A Suitable Method for Removing of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Proper Copolymer and its Derivations (original) (raw)
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American journal of polymer science, 2015
Poly (styrene-maleic anhydride) (SMA) copolymer was modified by reacting the anhydride group with two diamines derivatives. The modified copolymers were characterized by spectral, thermal and X-ray analyses. The obtained product was used for Cd (II), Cu (II) and Pb (II) uptake from aqueous solutions. The absorption process was followed using atomic absorption spectrometry. The effects of several experimental parameters such as pH, concentration and adsorption time on the extent of cations absorption were studied. The equilibrium removal performance of the copolymer is analyzed according to the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model that shows result fitted to both models. Some kinetic models were applied to fit the absorption mechanism.
Scientia Iranica, 2020
Heavy metal ions have been recognized as the most hazardous contaminants of water sources. In this study, a novel polymeric adsorbent based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), acrylic acid (AA), and 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate (BDDMA) was successfully synthesized and its efficiency in removal of selected heavy metal ions (Pb 2+ and Cd 2+) were investigated. The role of significant parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, metal ions concentration and temperature on removing harmful metal ions were logically studied. Results showed that the amount of pH, contact time and polymer adsorbent dose had direct relation in adsorption of metal ions. While increasing metal ion concentrations have no significant effect in metal ions adsorption and that was fixed up to 15 mg/L. Adsorption isothermal process of the new polymeric adsorbent was studied by several selected models and also maximum values of adsorption capacities of the introduced adsorbent for Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ions were characterized. Adsorption /desorption cycles of synthesized polymer adsorbent were around 15 times. According to the modeling of adsorption data, the pseudosecond-order kinetic equation could best describe the adsorption kinetics. According to the intra-particle diffusion studies adsorption of heavy metal ions might be dominated by external diffusion mechanism.
Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2008
The competitive removal of Pb 2R , Cu 2R , and Cd 2R ions from aqueous solutions by the copolymer of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and itaconic acid (IA), P(AMPS-co-IA), was investigated. Homopolymer of AMPS (PAMPS) was also used to remove these ions from their aqueous solution. In the preparation of AMPS-IA copolymer, the molar percentages of AMPS and IA were 80 and 20, respectively. In order to observe the changes in the structures of polymers due to metal adsorption, FTIR spectra by attenuated total reflectancetechnique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures of the polymers were taken both before and after adsorption experiments. Total metal ion removal capacities of PAMPS and P(AMPS-co-IA) were 1.685 and 1.722 mmol Me 2R /g polymer , respectively. Experimental data were evaluated to determine the kinetic characteristics of the adsorption process. Competitive adsorption of Pb 2R , Cu 2R , and Cd 2R ions onto both PAMPS and P(AMPS-co-IA) was found to fit pseudo-second-order type kinetics. In addition, the removal orders in the competitive adsorption of these metal ions onto PAMPS and P(AMPS-co-IA) were found to be Cd 2R > Pb 2R > Cu 2R and Pb 2R > Cd 2R > Cu 2R , respectively. 1210 S. Ç avuş and G. Gü rdag 3 Â W APS 1 a, b: NMBA and APS were used in the amount of 3 and 1 mol% of total amounts of the monomers in feed, respectively. W APS : the weight of APS in gram.
Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2009
Poly(acrylic acid-co-methacrylamide), P(AA-co-MAAm), and poly(acrylic acid), PAA, gels were prepared and the use of these gels in the non-competitive removal of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions was investigated at room temperature. Characterization of the polymers was performed by FTIR spectroscopy both before and after adsorption of metal ions on P(AA-co-MAAM) or PAA. The equilibrium swelling values (ESVs) of both polymers were determined by gravimetric method. During the adsorption of metal ions on both polymers, residual metal ion concentration in the solution (by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS)) and the solution pH were measured. The kinetics of the adsorption process was determined from the experimental results. Pseudo-first and second-order plots and the correlation coefficients showed that the kinetics of non-competitive adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ ions on P(AA-co-MAAM) or PAA is correlated best with pseudo-second-order process. While the removal order in the non-competitive adsorption of heavy metal ions on PAA was Pb2+ (2.60 mmol g−1) > Cu2+ (1.04 mmol g−1) > Cd2+ (0.88 mmol g−1), it was in the order of Pb2+ (1.85 mmol g−1) > Cd2+ (0.70 mmol g−1) > Cu2+ (0.64 mmol g−1) for P(AA-co-MAAM) copolymer. The introduction of MAAm into PAA decreased the metal ion removal capacity of copolymer for Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions considerably, but it did not significantly affect that for Cd2+ ion. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymer Bulletin, 2006
Crosslinked hydroxyethyl cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid) (HEC-g-pAA) graft copolymer was prepared by grafting of acrylic acid (AA) onto hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) using [Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6]/HNO3 initiator system in the presence of poly(ethyleneglycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) crosslinking agent in 1:1 (v/v) mixture of methanol and water at 30 °C. Carboxyl content of copolymer was determined by neutralization of –COOH groups with NaOH solution and sodium salt of copolymer (HEC-g-pAANa) was swelled in distilled water in order to determine the equilibrium swelling value of copolymer. Both dry HEC-g-pAA and swollen HEC-g-pAANa copolymers were used in the heavy metal ion removal from three different aqueous ion solutions as follows: a binary ion solution with equal molar contents of Pb2+and Cd2+, a triple ion solution with equal molar contents of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+, and a triple ion solution with twice Cu2+molar contents of Pb2+and Cd2+. Higher removal values on swollen HEC-g-pAANa were observed in comparison to those on dry polymer. The presence of Cu2+decreased the adsorption values for Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions on both types of HEC copolymer. However, with further increase in Cu2+ content both dry and swollen copolymers became apparently selective to Cu2+ removal and Cu2+ removal values exceeded the sum of adsorption values for Pb2+ and Cd2+. Maximum metal ion removal capacities were 1.79 and 0.85 mmol Me2+/gpolymer on swollen HEC-g-pAANa and dry HEC-g-pAA, respectively.
Polymer Bulletin, 2006
Crosslinked hydroxyethyl cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid) (HEC-g-pAA) graft copolymer was prepared by grafting of acrylic acid (AA) onto hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) using [Ce(NH 4) 2 (NO 3) 6 ]/HNO 3 initiator system in the presence of poly(ethyleneglycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) crosslinking agent in 1:1 (v/v) mixture of methanol and water at 30 o C. Carboxyl content of copolymer was determined by neutralization of-COOH groups with NaOH solution and sodium salt of copolymer (HEC-g-pAANa) was swelled in distilled water in order to determine the equilibrium swelling value of copolymer. Both dry HEC-g-pAA and swollen HEC-g-pAANa copolymers were used in the heavy metal ion removal from three different aqueous ion solutions as follows: a binary ion solution with equal molar contents of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ , a triple ion solution with equal molar contents of Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ , and a triple ion solution with twice Cu 2+ molar contents of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+. Higher removal values on swollen HEC-g-pAANa were observed in comparison to those on dry polymer. The presence of Cu 2+ decreased the adsorption values for Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ions on both types of HEC copolymer. However, with further increase in Cu 2+ content both dry and swollen copolymers became apparently selective to Cu 2+ removal and Cu 2+ removal values exceeded the sum of adsorption values for Pb 2+ and Cd 2+. Maximum metal ion removal capacities were 1.79 and 0.85 mmol Me 2+ /g polymer on swollen HECg-pAANa and dry HEC-g-pAA, respectively.
