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2015
All the glory and honour to my saviour and heavenly father, Jesus Christ, who provided me with the strength, the knowledge and the ability to achieve this dream. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Professor Johan Prinsloo for his guidance and endless support. Thank you so much for serving as an exceptional role model over the past three years. I am truly honoured to have been your student and privileged in sharing your insight, knowledge and expertise in this exciting field of criminology. I am grateful to my entire familymy parents and brothers for their endless support and inspiration in making a dream come true. To my sister in law, Elsabethanks for the "future academic vision" and laughter. To my children André and Chante, this is the product of many hours behind the computer during your visits. Thank you so much, you are my life − I love you dearly. A special thanks to the late Superintendent Hennie Roets of the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Police Department for his expertise and assistance during this study. Hennie, "Hakkels" as he was known, was a friend, a former colleague and had a sincere passion for improving the road crash system. Many thanks to the senior management of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Police Department, in particular Deputy Chiefs Isaac Mapiyeye (Isaac, [sa]) and Johan Friedlander for allowing me to conduct the research at your premises. Thank you to the personnel of the Elsburg Accident Bureau for the assistance and advice. My sincere appreciation to all the officers of the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Police Department who participated in this study, Col Rob Askew from the SAPS and Mr Wynand Pretorius, Manager of the Municipal Courts in Emfuleni. A word of thanks to the management of Lyceum College for your understanding and support throughout the duration of my study. Thanks to Ms L van Kradenburg for the editorial and technical care of the dissertation.
Unintentional Injuries : Motor Vehicles and Sports Accidents
2017
Adolescence represents a crucial period for psychological development. Adolescents have been shown more prone to injuries than adults have and they are frequently involved in motor vehicle and sports accident. Although adolescents’ injuries have been widely investigated in international literature, victims’ psychological profiles associated with different types of accidents have been scarcely addressed. The present study aimed to identify adolescents’ psychological functioning associated with different types of injuries among a population of Italian adolescents who visited an emergency department. Moreover, the present paper intended to compare psychological profiles of adolescents who have had road and sports accidents. The sample was composed by N= 60 adolescents who attended an emergency department in central Italy. Subjects completed self-report measures assessing emotional and behavioural functioning and the use of defence mechanisms. Both road and sport accidents were associat...
Major behavioral risk factors for road traffic injuries
One Health & Risk Management
Introduction. Road traffic injuries are a major public health problem, ranking 8th in the leading causes of death and are forecasted to rank 5th by 2030 worldwide. Children, pedestrians, cyclists and the elderly remain among those most at risk of road traffic injuries. Material and methods. A specialized literature search was conducted within the main international databases, including: PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Research Gate, using a set of inclusion criteria. Data from references were extracted systematically into results tables, including: author/citation, study design, assessments/data, limitations, and key facts. Reported outcomes were compiled in narrative form. Results. Many researchers and scientists both in the country and abroad have studied road injuries. Authors of the studies used different methods and obtained obvious data about road traumas and major risk factors. Among the main causes of unintentional motor vehicle injuries were excessive speed, alcohol con...
Abbreviated running title: Aggressiveness and road traffic accidents
Background: Aggressiveness on the roads and / or anger behind the wheel are considered to be a major traffic safety problem in several countries. However, the psychological mechanisms of anger and/or aggression on the roads remain largely unclear. This study examines a large cohort of French employees followed over the 1994-2001 period to establish whether psychometric measures of aggression/hostility were significantly associated with an increased risk of injury accidents (I-A).
Not just the booze: polysubstance use among fatally injured drivers
2016
Alcohol is regarded as a significant cause of driver impairment. In more recent years however, concern has been growing over the use and abuse of illicit substances and prescription pharmaceuticals that can impair driving performance. The analysis of the toxicology records of N=1,375 drivers fatally injured in Western Australia 2000-2012 showed that over six in ten tested positive for either alcohol, illicit drugs and various pharmaceuticals alone or in combination. The identification of the presence of multiple, potentially impairing substances highlights the need to review current policies and practices in relation to the enforcement and management of substance impaired driving. Background Substance impaired driving is a dynamic road safety issue. Changes in the availability and pattern of use of potentially impairing substances, illegal or otherwise, requires regulators to continually monitor and counter an evolving landscape of impaired driving. Alcohol is foremost among the sub...
2007
The incidence of alcohol and illicit drug-related crashes continues to represent a significant road safety concern in Victoria. The advent of the random drug testing program to complement long- running breath test operations highlights the high degree of priority placed on addressing this issue. There is however limited information concerning the individual characteristics of those driving with alcohol and other drugs in their system. Using the National Coroners Information System (NCIS), the aim was to explore person-based characteristics of those killed. The Victorian Road Crash Information System was used to supplement and add value to these observations. From our sample of 2004 cases, 97 drivers, motorcyclists and pedestrians were identified as returning a positive toxicology finding for alcohol and / or another drug. Notably, 49% of these tested positive to alcohol followed by ∆9-THC (20%), and amphetamines (9%). Poly drug use was relatively common. Those killed were predominan...
Alcohol: the ubiquitous risk factor
Injury Prevention, 2000
This issue includes four papers that draw attention to one of the most important causes of injury in all age groups and in every part of the world-alcohol. In particular, the papers address impaired drivers. The first is an original article pointing to the benefits of laws that penalize drivers whose blood alcohol content (BAC) exceeds 0.08% by weight (p 109). In view of the growing evidence to which this paper adds substantially, it is diYcult to understand why so many constituencies tolerate higher limits. It is even more diYcult to fathom why, whatever the limits, more impaired drivers are not apprehended or, when they are, why they are not punished more severely. These issues are addressed in the second paper-one that we hope will be the first of many written by from a lawyer's perspective (p 96). The senior author, Robert Solomon, is the legal advisor to the Canadian branch of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD). Although the statistics in this paper only reflect the experience in one province, my guess is that the issues these data point to are commonplace, not only elsewhere in Canada but also world wide. In spite of limitations in the data system itself, the findings clearly point to serious flaws in how both the police and the legal system address impaired driving. Set aside the legal subtleties and look at the larger picture the findings present. As someone who has been spared personal experience with drunk driving, I find the results extremely disturbing. Imagine, then, how the families of victims must feel about this "system" that is supposed to deter. Because most injury prevention initiatives depend on lay persons for their success, I asked the vice president of MADD in the US, Wendy Hamilton, to present it as a Featured Program (p 90). Anyone familiar with this amazing program is bound to be impressed with its many accomplishments. Sadly, its origins and continued strength derive almost entirely from needless personal tragedies. There are many such programs in other countries and each deserves similar recognition. Finally, because impaired driving is dealt with so diVerently from one country to another, I asked Kathryn Stewart of the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation to write a guest editorial on this issue (p 80). She graciously agreed. Her superb contribution draws attention to how international the eVort has been to conquer this problem. Not surprisingly, perhaps, the country with the lowest tolerated level is Sweden, 0.02%. Stewart's editorial also on May 22, 2020 by guest. Protected by copyright.