Yield, chemical composition and nutritional quality responses of carrot, radish and turnip to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (original) (raw)
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Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2021
BACKGROUND: Elevated CO 2 usually reduces levels of proteins and essential micronutrients in crops. The adoption of early maturing varieties may minimize the deleterious effect of climate change on farming activities. Legumes stand out for their high nutritional quality, so the objective was to study whether the atmospheric CO 2 concentration affected the growth, yield, and food quality of early maturing cultivars of peas, snap beans, and faba beans. Plants grew in greenhouses either at ambient (ACO 2 , 392 ∼mol mol −1) or under elevated (ECO 2 , 700 ∼mol mol −1) CO 2 levels. Minerals, proteins, sugars, and phenolic compounds were measured in grains of peas and faba beans, and in pods of snap beans. RESULTS: The effect of ECO 2 depended on legume species, being more evident for food quality than for vegetative growth and yield. The ECO 2 increased Fe and P in faba bean grains, and Ca in snap bean pods. Under ECO 2 , grains of pea and faba bean increased levels of proteins and phenolics, respectively, and the sugars-to-protein ratio decreased in pods of snap beans. CONCLUSION: Early maturing varieties of legumes appear to be an interesting tool to cope with the negative effects that a long exposure to rising CO 2 can exert on food quality.
Photosynthetica, 2014
Tomato meets the dietary nutrient and antioxidant requirements of diverse populations. Being a C 3 crop and an important vegetable, it is likely to be influenced by increased CO 2 concentrations under climate change situation. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of elevated CO 2 on overall physiology, water relations, growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) cv. Arka Ashish. Plants were grown at elevated CO 2 [550 (EC 550) and 700 (EC 700) ppm of CO 2 ] in open top chambers. Increased assimilation rate, decreased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were observed at elevated CO 2 (EC) concentrations. Reduced leaf osmotic potential and increased water potential were observed at EC compared with the control (380 ppm of CO 2) in flowering and fruiting stages. Lower total chlorophyll content was recorded at EC 700. Plant height was significantly higher at EC 550 compared with EC 700. Higher number of branches was observed at EC 700 as compared with plants grown at EC 550 and the control. Leaf area was lower at EC 700 compared with EC 550 but specific leaf mass was higher at EC 700. Due to higher leaf dry mass and root dry mass, the plants grown at EC 700 exhibited higher total dry mass compared to EC 550 and the control. Increased number of flowers and fruits together with higher fruit set led to higher fruit yield at both EC concentrations. The highest yield increase was observed at EC 700. The fruits showed a lower content of phenols, flavonoids, ferric reducing antioxidant potential, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity in plants grown at EC as compared with the control. The ascorbic acid content was high at both EC 700 and EC 550. Carotenoids and lycopene content was low at EC 700 compared to higher content observed at EC 550 and the control.
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2021
In the present scenario of climate change with constantly increasing CO 2 concentration, there is a risk of altered crop performance in terms of growth, yield, grain nutritional value and seed quality. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in open top chamber (OTCs) during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to assess the effect of elevated atmospheric carbondioxide (e[CO 2 ]) (600 ppm) on chickpea (cv. JG 14) crop growth, biomass accumulation, physiological function, seed yield and its quality in terms of germination and vigour. The e[CO 2 ] treatment increased the plant height, leaf and stem biomass over ambient CO 2 (a[CO 2 ]) treatment. The e[CO 2 ] increased seed yield by 11-18% which was attributed to an increase in the number of pods (6-10%) and seeds plant-1 (8-9%) over a[CO 2 ]. However, e[CO 2 ] reduced the seed protein (7%), total phenol (13%) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (12%) and increased the starch (21%) and water uptake rate as compared to seeds harvested from a[CO 2 ] environment. Exposing chickpea plant to e[CO 2 ] treatment had no impact on germination and vigour of the harvested seeds. Also, the physical attributes, total soluble sugar and antioxidant enzymes activities of harvested seeds were comparable in a[CO 2 ] and e[CO 2 ] treatment. Hence, the experimental findings depict that e[CO 2 ] upto 600 ppm could add to the growth and productivity of chickpea in a subtropical climate with an implication on its nutritional quality of the produce. Keywords Biomass Á Chickpea Á Elevated carbondioxide Á Germination Á Open top chambers Á Protein Á Vigour Á Yield
Plant and Cell Physiology, 1998
The effects of sink capacity on the regulation of the acclimation of photosynthetic capacity to elevated levels of carbon dioxide are important from a global perspective. We investigated the effeocts of elevated (750/onol mol" 1 ) and ambient (350 //mol mol -1 ) atmospheric CO 2 on growth, carbohydrate levels, and photosynthesis in radish seedlings from 15 to 46 d after planting. In radish, a major sink is the storage root, and its thickening is initiated early. Elevated CO 2 increased the accumulation of dry matter by 111% but had no effect on the acclimation of the rate of photosynthesis or on the levels of carbohydrates in leaves at dawn. Elevated CO 2 increased the dry weight in storage roots by 105% by 46 d after planting, apparently enhancing the sink capacity. This enhanced capacity seemed to be responsible for absorption of elevated levels of photosynthate and to result in the absence of any over-accumulation of carbohydrates in source leaves and the absence of negative acclimation of photosynthetic capacity at the elevated level of CO 2 .
