Novel encapsulation improves recovery of probiotic strains in fecal samples of human volunteers (original) (raw)
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Nutrients
Approximately 10 Bifidobacterium species are known to inhabit the human intestinal tract. Bifidobacteria have been reported to possess a variety of probiotic benefits. However, when bifidobacteria are consumed internally as probiotics, the bacteria are killed by gastric acid. Therefore, we developed acid-resistant microcapsules containing Bifidobacterium breve M-16V and B. longum BB536, which are unaffected by gastric acid, and evaluated whether the microcapsule formulation increased the amount of bifidobacteria in the stool after administration compared with the powder formulation. The results revealed no significant difference in the percentage or number of B. longum between before and after administration of the powder or microcapsule formulation in children. By contrast, the bacterial count of B. breve was significantly increased after microcapsule formulation administration (1.5 × 105 copies/g after administration versus 2.8 × 104 copies/g before administration, p = 0.013). In ...
2021
Background: The beneficial impact of probiotics on host health is impaired due to the significant loss of survivability during gastric transit, small intestinal enzymes, and bile acids. Encapsulation helps to preserve the probiotics species from severe environmental factors. This study investigated the effects of oral delivery of probiotics via microcapsule on different parameters of gut health. Methods: Lactobacillus paracasei, highly sensitive probiotic species to gastric acid, was encapsulated with novel encapsulating material, polyacrylate resin, to get a microcapsule. C57BL/6 male mice were equally divided into three groups; supplementing basal feed, a mixture of encapsulating material and Lactobacillus paracasei, and encapsulated Lactobacillus paracasei (microcapsule) for four weeks. Fecal moisture percentage was measured regularly, which was elevated in the encapsulated group, but not in the mixed group. Based on this data, mice from control and encapsulated groups were sacri...
Microencapsulation, survival and adherence studies of indigenous probiotics
African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2014
The aim of the study was to evaluate the adherence potential of indigenous probiotic bacteria and to improve the gastrointestinal survival of these cultures by adopting the double microencapsulation technique. The mean with standard deviation of triplicate experiments for the cell surface hydrophobicity, aggregation, and Cell adhesion evaluation of indigenous probiotics revealed that there was no significant difference in the hydrophobicity of both solvents (n-hexadecane and Xylene). A mixed trend was observed in the estimation for hydrophobicity; the indigenous Lactobacillus acidophilus was found with highest cell surface hydrophobicity (56.3%) and the lowest was found in Lactobacillus reuteri (28.1%). The Ca-alginate and prebiotics amalgum was used in double treatment and compared with control (free) and single encapsulated (Ca-alginate) cells in the stimulated gastric juice (SGJ) and stimulated intestinal juice (SIJ). The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) results show that the double microencapsulation technique has significant effects (P< 0.05) on the survival of bacterial cells during 6 weeks storage. A negligible reduction was found on day 42 in case of double microencapsulated cells as compared to significant adverse effects on the free cell. The loss was higher in single microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paracasei and zero loss for Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus. While a slight revival was observed in the free and single encapsulated bacteria in SIJ. Thus, combination of Ca-alginate and prebiotics significantly improves the viability and stress response of probiotics in the harsh GI conditions.
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2012
Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the administration of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 1815 with two combinations of microbially derived polysaccharides, xanthan:gellan gum (1%:0.75%) and jamilan:gellan gum (1%:1%), on the rat faecal microbiota. Methods and Results: A 10-day feeding study was performed for each polymer combination in groups of 16 rats fed either with placebo capsules, free or encapsulated L.plantarum or water. The composition of the faecal microbiota was analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis. Degradation of placebo capsules was detected, with increased levels of polysaccharide-degrading bacteria. Xanthan:gellan gum capsules were shown to reduce the Bifidobacterium population and increase the Clostridium histolyticum group levels, but not jamilan:gellan gum capsules. Only after administration of jamilan:gellan gum-probiotic capsules was detected a significant increase of Lactobacillus-Enterococcus group levels compared to controls (capsules and probiotic) as well as two bands were identified as L.plantarum in two profiles of ileum samples. Conclusions: Exopolysaccharides constitutes an interesting approach for colon-targeted delivery of probiotics, where jamilan:gellan gum capsules present better biocompatibility and promising results as a probiotic carrier. Significance and Impact of Study: This study introduces and highlights the importance of biological compatibility in the encapsulating material election, as they can modulate the gut microbiota by themselves, and the use of bacterial exopolysaccharides as a powerful source of new targeted-delivery coating material. © 2012The Authors Journal of Applied Microbiology © 2012 The Society for Applied Microbiology.
Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2020
Few studies have focused on dose-response analyses of multi-strain probiotics in the general adult population. This study aimed at comparing how a low-and high-dose of a multi-strain probiotic supplement (containing Lactobacillus helveticus R0052, Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011, Lactobacillus casei R0215, Pediococcus acidilactici R1001, Bifidobacterium breve R0070, Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum BB536, Lactobacillus plantarum R1012, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis R1058) affected microbiota composition, transit persistence and safety in adults. After a 7-d baseline, participants were randomized to receive capsules containing 5 or 25 billion CFU, or placebo daily for 28 days, followed by a 7-d washout. Digestive health and general wellness were assessed. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and strain persistence, by qPCR. Participants' gastrointestinal and general wellbeing were unaffected. No adverse events were associated with either dose. Supplemented strains contributed to the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera detected in stool, with 0.40 ± 0.11% and 0.51 ± 0.26%, respectively, in the high-dose group. Strain-specific qPCR assays revealed variable levels of post-intervention persistence between strains. Sequencing and composition analyses using the 16S V4 region revealed a decrease in Holdemania and increase in Bacteroidales. The formulation was well tolerated in this sample of the general adult population, even at the higher dose. The strains appear to have influenced microbiota composition minimally, as expected in the absence of dysbiosis, and consistently with the dose administered. Overall, the results provide a rationale to study the effects this formulation on microbiota composition in individuals exhibiting dysbiosis associated with metabolic disorders or obesity.
