Produção De Biogás a Partir De Silagem De Sorgo Doce e Resíduos Animais (original) (raw)
Related papers
Biogas yield from sorghum bicolor of Biomass 140 variety
2012
The paper presents results of physicochemical analysis of sorghum bicolor of Biomass 140 variety and pig liquid manure. Sorghum silage of different degree of chaff length was subjected to methane fermentation in two variants, taking the quality of pig liquid manure as a criterion. German standard DIN 38 414-S8 constituted a methodological basis. It was proved that both at better as well as at worse physicochemical parameters of pig liquid manure, sorghum bicolor silage of Biomass 140 variety may obtain high yield of methane in biogas. Research results prove that sorghum silage may be successfully used as a substrate for biogas plants. Sorghum because of its low water and soil requirements may constitute an alternative for maize on weaker stands. Sorghum ensilage method is the same as an ensilage technique of the most popular substrate for biogas plants, i.e. maize. During 26-days methane fermentation the highest average biogas yield was reported in a sample with silage A in variant ...
Effect of nitrogen fertilization on the production of biogas from sweet sorghum and maize biomass
Environmental Technology, 2019
The aim of the study was to determine the biogas productivity from selected cultivars of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) and maize (Zea mays L.) depending on the dose of mineral fertilization with nitrogen. The topic is novelty in the northern Poland area due to the fact that this crop is not very widespread here. 2 The silage samples were derived from two experiments: 1) two factors experiment with sorghum varieties (Arbatax, KWS Maja, Herkules) and two doses of mineral nitrogen fertilization (0 and 150 kg•ha-1 N) in split-plot design. 2) one-factor experiment with fodder maize, variety NK Magitop, and two doses of mineral nitrogen fertilization (0 and 150 kg•ha-1 N) in a randomized complete block design. The experiment was performed in four replications in the split-plot design. Methane fermentation was carried out under mesophilic conditions. The temperature of the process was 37°C±1°C, while pH 7±0.1. The content of total solids in the bioreactor was 7.0%. The composition of the gas produced was measured once a day with the use of an automatic biogas analyser (GFM 416, GasData). The trial was run in triplicate until the daily yield was less than 1% of the cumulative biogas yield (DIN 38 414-S8). Sorghum was characterized by higher average biogas productivity (about 12%), higher methane content in biogas (about 10%), and higher methane productivity (about 43%). It can, therefore, be stated that sorghum represents as an alternative plant to maize for the purpose of biogas production.
Evaluation of maximum biogas production capacity from different feedstocks: An experimental study
Poljoprivredna tehnika, 2020
This study reveals the maximum biogas production capacity of different biomass using plant and animal waste material as feedstock. A comparative experiment conducted under anaerobic condition showed that biogas yield from poultry litter (28 liters) was higher than that of rice husk (18 liters) in a 30day retention time. However, the yield of biogas was significantly influenced by the composition of the waste feedstock and the environmental conditions within the reactor. The poultry litter had already undergone some digestion process before it was excreted by the birds, which means their bonds were broken by digestive organisms which made the anaerobic digestion process to be easily accomplished. Similarly, the rice husk had a low gas production rate due to the presence of high lignin properties because rice is a lignin cellulose material. Therefore, for optimum gas production, the waste should be pretreated at lower temperate region to increase the digestion temperature since temperature exerts a major influence in biogas production.
Biogas potential of swine manure of different animal classes
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
In regions with developed animal husbandry, there is a problem of utilization of animal waste, which could be used as raw material for biogas production. In Russia most of the stations are designed and built by foreign companies taking into account generalized data on the properties of substrate. The particular characteristics of the local raw materials and substrates are not considered in the design process. Subsequently, this factor negatively affects the efficiency of biogas plants. In order to solve the problem, it is necessary to study the biogas potential of local substrates. The novelty of this work is to identify the peculiarities of pig manure as a substrate for biogas production depending on the classes of animals and the place of origin of raw materials. The goal of the present study of biogas potential of swine manure of different classes of animals (pregnant sows, lactating sows, piglets, fattening pigs) in Belgorod region of Russia. The experiment was carried out in smallscale batch reactors with the volume of 0.3 L each. Specific biogas yield from pig manure of different classes of animals ranged from 76.73 ± 11.77 to 151.42 ± 20.18 m n 3 /t оDM, methane content-from 29.79 to 66.88%. In general, pig manure showed low biogas productivity. The highest rates were achieved at manure of sows. Taking into account the developed industry of pig breeding, biogas technologies, however, are the most optimal option of liquid manure utilization for the Belgorod region of Russia and are promising for many regions of the world with intensive animal breeding. When designing biogas plants, the specifics of local substrates should be taken into account.
