A Case Report on Unilateral Double Testicles (original) (raw)
Related papers
Bilateral Undescended Testis: A Rare Anomaly
2013
Cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both the testes have not descended or are not retractable down the scrotal sac. It may be unilateral or bilateral. It is categorized as true undescended testes in which testes are present in the normal route of descent and ectopic testes in which testes may lie outside its normal path of descent at abnormal site. Common complications of Cryptorchidism are testicular cancer, sub fertility, testicular torsion and inguinal hernia. In a male cadaver, both testes were found between the superficial inguinal ring and the scrotum. On dissection the scrotal ligament was observed to be attached to the pubic crest. The genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (GFN) enters the inguinal canal through deep inguinal ring and supplies cremaster and the skin of the scrotum in males, but in this case it does not supply to scrotum.
The concordance of testicular anatomic location in bilateral cryptorchidism
Journal of Pediatric Urology, 2011
Objective: To determine the frequency of concordance of testicular anatomical location between both undescended testes based on surgical findings. Background: Cryptorchidism occurs in approximately 1% of boys over one year of age, and in 10e20% of these cases, the condition is bilateral. We report a series of 168 patients with a preoperative diagnosis of bilateral undescended testes who underwent surgical exploration and in whom two testes were surgically identified. Methods: The testicular location of both testes was stratified according to six anatomic regions. For each patient the anatomic site of each testis, both palpable and impalpable, and the surgical procedure required for orchidopexy were recorded. Results: The mean age was 59.3 months (2.5 monthse21 years). In 90% of the cases the surgical technique was identical for both sides. Approximately two thirds of the patients were found to have both testes in concordant anatomical locations and in 88% the location of one testis was predictive within one anatomic ''step'' of the location of the contralateral gonad. Conclusion: These findings may have significant implications for counseling families and anticipating the necessary surgical approach required when only one undescended testis has been localized preoperatively.
Polyorchidism; unilateral, one atrophic undescended double testicles
Urology annals
Polyorchidism is a very rare genitourinary anomaly defined with the presence of more than two testicles. Polyorchidism is associated up to 40% with undescended testicles. The present report is about an incidentally detected triorchidism case with unilateral, one atrophic undescended double testicles. A 4-year-old child, diagnosed with undescended left testicle revealed during orchiopexy polyorchidism with distinct epididymis and vas deferens. Whereas one of the testicles was in regular size; the other two were atrophic. Orchiectomy was conducted on the atrophic testicle and orchiopexy to the regular size testicle. The atrophic testicle excised was referred histopathological analysis and was diagnosed as atrophic testis. The patient discharged on the first postoperative day, was considered as normal during postoperative evaluation made on the third postoperative day. Polyorchidism is a rare genitourinary abnormality, and its management is still controversial. Yet, we believe that orc...
A Rare Case Report of Undescended Testis: Both on One Side
Urology journal, 2019
Undescended Testis is a medical term that uses for any testis which is not in its normal place (bottom of the scrotum). UDT can be classified as unilateral and bilateral. Unilateral UDT is more common than bilateral UDT. There is a very rare condition in which both testicles are on the same side and have not descended.We report in this article a 3 years old boy by a chief complaint of bilateral testicular mass absence. Diagnostic evaluation has been done but testes was abcent in scrota. Exploring laparoscopy has been done and rare cases of UDT diagnosed, in which both testicles was on left side of the pelvis by two separate spermatic cord. The shorter spermatic cord fixed in the left scrotum and the longer one fixed on the right side. The testis was normal in follow up examinations.
The Undescended Testis in Adult Life: A Case Report
Medical Clinical Update, 2022
Background Cryptorchidism or Undescended testis (UDT) is a common birth defect in male genitalia, in which at least one testicle is absent from the scrotum. The missing testicle can be found along the inguinal canal or in the ectopic case could go as far as the pre-pubic area or perineum. Case report A 35-year-old man came to the Unggul Karsa Medika Hospital with a complaint of a lump in the right groin. He said that his lump has been felt since the patient was a child, comes and goes, and has become more clearly visible in the last 2 weeks. On physical examination, a lump was found in the right inguinal area without discoloration and pain, with a negative Valsalva test, and no right testicle was found. Conclusion It is possible that abnormality in intrauterine hormonal function has a role in the etiology of UDT. Adult UDT usually happens due to late diagnosis by physician and lack of insight of the parents about surgery necessity and its complications. Reduced fertility, risk of cancer, testicular torsion, as well as psychological issues are factors that supports the need for surgery. Orchiectomy remains the treatment of choice for adult UDT, including in our case, due to the risk of testicular cancer.
