Microfluidics and Microfabrication (original) (raw)
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Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering, 2013
Microfluidics concerns the manipulation of small volumes of fluids (typically nanoliters or less) within networks of channels that have dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers. Such devices benefit from having small footprints, low volume requirements of samples and reagents, short analysis times, and a large degree of control over processes being performed, allowing miniaturization of single or multiple laboratory-based procedures and giving rise to ‘lab-on-a-chip’ technology. Microfluidic platforms have become powerful tools in a broad range of fields, from chemistry and engineering to the life sciences, and are revolutionizing the way research can be performed and the quality of information that can be gained.
Application and Manufacturing of Microfluidic Devices: Review
IJMER
Abstract:Micro fluidic devices are gaining increasingly popularity owing to their many advantages. Microfluidics varies in terms of forces operating from other domains as well as from macro-scale fluidic devices. Effects which can be omitted on a macro scale are dominant when fluid dynamic faces the issue of scale. With the recent achievement in the biotechnology, microfluidic devices promise to be a big commercial success. To have a better understanding of the various types of microfluidic devices, their application areas, basic design and manufacturing issues, a brief review is carried out and reported in this paper. Few devices and their applications are discussed.
APPLICATIONS OF MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
INTRODUCTION Microfluidics is the science and technology of systems that process or manipulate small (10–9 to 10–18 litres) amounts of fluids, using channels with dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometres. Its first Application is in analysis, in which it offer a number of useful capabilities which include the ability to use very small quantities of samples and reagents, and to carry out separations and detections with high resolution and sensitivity. Using Microfluidics in this Application greatly reduced cost and time of analysis. Microfluidics is a compound word, Micro meaning small size and fluidic, gotten from fluid (Liquid or Gas) thus to a layman, Microfluidics is the playing around with small Liquids or gases. Microfluidics offers fundamentally new capabilities in the control of concentrations of molecules in space and time. As a technology, Microfluidics seems almost too good to be true: it offers so many advantages and so few disadvantages. But it has not yet become widely used. Microfluidics systems are devices in which low volumes of fluids are processed to achieve multiplexing, automation, and high-throughput screening. Such Devices emerged in the early 80s and have been used in the development of inkjet printheads, DNA chips, lab-on-a-chip technology, micro-propulsion, and micro-thermal technologies. It deals with the behavior, precise control and manipulation of fluids that are geometrically constrained to a small, typically sub-millimeter scale. Microfluidics systems typically comprises of active (micro) components such as micro pumps and micro valves. Micro pumps supply fluids in a continuous manner and can be used for dosing. Micro valves determine the flow direction or the mode of movement of pumped liquids. Often processes which are normally carried out in a lab are miniaturized on a single chip in order to enhance efficiency and mobility as well as reducing sample and reagent volumes. Microfluidics Systems have a broad range of Application but in this Pepar, we will concentrate on its Applications in Biomedical Engineering.
Microfluidics: from Engineering to Life Sciences
Current Nanoscience, 2012
This interdisciplinary view of microfluidics at the interface with life sciences starts with presentation of the advantages and challenges presented by microfluidic devices. The forces important for flow in microchannels are discussed and special emphasis is placed on electrokinetic effects. The laws and principles governing flow in microchannels are compared to those important in macroflow and experimental methods used to measure flow in microchannels are introduced. Because flow in microchannels is laminar, for many applications there is need to enhance mixing and different ways to achieve this are presented herein. Due to the important influence of surface interactions for microfluidics, the materials used to manufacture microchannels are very important in flow control. A separate section discusses glass, silicon-based materials, and newer soft polymers used in microfluidic devices and the connection between their structure and the properties they impart to the flow. The field in which there are already numerous commercially available microfluidic devices is biotechnology. Some applications are discussed in a separate section. Lab-on-a-chip devices, due to their importance, are presented in a separate unit. Future directions of research in this interdisciplinary field are briefly discussed.
Editorial for the Special Issue on the Insights and Advancements in Microfluidics
Micromachines, 2017
We present a total of 19 articles in this special issue of Micromachines entitled, "Insights and Advancements in Microfluidics." Among the 19 articles, two perspectives, eight reviews, and nine research articles were solicited from leading researchers, pioneers, and emerging investigators. The topics covered in this issue ranges from biology, chemistry, and physics to the intersection of engineering, optics, and material sciences. As editors for this issue, we are both gratified and extremely thankful for the overwhelming responses and contributions from our fellow colleagues within the field of microfluidics. The special issue is themed to provide both insights and advancements in microfluidics. This well-timed issue touches on a field which has evolved tremendously in the last few decades. Professor Yanyi Huang from Peking University of China provided his unique insight and perspective on digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [1]. In his article, an informative guide was provided on the proper designing rules of digital PCR at the micro-scale. Professor Guoqing Hu from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, provided his astute insights and perspective on particle manipulation based on hydrodynamic effect [2]. His article summarizes both the progress and fundamental mechanisms in particle manipulation using elasto-inertial microfluidics. In the eight reviews articles, different branches and sub-branches of microfluidics were presented and comprehensively reviewed. These include microfluidic sensing, liquid handling, optofluidics, the use of microfluidics in cytotoxicity, Janus micro-motors, single-cell impedance cytometry, droplets, and polymer microfluidics. We were extremely fortunate to receive contributions from both Professor Dongqing Li and Professor Nam-Trung Nguyen. Both are leading pioneers and extraordinary visionary leaders in the field of microfluidics. Professor Li et al. [3] reviewed the basic theories in both microfluidic and nanofluidic resistive pulse sensing (RPS). His article focuses on the latest developments in the last six years. Future research direction and challenges in this area are also outlined in the review. Professor Nguyen et al. [4] discussed the recent advances and future perspective on microfluidic liquid handling. The first part of the review covers two main and opposing applications of liquid handling in continuous-flow microfluidics: mixing and separation. The second part focuses on various digital microfluidic strategies based on both droplets and liquid marbles. The applications of the emerging field of liquid-marble-based digital microfluidics are also highlighted in the article. Song et al. [5] provided an overview on the recent development of optofluidics. They discussed the critical challenges that hamper the transformation of optofluidic technologies from lab-based procedures to practical usages and commercialization. Priest et al. [6] reviewed the different microfluidic chips that can used for toxicity screening. Li et al. [7] discussed the self-propulsion of a platinum-silica (Pt-SiO 2) spherical Janus micro-motor (JM). Their paper reviews
Microfluidic device design, fabrication, and testing protocols
Protocol Exchange, 2015
This protocols document describes the design considerations and software tools to design a micro uidic device, fabrication protocols for making master molds and the nal polydimethylsiloxane \(PDMS) device, and testing of the completed micro uidic device.
Microfluidics- An Emerging Technology; Its Types and Applications
BioTechnology: An Indian Journal, 2020
Microfluidics has become the most sophisticated technology in the field of science and medicine. It exhibits several characteristics that attract the attention of researchers. The advantages of this fluid flow technology on miniaturized devices have urged scientists to study it. Microfluidic innovation is an empowering innovation for Lab-On-a-Chip (LOC) tests as it permits high portability and adaptability. Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful way to do it in vitro cell systems, sometimes called "organ-on-chip" or "body on a chip", which mimics the in vivo environment. There are many types of microfluidics being used in different areas of research. Applications of microfluidics are in the sector of medicine as well as in industry. Microfluidics has also been used in many biological assays, in which the most important and active area is nucleic acid amplification-based LAMP (Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification). This review describes some main types of micro...