Fault‐tolerant control design to enhance damping of inter‐area oscillations in power grids (original) (raw)
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Fault-tolerant wide-area control for power oscillation damping
IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012
In this paper, the effectiveness of using both local and remote (wide-area) feedback signals for power oscillation damping (POD) controllers is shown. However, the challenge is to guarantee a minimum level of dynamic performance with only the local signal following sudden loss of remote signals. A case study on the Nordic equivalent system is presented to show that the closed-loop response could deteriorate once the remote signals are lost. A fault-tolerant control (FTC) design methodology is presented to solve this problem and ensure an acceptable performance level even in case of loss of remote signals. The FTC design methodology is based on simultaneous pole-placement for normal and loss of (remote) signals conditions along with minimisation of control effort. The problem is solved non-iteratively using Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). Under the normal condition (when both local and remote signals are present) the fault-tolerant controller (FTC) requires more control effort as compared to a conventional controller (CC) in order to achieve the same performance. However, case studies on the Nordic equivalent system confirm that the proposed FTC is able to produce acceptable performance in case of loss of the remote signals while the response with a CC is unacceptable. Index Terms-Power oscillation damping, fault-tolerant control, pole-placement, local and remote feedback I. INTRODUCTION U SE of feedback signals from geographically remote locations could improve the effectiveness of power oscillation damping (POD) [1] control. With the state-of-theart wide-area measurement systems (WAMS) infrastructure, power oscillation damping using remote (or wide-area) signals is certainly feasible. This could potentially improve the stability limits and allow operation of the transmission lines closer to their thermal capacity, without compromising security. Utilities however, are concerned about the consequences of unacceptable delay or complete loss of one or more of the remote feedback signals which could jeopardize the dynamic performance of their system. Several techniques have been reported in the literature to tackle the adverse impact of latency or delay involved in communicating the remote signals. A list of those paper along with a critical review of the different approaches can be found in [2], [3], [4]. Another potential problem could be low data rate/bandwidth availability which is likely to be encountered Support from ABB Switzerland under grant EESC P26939 is acknowledged.
Power Oscillation Damping Improvement using an Iterative Fault-tolerant Wide-area Control Approach
IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2012
The effectiveness of using both local and remote (wide-area) feedback signals for power oscillation damping (POD) controllers is first demonstrated. The challenge is then to guarantee a minimum level of dynamic performance with only the local signals following a sudden loss of remote signals. A case study on the Nordic equivalent system is presented to show that the closed-loop response could deteriorate if the remote signals are lost. A fault-tolerant control (FTC) design methodology is presented to solve this problem and ensure an acceptable performance level even in case of loss of remote signals. The FTC design methodology is based on simultaneous regional pole-placement for normal and loss of (remote) signals conditions. First the problem is solved non-iteratively using a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) approximation and then it is shown that, although this procedure is linear and easy to implement, it has a drawback: the value of one of the control matrices is fixed before calculating the others. An iterative procedure is presented instead to ameliorate this problem and potentially improve the damping of the system. Case studies on the Nordic equivalent system confirm that the proposed iterative fault tolerant controller (FTCit) is able to improve performance against the non-iterative fault tolerant controller (FTC) and produce acceptable performance in case of loss of the remote signals while the response with a CC is unacceptable if a fault occurs.
Semi-Active Wide-Area Fault-Tolerant Control in Electric Power Systems
Proceedings of the 19th IFAC World Congress, 2014
In this paper is presented a semi-active fault-tolerant control (SAFTC) as an alternative to reconfigurable or self-repairing fault-tolerant architectures with application to power systems. The final goal is to achieve stability and a minimum level of system performance following the completely loss of the feedback signals in the controller, which in this case are remote wide-area signals. The proposed controller is designed under the framework of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) to achieve pole placement. The semi-active design is compared against and ordinary or non-fault-tolerant control design to highlight that following the loss of a wide-area signal in the control, the closed loop response can lead to instability in the non-fault-tolerant case. The results are validated through nonlinear simulations results using a reduced version of the Nordic power system where the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated.
Fault Tolerant Control of Power Grids
International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, 2014
This special issue contains article on fault detection and isolation and fault tolerant control methods applied to different aspects of modern power grids, both for accommodating faults in the power grid, and for accommodation of faults in power generating units.
A Procedure to Design Fault-Tolerant Wide-Area Damping Controllers
IEEE Access, 2018
The idea of a smart grid is based on the increased integration of information technologies throughout the power grid. Technologies, such as phasor measurement units, are being deployed to increase the number of wide-area measurements across the bulk power system providing increased awareness of the system operational state. However, from a critical infrastructure perspective, the advanced metering infrastructure introduces a concern: the loss of communication among devices and the power grid. This communication loss may interfere with the wide-area control system performance and adversely affect the power system dynamics. This paper proposes a method based on genetic algorithms for wide-area robust damping controller design considering multiple operation points and loss of communication links related to the input and to the output of the central controller. The method is applied to enhance the damping of the electromechanical oscillations in an IEEE benchmark system: the simplified 14-generator model of the Southeastern Australian power system. The performance of the designed controller is evaluated using modal analysis and non-linear simulations in the time domain. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method to design a single centralized controller that provides satisfactory damping to the electromechanical oscillations over several operating points, even when there is a loss of a communication link, thus being robust with respect to is an important aspect of a critical power grid infrastructure. INDEX TERMS Machine learning, wide-area damping control, WAMS.
