Evaluation of the anticancer potential of Lippia citriodora and its major component, citral, and their potential synergy with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs in human colon carcinoma (original) (raw)
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Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2017
The aim of this work was to investigate the in vitro anticancer effect of the essential oil of dried leaves of Lippia citriodora (H.B. & K.) harvested in different regions of Morocco. This effect was evaluated against the P815 murine mastocytoma cell line using the MTT assay. Interestingly, this work demonstrated for the first time that these essential oils exhibited a strong cytotoxic activity against the P815 cell line, with IC 50 values ranging from 7.75 µg/ml to 13.25 µg/ml. This cytotoxicity began early and increased in a dose and time dependent Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. manner. The chemical profile of these essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Importantly, the difference in terms of major components' contents was not significant suggesting probably that the differential cytotoxicity between these essential oils could be attributed to the difference in the content of these essential oils in minor compounds, which could interact with each other or with the main molecules. Finally, this study demonstrated for the first time that essential oils of L. citriodora from different regions in Morocco induced apoptosis against P815 tumor cell line.
Foods
With strong antimicrobial properties, citral has been repeatedly reported to be the dominant component of lemongrass essential oil. Here, we report on a comparison of the antimicrobial and anticancer activity of citral and lemongrass essential oil. The lemongrass essential oil was prepared by the vacuum distillation of fresh Cymbopogon leaves, with a yield of 0.5% (w/w). Citral content was measured by gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) and determined to be 63%. Antimicrobial activity was tested by the broth dilution method, showing strong activity against all tested bacteria and fungi. Citral was up to 100 times more active than the lemongrass essential oil. Similarly, both citral and essential oils inhibited bacterial communication and adhesion during P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilm formation; however, the biofilm prevention activity of citral was significantly higher. Both the essential oil and citral disrupted the maturated P. aeruginosa biofilm wi...
Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2018
Essential oils (EOs) from aromatic plants contain molecules that can interfere with diseases such as cancer and are considered attractive because of their widespread use, good bioavailability, low toxicity and affordable cost. EOs from Lippia alba (LaEOs) manifest intraspecific chemical differences in its composition-defined as chemotypes-and is notable for the chemical diversity of their volatile secondary metabolites. We evaluated LaEOs chemotypes cytotoxicity on human cancer culture cells and investigated the mechanisms involved in tagetenone (ta) chemotype cytotoxicity. It exhibited selective cytotoxicity against HepG2 and A549 cells. The mechanism involved cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Tagetenone chemotype (LaEOta) treatment caused 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase decrease and profound cholesterogenesis inhibition with farnesyl pyrophosphate redirection towards other end products, such as ubiquinone. This work contributes to a clearer understanding of mechanisms of action of LaEOta, thus suggesting that the use of that tagetenone chemotype could provide significant health benefits as a chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic agent.
Antitumor Potential of Lippia citriodora Essential Oil in Breast Tumor-Bearing Mice
Antioxidants, 2021
Lippia citriodora is a flowering plant cultivated for its lemon-scented leaves and used in folk medicine for the preparation of tea for the alleviation of symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders, cold, and asthma. The oil extracted from the plant leaves was shown to possess antioxidant potential and to exert antiproliferative activity against breast cancer. The aim of this study was to further investigate potential antitumor effects of L. citriodora oil (LCO) on breast cancer. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of LCO was examined against murine DA3 breast cancer cells by the sulforhodamine B assay. We further explored the LCO’s pro-apoptotic potential with the Annexin-PI method. The LCO’s anti-migratory effect was assessed by the wound-healing assay. LCO was found to inhibit the growth of DA3 cells in vitro, attenuate their migration, and induce apoptosis. Finally, oral administration of LCO for 14 days in mice inhibited by 55% the size of developing tumors in the DA3 murine tu...
Cell Proliferation, 2008
Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate cytotoxic activity of Platycladus orientalis , Prangos asperula and Cupressus sempervirens ssp. pyramidalis essential oils and to identify active components involved in inhibition of population growth of human cancer cell lines. Materials and methods : Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and were analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Antiproliferative activity was tested on amelanotic melanoma C32 cells and on renal cell adenocarcinoma cells, using the sulphorhodamine B assay. Results : Cupressus sempervirens ssp. pyramidalis leaf oil exerted the highest cytotoxic activity with an IC 50 value of 104.90 μ g/mL against C32, followed by activity of P. orientalis and P. asperula on the renal adenocarcinoma cell line (IC 50 of 121.93 and 139.17 μ g/mL, respectively). P. orientalis essential oil was also active against amelanotic melanoma with an IC 50 of 330.04 μ g/mL. Three identified terpenes, linalool, β -caryophyllene and α -cedrol, were found to be active on both cell lines tested. Conclusions : Our findings provide novel insights into the field of cytotoxic properties of essential oils. This study provided evidence on how cytotoxic activity of the oils is not always related to their major constituents, except for lower activity found in both cell lines for α -cedrol. Interestingly, β -caryophyllene and linalool exhibited comparable IC 50 values to the commercial drug vinblastine on the ACHN cell line. This opens a new field of investigation to discover mechanisms responsible for the observed activity.
