Comparative Morphogenesis of Mouth Parts Sensilla Between the Leptocybe invasa and Ophelimus maskelli (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Its Relationship to Their Vital Capacity (original) (raw)
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Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, D. Histology & Histochemistry
The ovipositor is heavily populated with insect sensory structures (sensilla). Sensilla, therefore, play a significant role in oviposition, stinging, and the process of choosing a host. Based on the types, numbers, and distributions of sensory organs, one can deduce how they function. These biological parameters have been tested. In this study, the external sensilla on the ovipositor of Leptocype invasa (Fisher and La Salle) and Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead) were described (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae). In Egypt, these two inducer bug species primarily affected Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Using electron scanning microscopy, the sensilla were categorized based on their size, distribution, and shape; some may even have sense organs visible. At the level of the ovipositor, it was possible to distinguish eight different types of sensilla on the L. invasa and O. maskelli species' ovipositors. With 50 sensilla along the ovipositor on L. invasa against more than 40 sensilla on O. maskelli in the current study, L. invasa had a higher overall sensilla count than O. maskelli. While results tend to suggest that L. invasa is more specialized for laying eggs than O. maskelli, it may be because O. maskelli lays eggs all over the leaf blade while L. invasa species lay eggs on the middle race, necessitating greater differentiation in the puncture area. The qualitative and numerical difference for the type of sensilla in both species on ovipositor in favour of L. invasa was what explained the results obtained from the tested biological parameters given. Despite the fact that O. maskelli and L. invasa have different body sizes in favour of L. invasa, L. invasa has a larger reproductive tract with a wider diversity of sensilla types.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
Insects have several sensory (sensilla) structures on their antennae, which are crucial for the concept of environmental cues as well as host recognition and positioning strategies. Sensilla thus have a significant impact on how parasite hosts locate, classify, and maybe accept a host. Based on the types, numbers, and locations of sensory organs, it is possible to deduce how they perform certain tasks. The examined biological variables are listed. The purpose of this work was to describe the external sensilla found on the antennae of Ophelimus Maskelli (Ashmead) and Leptocype Invasa (Fisher and La Salle) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae). In Egypt, Eucalyptus camaldulensis was primarily plagued by these two inducer insects. The sensilla have been labelled according to their distribution, size, and shape. May also use scanning electron microscopy to reveal sensory organs. On the antennae of L. invasa, sensilla were dispersed in six different types, while on the antennae of O. maskelli, they were placed in nine different types. According to this study, O. maskelli had more sensilla overall than L. invasa; along the antenna, O. maskelli had 100 sensilla compared to L. invasa more than 37 sensilla. The results from the measured biological characteristics were explained by the qualitative and quantitative differences in the sensilla types of the two species on the antenna, favouring O. Maskelli. The results tended to show that O. Maskelli was the strongest rival that could displace L. invasa.
Munis Entomology & Zoology, 2022
Deudorix isocrates (Fab.) is one of the serious pests of pomegranate. The morphology of mouthparts and presence of various sensilla were found significant to understand pest activity and taxonomic features. The larva has of biting and cutting mouthparts. The labrum, mandibles and maxillolabial-hypopharyngeal complex exhibit various types of sensilla which have significant role in olfaction and gustatory sense. The present investigation revealed presence of sensory setae and sensilla basiconica on the labrum. The mandibles are cutting type which shows curved and sharp incisor teeth. Four sensory setae are observed on outer surface of mandible. The maxillolabial-hypopharyngeal complex is morphologically general lepidopterous type with some specific characteristics. The labial and maxillary components have various sensilla. The labium bears paired sensillar pegs on anterior margin of premental sclerite and two sensilla on each labial palp. The maxillary palp has eight sensilla basiconica on distal tip and a sensilla placodeum on the lateral wall. The galea on its distal surface exhibits three sensilla trichodea, two sensilla styloconica, which are termed as lateral sensilla styloconica, and medial sensilla styloconica and three sensilla basiconica. Besides sensilla from dorsal surface there is a companiform sensilla located midventrally on the anterior wall of galea.
FLORESTA
Oviposição de Leptocybe invasa (hymenoptera: eulophidae) e alterações morfológicas em eucalyptus spp. genótipos sensíveis. O eucalipto é cultivado em todo o mundo para diversos fins, como para a produção de madeira, lenha, celulose e óleos essenciais. O eucalipto foi introduzido no Brasil em 1904, e seu cultivo vem crescendo desde então, com cerca de 5,57 milhões de hectares de plantações em 2014. Esse aumento nas plantações favoreceu as populações de insetos nativos, alguns insetos se tornaram pragas, enquanto outras pragas de insetos exóticos foram introduzidos, como a vespa (Leptocybe invasa), que se deposita na nervura central das folhas, pecíolos e brotações jovens, causando a formação de galhas que comprometem o crescimento normal das plantas. Com o objetivo de avaliar as alterações morfológicas nos genótipos de Eucalyptus spp., causados pela formação de galhas, foi estudada a anatomia, qualitativa e quantitativamente dos feixes vasculares. Os resultados mostraram que a oviposição ocorreu nos 4 genótipos estudados, porém a formação de galhas não ocorreu no genótipo 1404, classificado como resistente, enquanto a suscetibilidade foi baixa no genótipo 1277, media no genótipo 1724 e muito alta no genótipo 1262. Os feixes vasculares e as células do parênquima nas folhas e pecíolos foram desorganizados. O surgimento de insetos adultos causou rupturas nas células vasculares, parênquima e epiderme, resultando em necrose e seca foliar.
