CPAP compliance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (original) (raw)
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CPAP treatment of a population-based sample—what are the benefits and the treatment compliance
Sleep Medicine, 2006
Background & purpose: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment has positive effects, including improved insulin sensitivity in sleep-laboratory cohorts with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. There is still a lack of data on benefits obtained and possibilities to treat less symptomatic individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CPAP treatment on metabolic profile and quality of life (QoL) in a population-based sample of men with sleep apnea. Another purpose was to investigate the compliance to CPAP in this population. Patients and methods: A population-based sample of 38 men with an AHI R10 were treated with CPAP regardless of symptom profile. The controls included men with AHI !10 matched for age and hypertension. The effects were evaluated after 3 weeks and 6 months. Insulin resistance was quantified using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Daytime sleepiness, QoL and subjective symptom load was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Minor Symptoms Evaluation-Profile (MSE-P) questionnaires, respectively. Results: Complete three-week data were obtained from 28 treated men and 28 controls. Compared with controls, the CPAP group displayed a greater reduction of fasting serum insulin (PZ0.02), decrease in insulin resistance (PZ0.01) and an increase in IGF-1 (PZ0.005). The CPAP group further showed an improvement in the SF-36 domains of mental health (PZ0.03) and vitality (PZ0.06) and a reduction in symptom load in the sleep dimension of the MSE-P. Only 11 (29%) of subjects starting CPAP were still on treatment after 6 months. Those who still used CPAP had a higher score on ESS at baseline (11.3 (4.4) vs. 5.9 (3.4), P!0.0001). Conclusions: Benefits of short-term treatment included signs of reduced insulin resistance and improved QoL. However, in this populationbased sample compliance with CPAP was very low. More severe sleepiness was a positive predictive factor for treatment compliance. q Sleep Medicine 7 (2006) 553-560 www.elsevier.com/locate/sleep 1389-9457/$ -see front matter q
Respiratory Medicine, 2013
Introduction: It is important to identify those patients with OSA who are likely to benefit from long term CPAP, not only for symptomatic relief, but also potentially to reduce vascular morbidity and mortality, but are unlikely to adhere to treatment. We have validated a model which we developed previously for predicting long term compliance with CPAP using data after a 2 week trial. Methods: The model was applied retrospectively to patients undergoing a trial of CPAP. Predicted outcomes were compared with the actual outcomes. Results: Prediction equation was applied to 448 patients [77% males, Age 53 AE 11 years, ESS 14 AE 4, AHI 37 AE 24]. Of 407 patients included in the study 333 were issued a CPAP and 74 declined long term CPAP. At one year, 81% patients were using CPAP at least 2 h and 70% > 4 h. A score >50% from the equation was associated with a high probability of CPAP usage at one year. 295 patients had a probability score of >50% and of them 84% were using CPAP satisfactorily at 1 year. The sensitivity in identifying compliers was 91%. Of the 112 patients with a score 50%, 38 opted to accept CPAP and 60% of them were still using it at 1 year. Conclusions: This simple equation has now been validated to be highly sensitive in identifying long term compliers and it also identifies those with worse compliance. This group could be targeted for a more intensive follow up regime with the aim of improving their compliance.