Crossed testicular ectopia: Report of six cases
African Journal of Paediatric Surgery, 2014
A 5-year-old boy was admitted to our clinic with bilateral undescended testes and right inguinal hernia. On physical examination, both testes were palpated in the right groin region and ultrasound (US) supported this finding. Transverse incision of the right inguinal region visualized both testes at the level of the external inguinal ring [Figure 1]. After the hernia sac was prepared and tied, both testes were brought down sequentially into the ipsilateral and contralateral hemiscrotums with transseptal incision [Figure 2]. Case 2 A 6-year-old boy presented with bilateral undescended testes and left inguinal hernia. On physical examination, the left testis could be palpated at the inguinal region, but the right testis was impalpable and was not visualised by US. At surgery, a transverse incision of the left inguinal region was performed, and the left testis was found at the level of the external inguinal ring. During the preparation of the hernia sac, the right testis was also found in the sac. Similarly, both testes were brought down to both hemiscrotums with transseptal incision [Figure 3]. Case 3 An 8-year-old boy presented with a left impalpable testis and right inguinal bulging. On physical examination, the right testis was palpated in the swollen right inguinal region. The left testis was neither palpated nor visualised by US. At surgery, transverse incision of the right inguinal was made. The right testis was found at the level of the external inguinal ring, and the left testis was found in the hernia sac. In addition, the ductus deferens of the testes was fused proximally. After the sac was prepared and tied, the same surgical technique was successfully performed [Figure 4]. Case 4 A 2-year-old boy was admitted to the clinic with bilateral non-palpable testes and a previously repaired
International journal of dental and medical specialty, 2014
Cryptorchidism (translated hidden testis) is the most common genital abnormality of childhood, refers to the incomplete descent of the testicle into dependent scrotum. The undescended testicles (UT) can be located anywhere along the path of regular descent between the kidney and just outside of scrotal inlet. It is also known as UT because the majority of testicles that do not migrate completely into the scrotum by birth can be palpable in different areas like in the inguinal region. It affects approximately 30% of baby boys born prematurely and about 4% born at term. As a baby boy grows inside mother's womb, his testicles are typically formed inside his abdomen and move down (descend) into the scrotum shortly before birth. However in some cases, that move or descent does not occur, and the baby is born with a condition known as UT (or cryptorchidism). Almost 1 in every 100 male children born will have an empty scrotum. It may be on one side or both sides of the scrotum.
Journal of Anatomy, 2014
Past studies documented the presence of epididymal/testicular fusion anomalies and persistence of a patent processus vaginalis in a small case-series of cryptorchid and/or hydrocele patients. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the epididymal/testicular anomalies in a series of more than 1000 cryptorchid patients compared with controls. Secondary aims were: (i) to investigate the association between the cryptorchidism and the patency of p. vaginalis; and (ii) to correlate the epididymal/testicular fusion anomalies with the position of the testis and with the patency of the p. vaginalis. The clinical and surgical data of 1002 cryptorchid patients and 230 controls were retrospectively retrieved and analysed. Epididymal/testicular fusion anomalies were classified as: (i) normal anatomy; (ii) minor anomalies; and (iii) major anomalies. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test and Chi-square tests. The prevalence of the epididymal/testicular fusion anomalies was higher in the cryptorchid group compared with that of the control group (minor and major anomalies in cryptorchids vs. controls, respectively: 42.2 vs. 5.6% and 9.3 vs. 1.6%, P < 0.0001). Moreover, we documented a correlation of these anomalies with a more proximal localization of the testis (minor and major anomalies in proximal vs. distal location of the testis, respectively: 62.5 vs. 34.8% and 19.1 vs. 6.3%, P < 0.0001) and with the persistence of a widely patent p. vaginalis (minor and major anomalies in widely patent p. vaginalis vs. narrow duct, respectively: 51.7 vs. 42.2 and 11.9% vs. 7.8%, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the epididymal/testicular fusion anomalies were strongly associated with cryptorchidism and the persistence of a widely patent peritoneal vaginal duct. Although it remains unclear whether these anomalies cause non-descent of the testis or, conversely, result from the cryptorchidism or from the persistence of a widely patent duct, our data re-enforce this association.
Complete testicular epididymal dissociation in the abdominal cryptorchid testis
Journal of Pediatric Urology, 2013
To document the incidence of complete testicular epididymal dissociation (CTED) in the cryptorchid testis and evaluate its operative outcome. Methods: The presence of CTED was noted prospectively in cases of undescended testis and the operative findings were studied. Results: CTED was encountered in 11 testes in 10 boys out of 29 intra-abdominal testes among the 142 undescended testes (8%) operated. Ages of patients varied from 18 monthse14 years (median 4.5 years). All 11 testes were intra-abdominal. In 5 out of 11 testes, the dissociation was associated with a wide separation of the epididymis and testis. The dissociated epididymis was in the scrotum attached to the gubernaculum while the testis was intra-abdominal. One case had bilateral CTED. Successful subdartos orchidopexy was done for 8 testes, 6 after Prentiss maneuver. Two gonads were fixed just below the pubic tubercle. Orchiectomy was done in one case with a small sized testis with a short gonadal vessel. Conclusion: CTED was encountered in 8% of cases of cryptorchidism. A palpable nubbin-like tissue in the scrotal sac in the presence of CTED may suggest a descended dissociated epididymis with an intra-abdominal testis. Successful subdartos orchidopexy was possible in 73% of testes with CTED.
The undescended testis: diagnosis, treatment and long-term consequences
Deutsches Ärzteblatt international, 2009
The late descent of a testicle into the scrotum may impair its development. Reduced fertility is the main risk of primary cryptorchidism even after timely treatment, as histopathological changes (Leydig cell hypoplasia) already become apparent in the first few months of life. There is evidence, however, that treatment is often delayed. Hormonal and surgical treatments complement each other and should be provided before the child's first birthday. Selective literature search in PubMed (January 2008) based on the following keywords: "cryptorchidism", "maldescensus testis", "etiology", "therapy", "semen quality", "testicular cancer". Particular attention was paid to the current S2 guidelines on cryptorchidism. Hormone therapy is the best initial treatment in most cases, with a few exceptions. If this is unsuccessful, surgery should be performed without delay. The success of treatment depends on the initial position of the ...