Florida Entomologist, 2017
Blue gum chalcid, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), causes galling damage to Eucalyptus species (Myrtaceae) in various regions of the world, but has been controlled effectively by its primary parasitoid, Selitrichodes neseri Kelly & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the recovery of S. neseri after its initial release on Eucalyptus plants in Brazil and to provide data on its biology. Selitrichodes neseri was imported from South Africa to Brazil for the biological control of L. invasa, in Mar 2015, and recovered from Aug 2015 to Dec 2016. Successful recovery of this parasitoid shows its potential to become established in the field. Seedlings of 2 hybrids obtained from crosses between rose gum Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill. ex Maiden and flooded gum Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake and between Eucalyptus sp. and (river red gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. × E. grandis) showed potential as hosts for culture of S. neseri on L. invasa in the laboratory because up until the adult parasitoid emergence these seedlings did not wilt. When reared at 25.1 to 26.0 °C, the total number of parasitoids and the proportion of male parasitoids were highest, relative to hosts reared at 26.1 to 27.0 °C. Peak emergence of S. neseri occurred 28 d after parasitism.
Leptocybe invasa (Fisher & LaSalle) and Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead) are two new invasive pests, originating from Australia, which are spreading quickly in the Mediterranean countries, Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Leptocybe invasa causes typical bump-shaped galls on the leaf midribs, petioles and stems of new growth of several Eucalyptus species and O. maskelli induces small round galls on both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. Field sampling was conducted with the aim to determine differences in susceptibility between E. camaldulensis and E. globulus, two host species of economic importance frequent in Portugal. Differences in susceptibility to L. invasa were found for the two species, a hybrid population and between families of Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus. Results demonstrated interspecific and intraspecific susceptibility variations. In order to understand the intraspecific variations, physical and chemical traits of the most susceptible and resistant genotypes were analyzed further. Physical analyses of Eucalyptus leaves by thickness measurements and leaf surface observations by SEM did not reveal significant differences between susceptible and resistant genotypes. On the contrary, chemical analyses concerning chemical fingerprints by NIRS and leaf volatiles by GC-MS revealed significant differences.
The enemy hypothesis: correlates of gall morphology with parasitoid attack rates in two closely rela
2012
We tested the enemy hypothesis for gall morphology on a model system comprising two Diplolepis rose gall wasp species and their associated parasitoids. The enemy hypothesis predicts both that gall traits will influence parasitoid attack rates within species, and that galls with contrasting morphologies will support different parasitoid communities. This hypothesis is supported by studies at both intraspecific and broader taxonomic levels (i.e. between genera), but patterns remain to be explored in closely related species. Our aims were to explore the relationships between aspects of gall morphology (number of larval chambers, overall gall size and thickness of the gall wall) in each of Diplolepis mayri and D. rosae, and to explore correlations between these traits and both the presence/absence (= incidence) and attack rates imposed by parasitoids. We found in both galls that chamber number is positively correlated with gall size. In galls of D. mayri, parasitoid incidence was negatively correlated with thickness of the wall of the larval chamber, but there was no significant correlation between parasitoid attack rates and overall gall size. In D. rosae galls, parasitoid incidence was positively correlated with chamber wall thickness, but parasitoid attack rates were negatively correlated with gall size, suggesting that selection may favour the induction of galls containing more larval chambers. These results confirm that gall extended phenotypes can significantly influence enemy attack rates, consistent with the 'enemy hypothesis'. Further, differences in gall morphology between the two Diplolepis species may underlie differences in their associated parasitoid communitiesfurther research is required to test this hypothesis.
International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology, 1998
The external morphology and distribution of sensilla on maxillary and labial palpi are described for 2 Australian cave!dwelling cockroach species\ Paratemnopteryx stonei\ P[ howarthi\ and P[ sp[ nov "Blattaria ] Blattellidae#\ using scanning electron microscopy[ The apex of the maxillary palpus expands ventrally into a~exible pad with a distinct sensillar _eld[ The total number of sensilla ranges from 0934 "males#Ð0375 "females#[ Sensillar _elds of females are larger and contain more sensilla than those of the males\ although the density of sensilla is usually equal or greater for males[ Papilla!like groove!and!slit chemoreceptors comprise 82Ð86) of the sensilla[ Two types of trichoid sensilla occur along with bifurcuted sensilla and rare basiconic sensilla that are poreless and have an in~exible socket[ Chaetic sensilla occur on all species and several thousand pectinate scales\ with bulbous bases\ and spicules are present in large _elds on each side of the sensillar _eld[ The apex of the labial palpus is only slightly expanded into a sensillar _eld[ Sensillar diversity is similar to the maxillary palpus but there are only 4Ð18) as many sensilla\ the number ranging from 86 "males#Ð235 "females#[ Sensillar _elds of females are slightly to much larger than those of males but the sensillar density is equal between the sexes or greater on males[ Two types of trichoid and one or two types of basiconic sensilla occur on each species[ Chaetic chemoreceptors are present along with three types of non! socket spines[ Sensilla varied moderately in morphology and gender!related abundance from those on epigean cockroach species[ Þ 0887 Elsevier Science Ltd[ All rights reserved[ Index descriptors "in addition to those in the title#] chemoreceptors\ morphology\ maxillary palpus\ labial palpus\ insects[ Corresponding author ] Tel[ ] 99 406 663 2344^e!mail ] roger[g[ blandÝcmich[edu 180