Recent Advances in Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Toward Biological Detection (original) (raw)

Recently, field-effect transistors (FETs) have emerged as a novel type of multiparameter, high-performance, highly integrated platform for biochemical detection, leveraging their classical three-terminal structure, working principles, and fabrication methods. Notably, graphene materials, known for their exceptional electrical and optical properties as well as biocompatibility, serve as a fundamental component of these devices, further enhancing their advantages in biological detection. This review places special emphasis on recent advancements in graphene field-effect transistor (GFET)-based biosensors and focuses on four main areas: i) the basic concepts of FETs and the specific electrical properties of GFETs; ii) various state-of-the-art approaches to enhance the performance of GFET-based biosensors in terms of operating principles and the "3S"-stability, sensitivity, and specificity; iii) multiplexed detection strategies for GFET-based biosensors; and iv) the current challenges and future perspectives in the field of GFET-based biosensors. It is hoped that this article can profoundly elucidate the development of GFET biosensors and inspire a broader audience.