Sleep and Breathing, 2019
Objective To evaluate the performance of clinical criteria (CC) for diagnosis and initiation of empirical treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) compared with the treatment decision based on sleep studies (polysomnography or respiratory polygraphy), guidelines, and experience of participating physicians. Methods This was a simulated intention-to-treat study in a retrospective (G1) and prospective (G2) cohort. Four observers (two per group) called CC1 and CC2 reviewed the sleep questionnaires and indicated CPAP if the patients presented snoring, frequent apneas (≥ 3-4/week), body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m 2 , sleepiness (Epworth > 11), or tiredness (at least 3-4 times per week) and some comorbidity (hypertension, coronary/cerebrovascular event, diabetes). Ten independent observers formed two groups of five (FD1 and FD2) and were blinded to each other's opinion. These observers in FD1 and FD2 decided CPAP treatment based on guidelines of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) or guidelines of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and factored in their own opinion. Sensitivity (S), specificity (Sp), and positive/negative likelihood ratios (LR+/−) were calculated with the test method: CC1/2, and the reference method: majority decision of FD1/2. Results A total of 653 patients (264 women, 40%) were studied. Median age was 54 years, BMI 28 kg/m 2 , and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) 16.5 events/h. S ranged from 21 to 25% (p 0.60), Sp 96.1 to 97.6% (p 0.39), and LR+ of clinical criteria 6.4 to 8.9 (p 0.52). Conclusion CPAP indication without a previous sleep study showed a low sensitivity (≅ 22%) but a specificity greater than 95% in patients with high pretest probability for OSA (snoring, report of frequent apneas, BMI > 25 kg/m 2 and sleepiness or tiredness plus comorbidity).
Early predictors of CPAP use for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea
Sleep, 2004
To identify factors before a trial of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment that are associated with lower compliance. A prospective cohort study. Initial Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores and other demographic data were noted. Machine use was recorded by clock timer after a 1-month trial of treatment. District General Hospital sleep-disordered breathing clinic. Eighty consecutive patients with symptoms of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and a 4% Sao2 desaturation index greater than 10 events per hour. N/A. Those reporting 'initial problems' with CPAP went on to have an average of 2.4 hours of on time per night, while those not reporting initial problems had an on time of 5.0 hours per night (P < .001). Those living alone had a machine on time of 3.2 hours compared with 4.5 hours for those with partners (P = .04). Pearson's correlations between hours on time were -0.08 (P = .48) for initial Anxiety score and 0.10 (P = .37) for initial Dep...
Factors that influence CPAP adherence: an overview
Sleep and Breathing, 2010
Background Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Consistent adherence to CPAP improves the patient’s longevity and quality of life as well as public safety. However, nonadherence is a significant contributor to the growing burden of untreated OSAS, and is associated with negative consequences for the patient, public safety, and the healthcare system. Objective The use of CPAP is a classic example of an effective treatment for which adherence is extremely variable. This paper examines a multiplicity of factors that influence CPAP adherence. Factors These factors are traditionally thought of in terms of patient and equipment variables, but in addition physician, family, healthcare facility, and governmental issues all contribute to CPAP adherence. Discussion These factors are reviewed and pragmatic recommendations are made for improving clinical practice.
Access to CPAP treatment in patients with moderate to severe sleep apnea in a Latin American City
Sleep Science, 2018
Introduction: The most effective treatment for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) but adherence may be a limiting factor. Most compliance studies often only include patients under CPAP treatment, neglecting the importance of access to treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate CPAP access and compliance in OSA patients, after CPAP indication and titration. Methods: We included moderate to severe OSA patients, diagnosed by in-lab polysomnography (PSG), with CPAP indication and effective pressure titration. Between 12 to 18 months after treatment was indicated a telephone questionnaire was administered including questions about access to CPAP, reasons of no access, reported adherence and symptoms improvement. Results: A total of 213 patients responded to the survey (171 males, mean age 53.4±13.5 and BMI 34.02±8.8 kg/m 2). Almost a third of the patients (28.2%) did not initiate CPAP treatment. Out of 213, 153 patients (71.8%) started treatment with CPAP and 120 (56.3%) reported still being under treatment a year after indication, additionally, 85.8% reported that they were using it =4hs/night. Those who accessed to CPAP were on average, older age, had full coverage of treatment by their medical insurance, required lower effective pressure and experienced more severe sleepiness compared to those individuals who did not accessed to CPAP. Discussion: A significant proportion of OSA patients with CPAP indication did not initiate and/or eventually abandoned CPAP. Approximately only 50% of the patients were still under treatment, with acceptable selfreported adherence rate and clinical response, one year after the initial treatment indication. Additional measures are necessary to increase access to CPAP and improve long-term compliance.
