Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dogs and cats in Switzerland (original) (raw)
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Antibiotics
The aim of this study was to present molecular and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal complex (CC) 398 isolated from diseased dogs and cats in Thailand. A total of 20 MRSA isolates of 134 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from canine and feline clinical samples during 2017–2020 were CC398, consisting of sequence type (ST) 398 (18 isolates), ST5926 (1 isolate), and ST6563 (1 isolate) by multilocus sequence typing. spa t034 and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) V were predominantly associated with ST398. Intraclonal differentiation was present by additional spa (t1255, t4653), non-detectable spa, composite SCCmec with a hybrid of ccrA1B1+ccrC and class A mec complex, and DNA fingerprints by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The isolates essentially carried antimicrobial resistance genes, mediating multiple resistance to β-lactams (mecA, blaZ), tetracyclines [tet(M)], aminoglycosides [aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia], ...
Review on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Dogs and Cats
International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances
Staphylococcal infection is of major importance in both Human and Animals. Some staphylococcal bacteria are Methicillin-resistant. This paper reviews the current information on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in dogs and cats. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram positive, non-spore forming coccus. It may be found singly, in pairs, in short chains, or in irregular clusters. The colonies are circular, smooth and glistening. Staphylococcus aureus is a major resident or transient colonizer of the skin and the mucosa of human and primates. These organisms occasionally live on domestic animals, although domestic animals are usually colonized by other species of Staphylococci. When Staphylococcus aureus gains entry into the host, it causes variety of infection, from mild skin infection to life threatening invasive infections. Methicillin resistance exhibited by these organisms is due to the acquisition of mecA gene, that encodes new protein designated PBP2a, belonging to the family of enzymes necessary in building the bacterial cell wall. The protein (PBP2a) has a very low affinity for βlactams antibiotics and confers resistance to Methicillin and the other beta-lactams. In developed countries, companion animals have become an integral part of the household. More than 50% of households in the developed and developing countries have pets hence makes Staphylococcus aureus infection an important zoonotic disease. Methicillin resistance has been reported in Staphylococcal species such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus schleiferi and Staphylococcus sciuri. Colonization and infection in-patients remain the major reservoir of MRSA in hospitals, while aerosols, inanimate objects, domestic animals and pets could act as reservoirs and transmit MRSA to humans. Conclusively, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a condition that needs to be given close surveillance due to the zoonotic importance of these bacterial organisms.
Characterisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dogs and their owners
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2007
Ten methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from healthy owners and their pets were characterised by susceptibility testing, staphylococcal chromosome cassette (SCC)mec and agr typing, and detection of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes. Two human and three dog isolates harbouring SCCmec type III appeared to be of hospital origin. The five remaining isolates carried SCCmec type IV, with three being multidrug-resistant. One type IV isolate was PVL-positive and a prototypic agr type 3, typified by strain MW2. This is the first report of this type in association with nasal carriage. Drug resistance may be increasing among community isolates of MRSA.
Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 2019
Objectives: Methicillin-resistant staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), pose a threat to animal and human health worldwide. Veterinary staff and pets may play a role in the spread of resistant clones. Methods: A total of 125 samples from veterinary staff (n = 50), dogs (n = 49) and cats (n = 26) were investigated. Obtained isolates were tested for the methicillin resistance gene mecA and were subjected to multiplex PCR to differentiate coagulase-positive species. Following SCCmec and spa typing, isolates were tested for the presence of various toxin and virulence genes and phenotypic resistance to common antimicrobials. Results: Overall, 4 MRSA were isolated from two veterinarians and two dogs and 19 MRSP were found in eleven dogs (12 isolates) and five cats (7 isolates). The MRSA isolates possessed sea (2) and eta (3) virulence genes and the MRSP isolates possessed sea (6), expA (15), expB (1) and siet (19) genes. SCCmec type II and three spa types (t186, t1816 and t10897) were identified in the MRSA isolates. Most of the MRSP isolates belonged to SCCmec types II (2 isolates) and V (10 isolates); however, the remaining 7 isolates were untypeable and contained class C1 mec. The majority of isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Conclusion: These findings show that pets and veterinarians could be potential sources of MDR-MRSA and MDR-MRSP in Iran. Taken together, these findings warrant future investigations on the epidemiology and public-health significance of MDR-MRSA and MDR-MRSP both in veterinarians and companion animals in Iran.
Pet (dog and cat) animal numbers have substantially increased in modern society. There is concern over transmission of Staphylococcal infection including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) between animals and humans. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA from apparently healthy and diseased dog and cat of different veterinary Hospital, clinics and pet animal market in Dhaka city. Samples collected for detection of MRSA were nasal swab, pus and wound swab. Among the 93 samples, 40.86% (n=38/93) were confirmed as positive for S. aureus and4.30% (n=4/93) as MRSA. The detection of MRSA was confirmed phenotypically and also by PCR targeting mec Agene specific for MRSA. All isolates isolated S. aureus were coagulase positive and hence pathogenic. Antibiogram study showed that all these isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and tetracycline. The overall prevalence of MRSA was higher in dog (4.91%) compared to cat (3.13%). The highest prevalence of MRSA (5.88%) was recorded in samples collected from K ataban Pet Animal Market, Dhaka. On sample basis MRSA was higher in nasal swab compared to pus and wound swab. On age basis, the prevalence of MRSA was higher in younger animal compared to older animal. The highest prevalence of S. aureus was found in diseased dog and highest prevalence of MRSA was found in diseased cat. None of the healthy cat was found positive for MRSA. Present study emphasizes that dogs and cats may act as a possible reservoirs for transmission of MRSA to human.