Cytotoxicity screening of essential oils in cancer cell lines
Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia
This study evaluated the cytotoxicity activity of the essential oils of Tagetes erecta L., Asteraceae (TE-OE), Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd, Lamiaceae (TR-OE), Bidens sulphurea (Cav.) Sch. Bip., Asteraceae (BS-OE), and Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Apiaceae (FV-OE), traditionally used in folk medicine, against the tumor cell lines murine melanoma (B16F10), human colon carcinoma (HT29), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2), and human glioblastoma (MO59J, U343, and U251). Normal hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells) were included as control. The cells were treated with essential oil concentrations ranging from 3.12 to 400 μg/mL for 24 h. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the XTT assay; results were expressed as IC50, and the selectivity index was calculated. The results were compared with those achieved for classic chemotherapeutic agents. TE-OE was the most promising among the evaluated oils: ...
GC/MS Analysis and Molecular Profiling of Lemon Volatile Oil against Breast Cancer
Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2019
Breast cancer is the most common among women cancers and the most likely to cause death. Citrus plants essential oils are reported for having potential cytotoxic activities. Thirty three and thirty five compounds were identified from leaves and green branches of Citrus limon (L.) Burm. family (Rutaceae), respectively. The main components were limonene (47.24 %; 55.23 %), geranial (14.48 %; 7.94 %) and neral (12.1 %; 6.1 %). Lemon leaf oil showed cytotoxic activity against breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) at IC 50 of 10 % (v/v). A significant increase in the expression levels of the apoptotic protein caspase-8, a significant decrease in the expression levels of both the anti-apoptotic protein BcL-2 and the proliferative marker Ki-67 were observed (in comparison with un treated cells ; p<0.05). The docking results showed high affinity of geranial against caspase-8 and caspase-9 indicating the promising cytotoxic effect of lemon oil through enhancing apoptosis. Further studies are required to test the safety and toxicological properties of the oil as medicine.
Molecules Present in Plant Essential Oils for Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer (CRC)
Molecules, 2021
Essential oils (EOs) are a complex mixture of hydrophobic and volatile compounds synthesized from aromatic plants, commonly present in the human diet. In recent years, many in vitro studies have suggested possible anticancer properties of single EO compounds, on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. However, the majority of these studies did not compare the effects of these compounds on normal and cancer colon cells. By using NCM-460, a normal human mucosal epithelial cell line, Caco-2, a human colon epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line, and SW-620, colon cancer cells derived from lymph node metastatic site, we identified cinnamaldehyde, derived from cinnamon EO and eugenol, derived from bud clove EO, as compounds with a specific anticancer action selectively targeting the transformed colonic cells. Both cinnamaldehyde (75 µM) and eugenol (800 µM), after 72 h of treatment, were capable to induce apoptosis, necrosis and a cell cycle slowdown in Caco-2 and in SW-620, but not in NCM-460 cells....
Biomedical Papers, 2016
Aim. Cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (CDDP) is one of the most important chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment. Nonetheless, its notable side effect, nephrotoxicity, undermines its clinical use. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the protective potential of the aqueous extract (AEC) of Cinnamomum cassia (cinnamon) against the cytotoxic effect of CDDP in vitro and to elaborate the molecular mechanism underlying protection. Methods. MTT assay was performed to assess viability of the normal kidney Vero cells treated with CDDP and/or AEC. Cells were stained with Coomassie blue, acridine orange and ethidium bromide to highlight morphological features of apoptosis. Caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were monitored to assess biochemical hallmarks of apoptosis. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses were performed to elucidate expression of cellular molecules underlying the protective potential of AEC. Results. CDDP-treated Vero cells exhibited hallmarks of apoptosis; these hallmarks were significantly suppressed in the presence of AEC. AEC did not alter activity of CDDP-induced cytotoxicity of breast and liver cancer cells. AEC treatment of Vero cells prevented CDDP-induced increased expression of mitochondrial Bax protein, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, caspase-3 activation, DNA fragmentation and generation of ROS. AEC up-regulated expression of the cytoprotective gene (heme oxygenase (HO)-1). Conclusion. These findings suggest AEC has protective effects against CDDP-induced toxicity via preventing the activation of various cellular mechanisms mediating apoptotic cell death, without compromising the anticancer efficiency of CDDP. Thus, cinnamon may represent one of the most feasible ways to reduce the risk of CDDP-induced toxicity.
Cytotoxic effect of leaf essential oil of Lippia gracilis Schauer (Verbenaceae)
Phytomedicine, 2013
Medicinal plants are one of the most important sources of drugs used in the pharmaceutical industry. Among traditional medicinal plants, Lippia gracilis Schauer (Verbenaceae) had been used for several medicinal purposes in Brazilian northeastern. In this study, leaf essential oil (EO) of L. gracilis was prepared using hydrodistillation. Followed by GC-MS analysis, its composition was characterized by the presence of thymol (55.50%), as major constituent. The effects of EO on cell proliferation and apoptosis induction were investigated in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, mice bearing Sarcoma 180 tumor cells were used to confirm its in vivo effectiveness. EO and its constituents (thymol, p-cymene, ␥-terpinene and myrcene) displayed cytotoxicity to different tumor cell lines. EO treatment caused G 1 arrest in HepG2 cells accompanied by the induction of DNA fragmentation without affecting cell membrane integrity. Cell morphology consistent with apoptosis and a remarkable activation of caspase-3 were also observed, suggesting induction of caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death. In vivo antitumor study showed tumor growth inhibition rates of 38.5-41.9%. In conclusion, the tested essential oil of L. gracilis leaves, which has thymol as its major constituent, possesses significant in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. These data suggest that leaf essential oil of L. gracilis is a potential medicinal resource.