Sleep and Breathing, 2012
The aim of the study was to asses quality of life and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients after adhering to 6 months of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Methods A group of 50 patients (41 men and 9 women) were diagnosed by polysomnography and treated with CPAP therapy for 6 months. Their symptoms and healthrelated quality of life were assessed by administering a validated and translated version of the sleep apnea quality of life index (SAQLI). Sleepiness was measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and through electronic monitoring of CPAP usage per night of sleep. Results Mean CPAP usage was 4.5±0.5 h per night. Comparisons between quality of life indexes before and after CPAP treatment showed an improvement in the total SAQLI score (3.8±0.9 vs. 5.8±0.8 after CPAP, p<0.01), in daily functioning (4.2±1.4 vs. 6.0±0.9, p<0.01), social interactions (4.8±1.3 vs.6.3±0.7, p<0.01), emotional functioning (4.4±1.4 vs. 5.7±1.0, p<0.01), symptoms (1.6±0.8 vs. 5.8±1.2, p<0.01), and in the ESS (13.7±6.5 vs. 3.9± 3.8, p<0.01). Regarding the patients' symptoms, improvement was noticed for "sleepiness while watching a spectacle" (96%), "reading" (95%), "carrying on a conversation" (95%), "driving" (92.9%), "restless sleep" (87.8%), and "urinating more than once per night" (84.8%). Smaller improvements were observed for the reported "dry mouththroat upon awakening" (36.1%),"excessive fatigue" (54.5%), and "decreased energy" (55.3%). Conclusion We conclude that OSAS patients who adhere to nighttime CPAP therapy show significant improvement of their quality of life, daytime sleepiness, and other symptoms after 6 months of treatment with CPAP.
Sleep disorders, 2014
Long-term adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is low among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The potential role of "habit" in sustaining adherence to CPAP use has not been studied. This study aimed to establish the relevance of habit to CPAP adherence, via validation of an adaptation of the Self-Report Habit Index (the CPAP Habit Index-5; CHI-5). Analyses focused on the homogeneity, reliability, and factor structure of the CHI-5 and, in line with theoretical predictions, its utility as a predictor of long-term CPAP adherence in middle-aged patients with OSA. A prospective longitudinal design was used. 117 patients with objectively verified OSA intended for CPAP treatment were recruited. Data was collected via clinical examinations, respiratory recordings, questionnaires, and CPAP devices at baseline, 2 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. The CHI-5 showed satisfactory homogeneity interitem correlations (0.42-0.93), item-total correlations (0.58-0....
Nature and Science of Sleep, 2022
Purpose: No study has assessed the titration success of CPAP therapy in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) and an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) <30 event/h. This study aimed to assess the titration success of CPAP therapy under polysomnography and subsequent short-term adherence (1 month) in patients with OHS and an AHI <30 event/h. Methods: Consecutive OHS patients with an AHI <30 events/h between 2010 and 2019 were included (n=54). All OHS patients were first started on CPAP during the therapeutic sleep-study. If the therapeutic-study showed that the SpO2 remained < 90% for 20% of the total sleep time, a second therapeutic study was arranged with bi-level PAP (BPAP). Thirty patients agreed to participate in the 1-month follow-up adherence study. We applied the American-Thoracic-Society criteria for PAP adherence. Results: The mean age was 54.8±14.6 years, and the mean BMI was 45.9±12.2 kg/m2. Successful titration on CPAP was attained in 36 (66.7%) patients, and 18 (33.3%) required BPAP. Patients who failed the CPAP trial had a significantly higher PaCO2 and bicarbonate, a more restrictive respiratory pattern on spirometry, and a significantly higher time with SpO2<90 % (mins) during sleep. The only independent correlate of CPAP-titration success on the multivariable regression analysis was the desaturation index (OR: 1.33 [1.033-1.712]). More than 80% of the participants were using CPAP therapy after one-month with no differences in adherence between the CPAP and BPAP groups. Conclusions: The current results suggest that CPAP therapy could be an acceptable alternative therapy to BPAP in patients with OHS without severe OSA.