A novel chelating copolymer (4-HBPBF) has been synthesized by the condensation of 4-hydroxybenzophenone [HBP] and biuret [B] with formaldehyde [F] in the presence of acid catalyst at 126 ºC was proved to be a selective chelating ion-exchange copolymer for certain metals. A copolymer composition has been determined on the basis of their elemental analysis and the number average molecular weight of this copolymer was determined by conductometric titration in non-aqueous medium. The viscosity measurements in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) has been carried out with a view to ascertain the characteristic functions and constants. The newly synthesized copolymer resin was characterized by UV-visible spectra, IR spectra, 13C NMR and 1H NMR spectra. The copolymer has been further characterized by absorption spectra in non-aqueous medium to elucidate the structure. Ion-exchange properties of this resin was studied by batch equilibrium method for Fe3+, Cu 2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions over the pH range, 1.5 to 6.5 and in media of various ionic strengths. The resin shows a higher selectivity for Fe3+ ion over any other ions. Study of distribution ratio as a function of pH indicates that the amount of metal ion taken by resin is increases with the increasing pH of medium. The surface morphology of the copolymer resin was examined by scanning electron microscopy and it establishes the transition state between crystalline and amorphous nature.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2009
Noncompetitive removal of Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Cd 2+ ions from aqueous solutions by the copolymer of 2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid with itaconic acid and its homopolymer poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid] was investigated. Both poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid] and poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-itaconic acid] removed the maximum and same amounts (1.74 mmol Pb 2+ /g polymer) of Pb 2+ ion among the ions investigated in this work. The equilibrium swelling values of poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid] and poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-itaconic acid] showed that the swelling of the copolymer is dominated by its completely ionizable constituent 2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid. Although the incorporation of itaconic acid into poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid] did not affect the removal rates of poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-itaconic acid] for Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ions, it considerably enhanced the removal rates of the copolymer for the Cu 2+ ion. The trends in the single-ion sorption of ions on poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid] and poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-itaconic acid] followed the orders Pb 2+ > Cd 2+ > Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ > Cu 2+ > Cd 2+ , respectively. Noncompetitive adsorption profiles of Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Cd 2+ ions on both polymers were demonstrated to fit the pseudo-second-order-type kinetics.
2012
Maleic anhydride-allylpropionate-styrene terpolymer has been modified with triethanolamine and contains carboxylic acid, carbonyl, hydroxyl, ester groups and tret.nitrogen atom, all of which are capable of interacting with metal ions. Modified terpolymer has been used as an adsorbent to remove copper ions from aqueous solution. Effects of contact time, sorbent weight and initial copper (II) concentration on removal efficiency were tested and optimum conditions were evaluated. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were employed to analyse the isotherm behaviours. It was found the equilibrium data were fitted well with Freundlich isotherm model, indicating a chemisorptions process. Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of sorbent was examined as 4.09 mmol g-1. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were employed to investigate kinetic behaviours. The kinetic data are best described by pseudo-second-order model. The obtained negative values of ΔG° and ΔH° are indicative o...
Synthesis and metal ions sorption properties of styrene-based polymers
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2009
Atactic polystyrene (PS) was chemically modified with maleic (MAH), succinic (SAH), and phtalic (PhAH) anhydrides. Styrene was copolymerized with acrylic (AA) and methacrylic acids (MA). Amount of carboxyl groups (%) bound to polymers was determined in the range of 6.9–25.9. Different modified polystyrenes (MPS) and styrene copolymers were used in the experiments to study Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions adsorption probability and their comparison. Sorption capacity of the polymers for the metal ions were investigated in aqueous media containing different amounts of these ions (5–40 mg/L) and at different pH values (2.0–6.0). Adsorption behavior of heavy metal ions could be modeled using both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It was found that the adsorption capacity is highest at pH value of 6, whereas it decreases as the pH value decreases at temperature 25°C ± 1°C for 240 min. The results obtained from the adsorption capacity experiments for Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions were 3.47–5.45 and 5.42–6.85 mg/g, respectively. The affinity order of polymers for both metal ions was observed as follows: SMAC > SAAC > MPS with MAH > MPS with SAH > MPS with PhAH. The maximum adsorption capacities of SMAC were 6.85mg/g for Zn(II) and 5.45 mg/g for Cu(II). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009