Review of the Most Recent Articles in Fault Tolerant Control of Power Plants 2018 – 2022
Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences
This article covers the latest fault-tolerant control system (FTCS) developments and applications. FTCSs aim to maintain stability, minimize performance degradation, and compensate for system component faults. These systems benefit from and mission-critical applications where service continuity is crucial. This article describes several sensor and actuator errors. Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) includes active, passive, and hybrid approaches and the latest design techniques. Finally, FTCS stability and reliability analysis and research gaps were reviewed. This study provides current and future FTCS researchers with the latest trends and applications. This study's contribution. System component failures and instability are two major causes of control performance decline. Fault-tolerant control, or FTC, was developed in recent decades to improve control system resiliency. Active and passive FTC techniques exist. This paper examines control system faults, failure causes, and the late...
Review of the Most Recent Work in Fault Tolerant Control of Power Plants 2018 -2022
Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2023
This article covers the latest fault-tolerant control system (FTCS) developments and applications. FTCSs aim to maintain stability, minimize performance degradation, and compensate for system component faults. These systems benefit from and mission-critical applications where service continuity is crucial. This article describes several sensor and actuator errors. Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) includes active, passive, and hybrid approaches and the latest design techniques. Finally, FTCS stability and reliability analysis and research gaps were reviewed. This study provides current and future FTCS researchers with the latest trends and applications. This study's contribution. System component failures and instability are two major causes of control performance decline. Fault-tolerant control, or FTC, was developed in recent decades to improve control system resiliency. Active and passive FTC techniques exist. This paper examines control system faults, failure causes, and the latest resilience solutions. Fault detection and isolation (FDI) and active fault tolerance control (FTC) advances were examined. Encouraging FTC and FDI research, a comprehensive comparison of several aspects is performed to understand the pros and cons of various FTC techniques.
Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems, 2018
The synchrophasor data provided by wide-area measurement systems have potential applications in electric power systems such as the use of these measurements as control inputs of wide-area damping controllers (WADCs) for small-signal stability enhancement. However, synchrophasor data are particularly vulnerable to cyber attacks (such as denial-of-service attacks) that can cause communication link failures in a smart grid communication network and, consequently, compromise the power system stability. In order to reduce the impact of communication failures on the performance of a WADC, this paper proposes a method to design a WADC considering robustness to multiple operating points, time delays in the communication channels and possible permanent loss of communication signals in the input and the output of the controller (which may be due, e.g., to denial-of-service cyber attacks). The performance of the designed controller is evaluated using modal analysis and nonlinear time-domain simulations in one of the IEEE benchmark systems to validate the results: the Simplified 14-Generator Model of the Southeastern Australian Power System. Keywords Wide-area damping control • Communication failure • Linear matrix inequalities • Cyber security • Denial-ofservice attacks
Guaranteed-cost reliable control with regional pole placement of a power system
Journal of the Franklin Institute, 2011
This paper deals with the simultaneous coordinated design of power system stabilizer (PSS) and the flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) controller. The problem of guaranteed cost reliable control with regional pole constraint against actuator failures is investigated .The state feedback controllers are designed to guarantee the closed loop system satisfying the desired pole region, thus achieving satisfactory oscillation damping and settling time, and having the guaranteed cost performance simultaneously. The proposed controllers satisfy desired dynamic characteristics even in faults cases. The controller's parameters are obtained using the linear matrix inequalities (LMI) optimization. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of this approach.
2000
Most of countries in different parts of the world are getting closer to deregulation. Deregulation has induced increase in network power transfers thus resulting in more constraint power system oscillations. Now in big interconnected networks, the scope is becoming larger and larger. For instance, to cope w i t h inter-area oscillations, power controllers need a more global vision (when a remote input signal is used in a Power System Stabiliser to damp inter-area oscillations). But in the perspective of deregulation, the knowledge of distant signals will not be guaranteed anymore. This paper explores the problem of remote input signal loss for a Remote Feedback Controller (RFC) used to damp inter-area oscillations m power systems. The similarity of the machine responses in the two areas oscillating against each others is used. The RFC is designed to be robust and effective when presented with the loss of one or many input signals. This pertbmance is accomplished through the inclusion of synchronised measurements (GPS) fiom several points in the power system. The proposed signal-loss solutions are verified via small-signal analysis and dynamic simulations on both a 4-and 29-machines test power system.