Decreased Systolic Function and Inadequate Hypertrophy in Large and Small Breed Dogs with Chronic Mitral Valve Insufficiency (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2015
Background: Early recognition of left-sided congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) is important because it influences medical therapy, timing of follow-up, and outcome. Hypothesis: Pulmonary vein diameter-to-pulmonary artery diameter ratio (PV/PA) measured by echocardiography can predict CHF. Animals: Ninety-eight client-owned dogs, 37 controls, and 61 dogs with DMVD. Methods: Prospective clinical cohort study. History, physical examination and Doppler-echocardiography were performed. Dogs were classified as International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council class I, II or III. Congestive heart failure was identified in a subset of 56 dogs based on radiographic findings. The PV/PA was measured in bidimensional (2D) and M-mode by 2 investigators blinded to the radiologists' conclusions. Results: Interobserver coefficients of variation for PV/PA acquisition and measurement were <10%. The PV/PA in control dogs was approximately 1 and increased with class of heart failure. The presence of CHF could be best predicted by measuring PV/PA in 2D echocardiography (cut-off, 1.7; area under the curve, 0.98; CI, 0.97-0.98; P < .001) with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 91%. Conclusion and clinical importance: The PV/PA is a simple and reproducible echocardiographic variable that increases with class of heart failure and may help discriminate dogs in CHF from asymptomatic dogs with DMVD. Additional studies are required to determine whether PV/PA might provide additional information in the integrated interpretation of Dopplerechocardiographic indices of left ventricular filling pressures and could be used for rapid assessment of CHF in dogs in a critical care setting.
PARAmETERS IN DOGS wITH mITRAL VALVE DISEASE
2011
For several years, the 'One Health' concept has sought to address health from a more global point of view, because of the close links between human and animal health and the environment. Ceva Santé Animale is committed to this collaborative approach, applied here to cardiology, one of its sectors of expertise. The first joint cardiology symposium organized by Ceva Santé Animale two years ago in Bordeaux was a big success among experts in both human and veterinary cardiology. The scientists particularly appreciated the chance to pool their results and study similarities and differences between the human and canine contexts. The second joint human and veterinary cardiology symposium is a logical follow-up of the First one, and took place over the weekend of 1st and 2nd October 2011. Over one hundred world experts in human and veterinary cardiology were welcomed to Bordeaux. The specialists spent all day cardiology were welcomed to Bordeaux. The specialists spent all day cardiology Saturday discussing the latest research. Each theme was addressed in turn from the human and veterinary medicine viewpoints, and the rich discussions brought up plenty of ideas on both sides. This report contains the proceedings of each presentation and a summary of the discussions that came out during each session. We hope you will enjoy reading it.
Journal of Veterinary Cardiology
Objectives: To identify the predictive value on time to onset of heart failure (HF) or cardiac death of clinical, radiographic, and echocardiographic variables, as well as cardiac biomarkers N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin I in dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Animals: One hundred sixty-eight dogs with preclinical MMVD and left atrium to aortic root ratio !1.6 (LA:Ao) and normalized left ventricular end-diastolic diameter !1.7 were included. Methods: Prospective, randomized, multicenter, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Clinical, radiographic, echocardiographic variables and plasma cardiac biomarkers concentrations were compared at different time points. Using receiving operating curves analysis, best cutoff for selected variables was identified and the risk to develop the study endpoint at six-month intervals was calculated. Results: Left atrial to aortic root ratio >2.1 (hazard ratio [HR] 3.2, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.9e5.6), normalized left ventricular end-diastolic diameter > 1.9 (HR: 6.3; 95% CI: 3.3e11.8), early transmitral peak velocity (E peak) > 1 m/sec (HR: 3.9; 95% CI: 2.3e6.7), and NT-proBNP > 1500 rmol/L (HR: 5.7; 95% CI: 3.3e9.5) were associated with increased risk of HF or cardiac death. The best fit model to predict the risk to reach the endpoint was represented by the plasma NT-proBNP concentrations adjusted for LA:Ao and E peak. Conclusions: Logistic and survival models including echocardiographic variables and NT-proBNP can be used to identify dogs with preclinical MMVD at higher risk to develop HF or cardiac death.
Diagnosis, Prognosis, Management, Treatment, Research and Advances in Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy
2021
Dilated cardiomyopathy involves enlargement of the ventricular chamber and systolic dysfunction. The reduction in quality of life and increased levels of congestive heart failure, combined with the high diagnosis rate within the canine population, highlights the need for research into this disorder. This chapter looks at prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. It details the disease pathology and physiology through to present clinical practices and studies to support prevention and treatment. This chapter also looks at the research being undertaken to further understand cardiomyopathies in dogs and develop new interventions. This ranges from fatty acids profiles to genetics and even personalized medicine and comparisons with human cardiomyopathy.