Impact of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration on the Growth, and Yield in Two Potato Cultivars
2014
Concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere is likely to increase up to 550 µmol mol -1 by the middle of 21 st century. Such an increase in the atmospheric CO 2 would affect plant growth, and as well the productivity of crop plants. A field experiment was conducted with two potato cultivars namely Kufri Surya and Kufri Chipsona-3 grown inside Open Top Chambers (OTCs) at ambient (385±30 µmol mol -1 ) vs. elevated CO 2 (570±50 µmol mol -1 ) levels during rabi (winter) season of the year 2009-2010. The photosynthetic rate significantly increased in both cultivars when under high CO 2 concentration, with the enhancement being more in Kufri Chipsona-3 than in Kufri Surya. There were significantly increased accumulations of reducing, non-reducing and total sugars observed in the leaves of both cultivars as due to CO 2 enrichment. Crop Growth Rate (CGR) and Tuber Growth Rate (TGR), in both cultivars, were recorded higher in plants grown under elevated CO 2 as compared with the ambient CO 2 con...
Polish Journal of …, 2006
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different CO 2 concentrations on carbohydrate, chlorophyll contents and net photosynthetic productivity in radish (Raphanus sativus L., cv. Žara) leaves. Plants were exposed to 350, 700, 1,500 and 3,000 ppm atmospheric CO 2 concentrations over ten days. Day/ night temperature was 24°C/17°C and photoperiod was 16 h. Carbohydrate (fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose) content analysis was performed using chromatographic methods. The content of chlorophyll was evaluated spectrophotometrically. The results showed that elevated CO 2 increases total carbohydrate content and changes in hexoses/sucrose ratio. A significant increase in chlorophyll content was only in 1,500 ppm treatment. Differences in photosynthetic productivity rate were within error margins. There was no effect on carbohydrate and chlorophyll contents in radish leaves seven days after returning plants to ambient CO 2 , though higher photosynthetic productivity rate was in radish, previously grown under 700 ppm CO 2 . In summary, leaf carbohydrate contents affect the intensity of photosynthetic pigment synthesis.
Effects of elevated CO 2 on the protein concentration of food crops: a meta-analysis
Global Change Biology, 2008
Meta-analysis techniques were used to examine the effect of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide [CO 2 ] on the protein concentrations of major food crops, incorporating 228 experimental observations on barley, rice, wheat, soybean and potato. Each crop had lower protein concentrations when grown at elevated (540-958 lmol mol À1) compared with ambient (315-400 lmol mol À1) CO 2. For wheat, barley and rice, the reduction in grain protein concentration was $ 10-15% of the value at ambient CO 2. For potato, the reduction in tuber protein concentration was 14%. For soybean, there was a much smaller, although statistically significant reduction of protein concentration of 1.4%. The magnitude of the CO 2 effect on wheat grains was smaller under high soil N conditions than under low soil N. Protein concentrations in potato tubers were reduced more for plants grown at high than at low concentrations of ozone. For soybean, the ozone effect was the reverse, as elevated CO 2 increased the protein concentration of soybean grown at high ozone concentrations. The magnitude of the CO 2 effect also varied depending on experimental methodology. For both wheat and soybean, studies performed in opentop chambers produced a larger CO 2 effect than those performed using other types of experimental facilities. There was also indication of a possible pot artifact as, for both wheat and soybean, studies performed in open-top chambers showed a significantly greater CO 2 effect when plants were rooted in pots rather than in the ground. Studies on wheat also showed a greater CO 2 effect when protein concentration was measured in whole grains rather than flour. While the magnitude of the effect of elevated CO 2 varied depending on the experimental procedures, a reduction in protein concentration was consistently found for most crops. These findings suggest that the increasing CO 2 concentrations of the 21st century are likely to decrease the protein concentration of many human plant foods.
Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 2011
Future forecasts for climate change predict the global mean surface air temperature rise by 1 -4 and double current atmospheric CO2 level before the end of 21 century. Increased atmospheric temperature and CO2 concentration are particularly important concerns for agricultural, horticultural and native plant production. In this study, effects of long-term exposure to elevated temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) on the growth and physiological responses of 3 cultivars of Chinese radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and 3 cultivars of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) were examined. In result, the radishes exposed to elevated CO2 for 90 days after sowing (DAS) resulted in little or no change in the root dry weights and the rate of photosynthesis compared with those grown in ambient levels of CO2. In contrast, long-term exposure to elevated CO2 in cabbage had variable effects on the leaf dry weight. As a result of acclimating to the elevated temperature, the radish 'Chunha' had a higher rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration than in the control condition. Furthermore, the long-term exposure to a combination condition of elevated temperature and CO2 increased root dry weights of the radishes 'Cheongdae' and 'Chunha' more than elevated temperature alone. The combination of elevated CO2 and temperature stimulated the growth of roots more than that of shoots in the radish 'Chunha', and thus may have led a higher rate of nutrient uptake than other radish cultivars. In contrast, when the cabbage 'Chun-gwang' was exposed to a combination of elevated temperature and CO2 for 90 DAS, the leaf dry weight decreased about 3-fold more than that only exposed to elevated CO2 with drastic decreases in stomatal conductance, internal CO2 and photosynthesis rate. When the cabbage 'Samjin' was exposed to either elevated temperature alone or both elevated temperature and CO2 for 80 DAS, the decrease in the leaf dry weight was less than that of the other cabbage cultivars. Results indicated that the radish 'Chunha' and the cabbage 'Samjin' tolerated either elevated temperature alone or combination condition of elevated temperature and CO2 more than other cultivars.