Lactic Acid Bacteria: Genetics, Metabolism and Applications, 1999
The enteric flora comprise approximately 95% of the total number of cells in the human body and are capable of eliciting immune responses while also protecting against microbial pathogens. However, the resident bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) may also be implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The University College Cork-based Probiotic Research Group has successfully isolated and identified lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which exhibit beneficial probiotic traits. These characteristics include the demonstration of bile tolerance; acid resistance; adherence to host epithelial tissue; and in vitro antagonism of potentially-pathogenic micro-organisms or those which have been implicated in promoting inflammation. The primary objective of this report is to describe the strategy adopted for the selection of potentially effective probiotic bacteria. The study further describes the evaluation of two members of the resulting panel of micro-organisms (Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius UCC118 and Bifidobacterium longum infantis 35624) under in vitro conditions and throughout in vivo murine and human feeding trials. Specifically, an initial feeding study completed in Balb/c mice focused upon (i) effective delivery of the probiotic micro-organisms to the GIT and evaluation of the ability of the introduced strains to survive transit through, and possibly colonise, the murine GIT; (ii) accepting the complexity of the hostile GIT and faecal environments, development of a method of enumerating the introduced bacterial strains using conventional microbiological techniques; and (iii) assessment of the effects of administered bacterial strains on the numbers of specific recoverable indigenous bacteria in the murine GIT and faeces. Additional research, exploiting the availability of murine models of inflammatory bowel disease, demonstrated the beneficial effects of administering probiotic combinations of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118 and Bifidobacterium longum infantis 35624 in prevention of illness-related weight loss. A further ethically-approved feeding trial, successfully conducted in 80 healthy volunteers, demonstrated that yoghurt can be used as a vehicle for delivery of Lactobacillus salivarius strain UCC118 to the human GIT with considerable efficacy in influencing gut flora and colonisation.
Significance of probiotic encapsulation and deficiencies within
2018
Health stimulating claims attributed to probiotics are dependent on their viability and numbers in the intestinal tract. Probiotics must survive to reach the small intestine and colonize there for appropriate hindrance and control of several gastrointestinal diseases. Microencapsulation is considered to be a promising approach to improve the survival rates of probiotic microorganisms by providing a physical barrier against harsh conditions mainly against acidity, drying during processing, oxygen toxicity and temperature to protect microorganisms and to deliver them into the gut. Encapsulated probiotics also have been found to augment the sensory properties of probiotics containing products. Specific use of the proper encapsulating material for particular probiotic cells determines the efficacy of the process. Development of carbohydrates or protein based protective matrix compatible to probiotics added more robustness in process. Although, none of the methods used for encapsulation ...
Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease, 2002
In severa l intestinal disease states, altered micro ora, impaired gut barrier and:or intestinal in ammation offer a rationale for the effective therapeut ic use of probiotic microorganisms. However , for most candidat e probiotic organisms there is a lack of evidence detailing their characterisation and effects on host ora and immunity. We have previously reported the isolation and characterisation, from surgically resected segment s of the huma n gastrointestinal tract (GIT), of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB). We have also described subsequen t animal experimen ts that evaluated the establishment , persistence and localisation of speci c probiotic Lactobacillus strains within the murine intestinal tract, in addition to their ability to in uence the developmen t of murine in ammatory disorders. In these studies, transit and surviva l of Lactobacillus salivarius U CC118 at the ileum was demonstrat ed using enteral tube sampling of six healthy volunteer s following consumption of a single dose (150 ml) of fermented milk-born e probiotic (10 8 colony forming units per ml (CF U :ml)). Subsequently, we performed a randomised controlled trial of 80 volunteer s fed strain UCC118 (10 8 CF U:day for 21 d), using two oral delivery vehicles (fresh milk, n ¾ 20 vs. fermented milk, n ¾ 20; controls, n ¾ 20 for each). Throughout this feeding period , and for up to 100 days following cessation of feeding, the number s of total culturable lactobacilli and of the administered Lactobacillus U CC118 present in faeces were monitored. F ive subjects (5:40; fresh milk, four; fermented milk, one) were still excretin g the probiotic lactobacilli 21 days post-cessatio n of feeding, while one subject (fermented milk) was still colonised up to 100 days after feeding. Consumpt ion of fermented milk-born e UCC118 cells resulted in signi cantly increased levels of faecal-borne enterococci and lactobacilli. N umber s of bi dobacteria, coliforms and bacteroides were not signi cantly altered. In addition, changes in salivary IgA levels against U CC118 cells and increased granulocyt e phagocytic activity were observed following consumption of the fermented milk-borne probiotic. In summary, Lactobacillus UCC118 was found to effectively transit (and persist within) the human intestinal tract, to modify the faeca l ora and to engage the immune system.