On the global performance of offices with different Complex Fenestration Systems (CFSs) (original) (raw)
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JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, 2014
Modern office building designs tend to increase the window share per facade to make the building more impressive with extensive visibility and well daylit rooms. In general, an increased window share results in higher energy usage and higher costs of heating and cooling, but these disadvantages can be reduced with a more careful design. The aim of this paper is to show the influence of window design and room layout on heating and cooling demand and daylight availability in office buildings in northern Europe. The results in the paper are based on design calculations for two different room types and daylight measurements on two room scale models in a daylight laboratory. The calculations show the influence of window design parameters on the cooling and heating demand. The daylight measurements show the influence of window design parameters on the availability of daylight. The results have then been combined to show a feasible window design regarding daylight availability and the resu...
The building façades, as boundary between external and internal environment, play a central role in energy reduction and suitable comfort conditions maintenance. Their evaluation requires an integrated assessment approach, focused on occupants' thermal and visual comfort, along the time and the space, as well as on maximizing daylight and achieving energy saving goals. In this paper, dynamic simulation is used to evaluate the integrated performance of different fenestration systems in an open space office located in Rome. The illuminating analysis has been performed using DIVA, and the results, processed by means of a Matlab code, have been used as an input for Energy Plus thermal and energy analysis. Then, the Energy Plus outputs have been post processed to calculate the solar radiation influence on occupants thermal comfort. Some new metrics have been introduced in such a way that it is possible to assess the comfort performance with comprehensive indicators.
Energy and Buildings, 2015
A new Radiance-based modelling approach called Fener is presented. The motivation is to be able to perform detailed analyses of complex fenestration systems (CFS) from the energetic and daylighting points of view in a computationally efficient manner, so the benefits of innovative products can be easily quantified. The model couples daylighting and thermal simulations in a time-step basis, so that shading control strategies that depend on thermal variables, such as indoor air temperature and energy load, can be simulated without iterating between full-year simulations of a thermal model and a daylighting model. Fener is a single-zone energy model that uses the three-phase method and bi-directional scattering distribution functions (BSDF) to predict the transmitted solar irradiance and indoor illuminance of office spaces with CFS. An evaluation of the model is presented. Fener is tested against EnergyPlus and classic Radiance for different fenestration systems and sky conditions. Cooling and heating energy demand, transmitted solar irradiance and indoor illuminance are compared. As an exemplary application, Fener is used to assess the performance of an innovative perforated lamella system together with a control strategy that depends on indoor air temperature.
2014
Solar radiation can significant affect airconditioning loads in buildings. Moreover, it has an impact on occupants' performance and well-being from a psychological and physiological point of view, influencing thermal and visual comfort conditions. However, large windows on building façades, facilitating daylight entry, may increase the risks of overheating or visual discomfort, requiring proper control of shading devices in order to prevent glare and direct solar radiation on the occupants. The hard task becomes defining a balance between those contrasting requisites, considering the specific application context and using different metrics in order to analyze both comfort and energy aspects. In this paper, the effects of external and internal roller shades, both on thermal and visual comfort and on overall building energy demand, have been considered for the climatic condition of Rome (South Italy) in order to assess the long-term comfort conditions and energy performance of an open space office. Some office characteristics, such as windows extension, glazing type and shading characteristics has been changed in order to assess the performance under different conditions. The indoor thermal comfort levels are controlled by fixing adequate operative temperature set points while visual comfort is ensured through control of shading and lighting systems. Evaluation of building performance has been assessed through (i) total primary energy demand regarding energy aspects (ii) the Predicted Mean Vote and the Discomfort Time weighted by the Predicted Percent of Dissatisfied, including the effect of the diffuse and beam solar radiation, for analysis of thermal comfort and (iii) the Daylight Autonomy and the Daylight Glare Index for visual comfort.
Energy Reports
In recent years, there has been a heightened emphasis improving visual comfort and energy efficiency. Various solutions have been explored to achieve high-performance design. Shading devices play a crucial role in enhancing building performance by redusing solar gains, excessive daylight, and improving both energy efficiency and occupants' visual comfort. This research aims to investigate the effect of facade geometry on visual comfort and energy consumption in four different climates of Iran and categorize each variable based on effectiveness for each location. Parametric office modeling was done by using Grasshopper and Rhino software. Then, the effect of the facade on the interior lighting and energy consumption was analyzed by Radiance, Daysim, and EnergyPlus calculation engines. The Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) was selected to optimize solutions, minimize energy consumption, maximize useful daylight illuminance, and view quality. In addition, the methodology was used to explore the framework for optimizing office facade design in Iran's diverse climatic zones. The simulation results indicate that window-to-wall ratio and inclined wall were essential for balancing daylighting performance and energy consumption. This research stated that using a selfshading design could increase the quality of view up to 75% while reducing energy consumption and the risk of glare. Results proposed a design framework to improve visual comfort and save energy. The rotating façade's wall 10 •-30 • reduced cooling energy demand and energy usage intensity in selected models. So, an inclined wall could be an efficient shading device to improve building's performance in Iran.
Solar radiation can significant affect air-conditioning loads in buildings. Moreover, it has an impact on occupants' performance and well-being from a psychological and physiological point of view, influencing thermal and visual comfort conditions. However, large windows on building façades, facilitating daylight entry, may increase the risks of overheating or visual discomfort, requiring proper control of shading devices in order to prevent glare and direct solar radiation on the occupants. The hard task becomes defining a balance between those contrasting requisites, considering the specific application context and using different metrics in order to analyze both comfort and energy aspects. In this paper, the effects of external and internal roller shades, both on thermal and visual comfort and on overall building energy demand, have been considered for the climatic condition of Rome (South Italy) in order to assess the long-term comfort conditions and energy performance of an...
2016
Energy saving seems to be the basic concept for a sustainable future. To reach the primary goal we need a responsible integration and synergistic collaboration between innovation, advanced technologies and design of the building envelopes. In the field of advanced technologies, Electrochromic glass is one of the most innovative components. These are able to modify on command its own optical features, modifying the level of screening of solar and visible radiation. On this trend, the research group went more in depth on the subject related to the heat transmission of irradiation trough glass surface. The data collected, during the four years of experimenting on the two test rooms, allows us to get interesting and significant elements of evaluation. These elements are oriented towards the project of new building and to existing building heritage with special reference to the areas with an intense and prolonged sunshine. During the research our work has been diversifying in two differe...
1988
S. SELKOWITZ We present in this paper a technique that can be used to indicate thermal comfort in nonresidential buildings as a function of specific fenestration system parameters. Comfort index values correlated to window design variables were derived from a data base of many simulations of a prototypical office building module using the DOE-2 energy analysis program. Four glazing types and two shading devices were combined in several ways so that a representative sampling of realistic fenestration systems were analyzed. These comfort indicators are intended to be used as part of a more comprehensive design tool to analyze total window performance.
Buildings
With the prevalent use of large glazings, particularly in office buildings, offices receive an abundance of light and are among the largest consumers of electricity. Moreover, in an extreme hot arid climate such as in the UAE, achieving comfortable daylighting levels without increasing solar heat gain is a challenge, in which the window or fenestration design plays an essential role. This research adopts a case study of a higher education (HE) office building on the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU) campus, selected to investigate an evidence-based retrofitting solution for the west façade that can be applied in existing office buildings in the UAE in order to reduce cooling energy load as well as enhance indoor environmental quality. To achieve an evidence-based retrofitting solution, the research design built upon a comprehensive exploratory investigation that included indoor environmental quality physical monitoring and occupant satisfaction surveying. Model simulation was p...