Value of cardiac markers in dogs with chronic mitral valve disease
Acta veterinaria, 2009
The aim of this study was to assess the role of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), troponin T (cTnT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and MB isoenzyme of CK (CK-MB) concentrations in the detection of cardiac injury in dogs with chronic mitral valve disease (CMVD). Fiftyfive dogs with echocardiographic diagnosis of CMVD defined as cardiac thrill (Ct) and non-cardiac thrill (nCt) by auscultation-palpation, and ten control dogs were studied. Serum was extracted from a blood sample from each dog. Analysis of serum cTnI, cTnT, LDH and CK-MB concentrations were performed. Mean ± SD serum cTnI concentration was 1.9 ± 0.38 ng/mL in group-Ct and 1.75 ± 0.27 ng/mL in group-nCt, and cTnI concentrations in both the subgroups were significantly higher than in the control dogs (P<0.01). cTnT and CK-MB concentrations were 0.031 ± 0.02 ng/mL and 83.5 ± 88.4 IU/L in group-Ct and 0.024 ± 0.01 ng/mL and 51.6 ± 47.4 IU/L in group-nCt, respectively. Mean cTnT and CK-MB concentrations in group-Ct were significantly higher than in control dogs (P<0.01, P<0.05). LDH concentration was 918 ± 136.4 IU/L in group-Ct and 351 ± 140.7 IU/L in group-nCt. A significant difference in serum LDH concentrations was observed between the 3 studied groups (P<0.05). In this study, compared with clinically healthy dogs, significant increases in serum cTnI, cTnT, LDH and CK-MB concentrations were detected in dogs with CMVD. The findings of this study indicate that the biochemical markers activity elevated with severity of the disease in dogs with CMVD. Measurement of cardiac troponins, as the newer markers than LDH and CK-MB concentrations, may be useful in the detection of cardiac injury and prognosis in dogs with CMVD.
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2016
Background: Veterinary literature lacks data about cardiovascular-renal disorders (CvRD) and cardiorenal-anemia syndrome (CRAS) in dogs. Hypothesis: A direct correlation exists between ACVIM class and IRIS stage; chronic kidney disease (CKD) complicates chronic mitral valve disease (CMVD) more often than does anemia in dogs. Animals: One hundred and fifty-eight client-owned dogs with CMVD. Methods: Signalment, physical examination findings, electrocardiography, thoracic radiographs, echocardiography, and blood analysis were retrospectively evaluated to assess the prevalence of CKD and anemia in dogs with CMVD and to investigate the relationships among ACVIM class, IRIS stage, and survival. Results: The prevalence of CKD and anemia in dogs with CMVD was significantly higher than in the general population of dogs. Dogs being treated for heart failure had a significantly higher prevalence of CKD than did dogs that had not received treatment. A statistically significant direct correlation was found between ACVIM class and IRIS stage. Severe heart disease, severe renal disease or both, furosemide administration, and advanced age at diagnosis of heart disease were associated with shorter survival time. Survival time of dogs affected by CvRD was statistically shorter than survival time of dogs affected by CMVD alone. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Chronic mitral valve disease is associated with increased prevalence of CKD and anemia in dogs. Treatment for medical management of heart failure may play a role in inducing CKD. Class of heart disease and IRIS stage were directly correlated. Cardiovascular-renal disorders decrease survival time compared to the only presence of CMVD alone, whereas anemia does not play a central role in worsening heart function.
2012
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) should be considered in the differential diagnosis in dogs presented with clinical signs of congestive heart failure (CHF), which includes dyspnoea and abnormal breadth sounds, cough, tachypnoea, tachycardia, arrhythmia, electrocardiography (ECG) abnormalities (P wave & QRS complex), syncope, pleural or pericardial effusions, ascites and/or dependent oedema, with other signs, such as, depression, exercise intolerance, inappetance and muscle wasting. DCM could be easily suspected by measuring the vertebral heart score (VHS) in a thoracic radiograph and confirmed by echocardiographic findings of poor myocardial contraction, low ejection fraction, left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening (<16%) and/or histology of myocardium.
Left atrial size and contractile function in healthy dogs and dogs with chronic mitral valve disease
Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 2018
ABSTRACT: In humans, left atrial enlargement and reduced contractile functions are associated with adverse cardiovascular events and a poor prognosis in many dilatation of the left atrium occurs with the gradual evolution of chronic mitral valve disease and is well diseases. The left atrium is the most compromised cardiac chamber in dogs with chronic mitral valve disease (CMVD). Therefore, this study aimed to compare the main parameters of left atrial enlargement (left atrium/aorta ratio, left atrial diameter and volume indices) and contractile function (transmitral flow peak velocity A wave and time velocity integral, atrial fraction, and atrial ejection force) at different stages of valve disease, and correlate the left atrial diameter, volume, and contractile function indices with echocardiographic variables predictive of heart failure in dogs (transmitral flow peak velocity E wave, E wave/IVRT ratio, E wave/E´wave ratio, and E wave/A wave ratio). The results showed that progress...
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2020
Background: The Evaluation of pimobendan in dogs with cardiomegaly caused by preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (EPIC) study monitored dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) as they developed congestive heart failure (CHF). Objectives: To describe the changes in clinical and radiographic variables occurring as dogs with MMVD and cardiomegaly develop CHF, compared to similar dogs that do not develop CHF. Animals: One hundred and thirty-five, and 73 dogs that did or did not develop CHF, respectively. Materials and methods: The following variables were evaluated in 2 groups of dogs (dogs that did or did not develop CHF): Heart rate (HR), clinic respiratory rate (RR), home-measured resting respiratory rate (RRR), rectal temperature (RT), body weight (BW), and vertebral heart sum (VHS). Absolute value and rate of change of each variable were calculated for each day a dog was in study. Daily means were calculated and plotted against time. The onset of CHF or last visit before leaving the study were set as reference time points. Results: The most extreme values and rate of change occurred in variables immediately before onset of CHF. Vertebral heart sum increased earliest. Heart rate, RR, and RRR also increased. Rectal temperature and BW decreased. Increases in RR and RRR were most extreme and occurred immediately before CHF. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Dogs with MMVD and cardiomegaly experience increases in HR, RR, RRR, and VHS, and decreases in BW and RT as they develop CHF. The variables with highest absolute change and rate of change were