The prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving in Alberta (original) (raw)

Abstract

This study explored the current state of alcohol-impaired driving as well as the changes in alcohol-impaired driving over time among Albertans. Based on self-report data from the

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References (369)

  1. Commission, 2006). Similarly, self-reported driving after using cannabis rose from 2.1% in 1988 to 4.8% in 2004 in Canada (Beirness & Davis, 2006). However, future research needs to confirm whether drug-related impaired driving is increasing over the years, and whether there is any causal relationship between the decline in alcohol-impaired driving and the increase in drug-impaired driving in Alberta (if any). The effect of cannabis, cocaine, and other drugs on driver impairment in Canada is well documented (Beirness & Davis, 2006; Mann, Stoduto, Ialomiteanu, Asbridge, Smart, & Wickens, 2010; MacDonald, Mann, Chipman, Pakula, Erickson et al. 2008;
  2. Palmentier, Warren, & Gorczynski, 2009). After alcohol, cannabis is probably the most popular psychoactive substance used for recreational purposes (Gonzalez-Wilhelm, 2007), and cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug in Canada, used by 1 in 7 adults and 1 in 4 students (Fischer, Rehm, & Hall, 2009). The findings indicated that both cannabis and cocaine have damaging but diverse effects on driving (Laumon, Gadegbeku, Martin, & Biecheler, 2005; MacDonald et al. 2008; Ramaekers, Berghaus, Vanlaar, & Drummer, 2004). Research on the combined effects of cannabis and alcohol suggests that collision risk is increased by the combined use of these substances (Sewell, Poling, & Sofuoglu, 2009). Although some studies did not find an effect of cannabis use alone on collision risk (Bates & Blakely, 1999; Blows, Ivers, Connor, Ameratunga, Woodward, & Norton, 2005;
  3. Sewell, Poling, & Sofuoglu, 2009), other studies have found that cannabis by itself is associated with increased collision risk (Asbridge, Poulin, & Donato, 2005; Beirness, Simpson, & Williams, 2006; Laumon et al. 2005; Mann et al. 2010; Richer & Bergeron, 2009). In a sample of 6,907 adults aged 18 and older in Ontario, Mann and colleagues References:
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  363. Y % = Percentage of individuals saying "yes" to the impaired driving question. a. Re-categorized to meet the sample requirement for cross-tabulation.
  364. Pearson Chi-square test: * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001.
  365. Figure 2: Rates of impaired driving incidents, Alberta, 1986-2008
  366. Source: Statistics Canada, Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, CANSIM Table 252 0013 Figure 3: Consequences of impaired driving, Alberta, 1986-2008
  367. 50 100 150 200 250 300 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year Number of People Injuries Death Source: Statistics Canada, Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, CANSIM Table 252 0013 Figure 4: Rates of impaired driving*, by province, 1986-2008
  368. 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year Rate 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year Rate (%) of Impaired Driving Source: Annual Alberta Surveys 1991, 1992, 1997, and 2009: Population Research Laboratory, University of Alberta. Figure 11: Rate of past-year drinkers aged 15 and older: Alberta, 1989, 1994, and 2004
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