Selçuklular Döneminde Azerbaycanlı Fıkıh Âlimleri ve Fıkıh İlmine Katkıları (original) (raw)

Although the homeland of Turkish-Islamic culture and civilization is Central Asia, the places where this great culture and civilization developed and matured were regions such as Khorasan, Azerbaijan, Karabakh, Nakhchivan and Tabriz. The first seeds of these works, which are works brought to the top by the Muslim Turkish nation in a wide area extending to the Anatolia, Middle East and even the Balkans, were sown in Central Asia, developed in the Caucasus and Pre-Asia within the sovereignty of the Seljuk Empire, and experienced its most glorious era in Anatolia and the Balkans. Undoubtedly, the civilization environment created by the Seljuks has an important place in our history of science and wisdom. The Seljuk period, which is called the "Golden Age" and "Intibah period" of Azerbaijan by Azerbaijani historians, actually deserves this description as a whole. Because Seljuk Anatolia hosted leading international figures in the fields of science, literature, mysticism and even bureaucracy. Scholars, poets, literary figures, artists, sufis and bureaucrats who came to Anatolia from Central Asia, especially Azerbaijan, Khorasan and Andalusia, especially in the XII-XIV centuries. They lived in these lands for centuries. These figures did not remain just names, they also brought various sufism, culture and thought movements to these lands and made Anatolia a bright center of science, culture and thought. Most of the Azerbaijani scholars, whose traces can be seen all over the Islamic world, especially in Anatolia and Azerbaijan, have produced valuable works in fields such as tafsir, hadith, fiqh, philosophy and literature, as well as sufism. In this study, such as Ayn al-Qudât-i Hamadânî (d. 525/1131), Qadî Izzeddin Muhammad er-Râzî al-Urmawi, (d.654/1256), Qadî Shihāb ad-Dīn al-Nakhjivani (d.664/1265), Siraj al-Din al-Urmawi (d. 682/1283), Safî al-Dîn al-Hindî al-Urmawi, (d.715/1315) and other el-Azerbaijani jurists who lived during the Seljuk period and their fiqh works were discussed. The contributions of these scholars, who were the architects of the cultural bridge established between Anatolia and Azerbaijan, to the science of fiqh were discussed by evaluating the information obtained from history, literature and biographical works.