Evaluation of Biogas Yield of Selected Ratios of Cattle, Swine, and Poultry Wastes
International Journal of Green Energy, 2016
Production of biogas from animal wastes could lessen the problems of energy shortage and indiscriminate animal waste disposal. A study of anaerobic digestion of selected ratios of cattle, swine, and poultry wastes was carried out to evaluate their biogas yields. Cattle (C), swine (S), and poultry (P) wastes were mixed as C:S:P in the following ratios: 1:0:0 (control), 1:0:1, 4:1:3, 2:1:1, 4:3:1, and 1:1:0 by mass to obtain six samples of of 0.4 kg each, referred to as samples 1 to 6 respectively. A quantity (0.1 kg) of inoculum (obtained by pre-fermenting equal masses of poultry waste and water for 50 days under anaerobic condition) and 0.5 kg of water were added to each of the samples. The resulting slurries were digested in triplicates for 30 days in 1.3 L laboratory-scale anaerobic digesters. The volume of biogas produced was obtained by downward displacement of water in a measuring cylinder. The cumulative biogas yields of samples 1 to 6 were 332.5, 497.5, 487.5, 467.5, 457.5, a...
International Journal of Green Energy, 13 (4); 366-372, 2016
Production of biogas from animal wastes could lessen the problems of energy shortage and indiscriminate animal waste disposal. A study of anaerobic digestion of selected ratios of cattle, swine and poultry wastes was carried out to evaluate their biogas yields. Cattle (C), swine (S), and poultry (P) wastes were mixed in the ratio C:S:P of 1:0:0 (control), 1:0:1, 4:1:3, 2:1:1, 4:3:1, 1:1:0 by mass to obtain six samples of mass 0.4 kg each, referred to as samples 1 to 6 respectively. A quantity (0.1 kg) of inoculum (obtained by pre-fermenting equal masses of poultry waste and water for 50 days under anaerobic condition) and 0.5 kg of water were added to each of the samples. The resulting slurries were digested in triplicates for 30 days in 1.3 litres laboratory-scale anaerobic digesters. The volume of biogas produced was obtained by downward displacement of water in a measuring cylinder. The cumulative biogas yields of samples 1 to 6 were 332.5, 497.5, 487.5, 467.5, 457.5 and 430.0 cm3/kg slurry respectively. The cumulative biogas yields of samples 2 and 3 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of the other samples but not significantly (p > 0.05) different from each other. However, the cumulative biogas yield of sample 1 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of the other samples. The study revealed that a blend of equal masses of cattle and poultry wastes is optimum for biogas production
Abstract: A comparative study of biogas yield from mixed and mono-substrate agricultural wastes was carried out Thirteen (13) substrates as treatments A-M: 100% cowdung (A), com cob (B) aid poultry manure (C); 50/50 (w/w) of A+B (D), A+C (E), and B+C (F), 75/25 (w/w) of A+B (G), A+C (H), and B+C 0); 25/75 (w/w) of A+B (J); A+C (K), B+C (L) and 1:1:1 w/w mixtures of A+B+C treatment M were used. Slurries made by mixing 1 kg of each of these substrates with 3L of water (1:3 ration w/v) were loaded into a 13.6l locally fabricated digester. Three replicates per treatment of these batch-digestion systems were kept 8 week retention period. Initial weight of each digester and its content were taken. Parameters on mean volume of biogas produced, weight and temperature variations were determined weekly. Mean volume of biogas production and weight loss increased with digestion time and were significantly correlated except at the 7th and 8th weeks when there was a decreased in temperature. Treatments Hand B recorded the highest and lowest mean volume of biogas of 621.0ml/kg and 348.7ml/kg respectively at week 6. While single substrates (100% A, B and C) gave a mean cumulative volume of biogas of 1996.7 ml/kg, 2628.2ml/kg, 2238.8ml/kg, 2090.2ml/kg and 2200.7ml/kg were recorded for mixed substrates of 50/50%, 75/25%, 25/75% and 1:1:1 ratios respectively. At the same time the highest temperature of 44.1 ± 0.30C was recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the parameters were significantly different (P<0.05). This technology therefore provide a means of reducing ago waste biomass which could have constituted health hazard as well as environmental pollution. Keywords: Biomass, Biogas, Digesters,
Searching for possibilities to improve the performance of full scale agricultural biogas plants
Biogas plants have been widely used to both reclaim bio-energy from agricultural waste and to treat waste; however, the efficiency of these biogas plants has yet to be determined. In this study, the performance of five full scale biogas plants treating chicken manure (CM), pig manure (PM), a mixture of chicken and pig manure (MM), dairy manure (DM), and maize straw (MS) were investigated. The results showed that CM had the highest total energy (16.4 KJ/g-TS) and the MM had the highest bio-available energy (10.2 g-COD/g-TS). The CM plant adopted a suitable hydraulic retention time (HRT) but the other plants used a much longer HRT than necessary. The methane production from CM, PM, MM, and DM was improved by 12%, 22%, 32% and 25% with the addition of trace metals, and this also resulted in an increment in the methanogenic activity for CM, PG, MM and MS. The pH stability of all the biogas plants was maintained at an acceptable level; nevertheless, the high pH and ammonium in the CM digester negatively affected the methanogenic activity. The results, therefore, conclusively indicated that the operation of the biogas plants could be more effective.