Screening of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from dogs and cats in Hyderabad Pakistan
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a "superberg", an important cause of human nosocomial and as a universal community-acquired infection cause resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. Till to date no detailed and authentic report on MRSA in nasal swabs of diseased dogs and cats reported. This study was planned to check the presence of MRSA in nasal swabs of dogs and cats. Total 100 samples were collected, and 37 samples were positive with S. aureus in both diseased dogs and cats which were confirmed by their colony characteristic, morphology, gram stain reaction and biochemical properties. These isolates were subjected to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) through Micro broth dilution method by using methicillin in 96 well plates. Among them, 8/37 (21.62%) were found methicillin resistant. In diseased dog, 5/21 (23.80%) and cat 3/16 (18.75%) isolated were found moderately resistant to methicillin as they grew at 32μg/μl concentration of methicillin. mec-A gene in methicillin resistant samples were detected through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This resistance was due to phenotypically and moderate level of the resistance against methicillin with absence of mec-A gene shows that the examined pets were not the reservoir of mec-A gene. However, more studies are recommended to further confirm that, pets are reservoir of mec-A gene or not or this may be due to involvement of sharing mechanism of resistance to penicillin group. So far, this is first study on MRSA in diseased dog and cats, which revealed that, there is no MRSA in this area of Pakistan.
Frontiers in Microbiology
Sixty-eight owners and 66 pets, from 43 unrelated pet-owning households were screened for methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCoNS), potential cases of MRCoNS interspecies transmission (IT), and persistence. MRCoNS isolates were identified by microbiological and molecular tests. MLST-based phylogenetic analysis was performed in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using phenotypic and molecular methods. SCCmec type and the presence of biofilm-related ica locus was PCR-tested. Isolates suspected for MRCoNS IT cases were subjected to SmaI-PFGE analysis and individuals from positive households were followed-up for 1 year for carriage dynamics (every 3 months, T0-T4). Nineteen MRCoNS isolates from owners (27.9%) and 12 from pets (16.7%) were detected, coming from 20 households (46.5%). S. epidermidis was predominant (90 and 67% of human and animal strains, respectively), showing high phylogenetic diversity (16 STs among 24 strains). Methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) strains belonged to CC5 (75%), CC11 (12.5%), singleton S556 (8.3%), and S560 (4.17%). Significant host-associated differences were observed for resistance to aminoglycosides, cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol (higher in animal isolates) and tetracycline (higher among human strains). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was common (68.4%) and associated with human strains. Great diversity of ccr and mec complexes were detected, most strains being non-typeable, followed by SCCmecIV and V. Over one third of isolates (most from owners), carried the ica locus, all MRSE CC5. Two sporadic IT cases (T0) were identified in owners and dogs from two households (4.7%), with diverse interspecies-exchanged clones detected along the sampling year, especially in dogs. A comparative analysis of all MRCoNS, with all nasal coagulase positive staphylococci (CoPS) recovered from the same individuals at T0, revealed that CoPS alone was predominant in owners and pets, followed by co-carriage of CoPS and MRCoNS in owners but single MRCoNS in pets. Statistical analyses revealed that owners are more prone to co-carriage and that coexistence of IT cases and co-carriage are positively interrelated. MRCoNS from
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 2015
Background: The bacterial genus Staphylococcus consists of many species that causes infections in pet animals. Antimicrobial resistant staphylococci cause infections that are difficult to treat and they are important from the point of one health perspective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) species, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in diseased pet animals (Group A) and kennel dogs (Group B) in Lithuania and to characterize the isolates according to their antimicrobial resistance. Results: Twenty-one MRS isolates were obtained from 395 clinical samples (5.3 %; CI 95 % 3.5-8.0) of Group A animals. Sixteen, four and one isolates were from dogs, cats and a pet rabbit, respectively. The mecA gene was present in 20 isolates, whereas one isolate was positive for the mecC gene. Twenty-one MRS isolates (20.0 %; CI 95 % 13.5-28.6) were obtained from the vagina of female dogs (n = 105) (Group B). All isolates carried the mecA gene. Twelve MRS species were isolated of which S. pseudintermedius was the most common (18/42) followed by S. haemolyticus (8/42) and S. lentus (4/42). MRSA was not found. All MRS strains were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Resistance to tetracycline (16/21), clindamycin (15/21) and erythromycin (14/21) was the most common types of resistance in Group A animals. Three isolates also demonstrated resistance to rifampin. Resistance toward gentamicin (16/21), ciprofloxacin (15/21), macrolides (15/21) and tetracycline (12/21) was the most common in kennel dogs (Group B). The most common genes encoding resistance to antimicrobials (excluding beta-lactams) in isolates from Group A pets were tetK (21/42), aph(3′)-IIIa (11/42) and aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia (9/42). Conclusions: A wide range of MRS species were found in pet animals in Lithuania. MRSA was not found.
Antibiotics, 2019
The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus sp. (MRS) in populations of companion animals that either have previously been exposed or have not been exposed to antibiotic therapy or veterinary facilities, and if owners’ healthcare profession had an influence on colonization with MRS. In addition, the antimicrobial resistance pheno- and genotype were investigated and risks for colonization with MRS were assessed. During this study, 347 nasal swabs (dogs n = 152; cats n = 107; rabbits n = 88) were investigated for the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In addition, 131 nasal swabs (dogs n = 79; cats n = 47; rabbits = 3; guinea pigs = 2) were examined for the presence of MRSA but also other MRS. In total, 23 MRS isolates belonged to nine staphylococcal species: Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 11), Staphylococcus warneri (n = 3), Staphylococcus hominis (n = 2), Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (n = 2), and singlet...