Co-digestion of Sorghum Stalk and Sludge for Biogas Production
Makara Journal of Science, 2015
The recycling of residual agricultural biomass using anaerobic digestion allows for the recovery of biomass carbon and nutrients as sources of energy and fertilizer. The obstacles that are encountered in this process include the lignocellulosic structure of biomass tissue and its high carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio. This study evaluates the codigestion system of pretreated sorghum stalks and wastewater sludge. The stalks were pretreated by partial biooxidation to improve their bacterial accessibility. The digesters were fed a mixture of stalk and sludge at ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, and 40:60 (total solids [TS] basis). The digesters were run in batches at 35-36 °C, with an initial TS of 15%. The digesters' performance was evaluated in terms of biogas production rate and yield. The digesters that were run with feed ratios of 80:20 and 60:40 showed shorter lag phase, higher biogas generation rates, and higher biogas yields compared to those run with feed ratios of 100:0 and 40:60. The highest specific biogas production (of 122 L/kg TS) was achieved by the digesters run at ratios of 80:20 and 60:40. The digesters run only with stalks (ratio 100:0) resulted in specific gas production of 67 L/kg TS, whereas those fed on a feed ratio of 40:60 generated only 13 L/kg TS. We conclude that the co-digestion of sorghum stalks and wastewater sludge at a proper ratio improves biogas production. Abstrak Pencernaan Campuran Batang Sorgum dan Sludge untuk Produksi Biogas. Daur ulang residu biomassa pertanian menggunakan pencernaan anaerobik memungkinkan untuk memanfaatkan karbon dan nutrisi dari biomassa tersebut sebagai sumber energi dan pupuk. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam proses ini meliputi struktur lignoselulosa biomassa dan nisbah karbon terhadap nitrogen (C:N) yang tinggi. Studi ini mengevaluasi sistem pencernaan campuran batang sorgum dan sludge penanganan limbah cair industri. Sebelumnya dilakukan perlakuan awal terhadap batang sorgum dengan bio-oksidasi parsial untuk meningkatkan aksesibilitas bakteri terhadap biomassa tersebut. Digester diberi umpan campuran batang sorgum dan lumpur pada nisbah 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, dan 40:60 (basis total padatan [TS]). Digester dioperasikan secara curah pada 35-36 °C, dengan TS awal 15%. Kinerja digester dievaluasi berdasarkan laju produksi dan volume biogas. Digester yang dioperasikan dengan rasio umpan 80:20 dan 60:40 menunjukkan fase adaptasi yang lebih pendek, laju generasi biogas yang lebih tinggi, dan volume produksi biogas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan hasil yang diperoleh dari digester yang dioperasikan dengan rasio umpan 100:0 dan 40:60. Produksi biogas spesifik tertinggi (122 L/kg TS) dicapai pada digester yang dioperasikan pada nisbah 80:20 dan 60:40. Digester yang dioperasikan dengan umpan batang sorgum saja (nisbah 100:0) menghasilkan produksi biogas spesifik 67 L/kg TS, sedangkan yang diberi umpan dengan nisbah 40:60 hanya menghasilkan 13 L/kg TS. Disimpulkan bahwa pencernaan campuran batang sorgum dan sludge pada proporsi yang tepat meningkatkan produksi biogas.
Characterisation of Fruit and Vegetable Waste with Cow Dung for Maximizing the Biogas Yield
— The biogas production and methane (CH 4) enrichment for anaerobic digestion (AD) of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW). The biogas production and methane content of fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) degradation were evaluated against a treatment combination with a cow dung at a Ratio of FVW to Cow dung T1 (cow dung alone), T2 (1:3), T3 (1:1), T4 (3:1),and T5 (FVW alone). The digesters were operated for 80 days. The highest total methane yields about 78.35% was obtained from the cow dung digester (T1). The highest production of biogas yield (7552.67 ml) was observed in T1 and the lowest biogas production rate (2652.83ml) was from a reactor operated by FVW alone. Similar to the biogas yield, higher percentage of methane was produced in 1.Anaerobic digestion; vegetable and fruit wastes of high calorific contents can be transformed to a source of energy through the production of biogas in this day and age of energy insufficiencies. Role in maximizing the process of anaerobic digestion through speeding up hydrolysis and to compare production potentials of commonly available wastes in Addis Ababa for possible co-digestion in large scale production of biogas. Thermo-chemical pre-treatment was the most effective for speeding up hydrolysis with the co-digested substrates producing maximum biogas. The moisture content ranged between 67-83%. The pH reduced from 6.8-7.2 before digestion to 6.2-6.8 after digestion. The desired C: N ratio was between 18:1 to 32:1 for Anaerobic Digestion. The gas produced was found to contain 63.89% methane, 33.12% CO 2 and 3% other gases.