Phytochemicals and Antibacterial Activity of Zingiber zerumbet Growing in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia (original) (raw)
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Industrial Crops and Products, 2018
Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. (Zingiberaceae), commonly known as bitter ginger, has long been used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatments of inflammations, rheumatism, sprains, colic pain, diarrhea, tonsillitis and various other ailments. The aim of the present study was to assess the chemical composition of the rhizome essential oil of Zingiber zerumbet grown in the foothills of northern India using GC-FID, GC-MS, IR and NMR, and to evaluate the antibacterial and antiproliferative potential of the rhizome essential oil and its major constituent. Altogether, thirty-four constituents were identified representing 98.0% of the essential oil composition. Zerumbone (72.86%), α-humulene (7.09%), camphene (5.04%), humulene oxide I (2.45%), humulene oxide II (1.8%), and camphor (1.41%) were the major constituents. The potential of the rhizome essential oil of Z. zerumbet and zerumbone was tested against nine pathogenic bacterial strains. The results showed that both essential oil and zerumbone, possessed significant antagonist activity against Staphylococcus aureus-96 (MIC: 52.0-166.6 μg/mL), Streptococcus mutans (MIC: 62.5-208.0 μg/mL), and Escherichia coli (MIC: 104.1-208.0 μg/ mL). Zerumbone was found more active compared to the essential oil. Moreover, the antiproliferative potential of Z. zerumbet oil and zerumbone was evaluated against various human cancer and normal cell lines (A549, MDAMB-231, A431, K562, WRL-68, COLO-205, HaCaT, and HEK-293). Results showed that, both essential oil and zerumbone possessed antiproliferative activity against tested cell lines, where zerumbone was more competent then essential oil.
Antimicrobial Activity and Constituents of Leaf and Pseudo-Stem Essential Oils of Zingiber zerumbet
Prime Archives in Plant Sciences, 2020
This paper reports the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of the leaf and pseudo-stem of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith. The air-dry samples were subjected to hydrodistillation process using Clevenger-apparatus to obtained essential oils. By using GC and GC/MS, 55 and 25 compounds representing 96.2% and 94.4% of the total oil contents were determined from essential oils of the leaves and pseudo-stem respectively. The main compounds of the leaf oil were -pinene (30.8%), -caryophylene (13.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (12.0%) while zerumbone (64.5%) was the most abundant constituents found in the pseudo-stem oil. The antimicrobial activity (MIC) was determined by microdilution broth susceptibility assay. The results of antimicrobial testing indicated that Z. zerumbet leaf oil exhibited potent antimicrobial action against Aspergillus niger (ATCC 9763) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 µg/mL. The pseudo-stem oil only displayed antimicrobial activity towards B. subtilis (ATCC 11774) with MIC of 50.0 µg/mL.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
Fungal and bacterial skin diseases are still major public health concerns in Thailand. Despite the accessibility of numerous antimicrobial medications, antibiotic resistance remains a problem. Furthermore, only a few new medicines have been developed, and their side effects are a cause for concern. Identifying and utilizing natural chemicals is an alternative resolution for these issues. The rhizome of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) is one of the herbs used as an antibiotic in Eastern Thailand. This research aimed to develop an appropriate extraction method for Z. zerumbet (L.) rhizome using different solvents. The extract's biomarkers and various pharmacological activities were also analyzed. Results showed that the ethanol extract had no effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, or Candida albicans. Meanwhile, the hexane and dichloromethane extracts had minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.01562 and 0.03125 mg/ml, respectively, for S. aureus. Their MBC and minimal fungicidal concentration for S. epidermidis and C. albicans were 0.03125 and 0.0625 mg/ml, respectively. The ethanol extract outperformed the dichloromethane and hexane extracts in terms of antioxidant activity as measured by 2,2ʹ-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays. Furthermore, the ethanol extract showed anti-inflammatory properties as determined by the protein denaturation test. Finally, the LC 50 values of ethanol, dichloromethane, and hexane extracts were 122.78, 220.76, and 67.96 g/ml, respectively, according to the cytotoxicity assay. These findings suggest that the extract from Z. zerumbet (L.) rhizome could be employed to develop an antimicrobial medicine in the future.
Identification of Chemical Constituents of Zingiber zerumbet Rhizome Extract Using GC/MS
Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature, 2020
Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. (family-Zingiberaceae) is an important medicinal herb. Though rhizome extract of this species has been used in traditional herbal medicine across the globe for the treatment of numerous diseases like worms, cough, leprosy, asthma and other skin diseases, the composition of the extract is not characterised properly till date. Thus, acetone extract of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome was subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) to analyze the phytoconstituents. A total of nine compounds were obtained out of which zerumbone was found to be the major constituent covering 64.58 % of the total area. Beside zerumbone, other important compounds like diacetone alcohol (10.64 %), α-humulene (8.93 %), caryophyllene oxide (5.68 %), humulene epoxide (3.18 %), Eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (2.87 %), aromadendrene oxide (1.98 %) were also found in the tested extract with some other compounds in trace amount. Among the compounds, terpenes were found to be the primary constituent of the extract. This finding revealed the presence of the high amount of terpenes in the rhizome of Z. zerumbet for the first time. The study indicated that Z. zerumbet is a good source of sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes which can be used at industrial level for the production of pharmaceuticals, perfumes and flavouring agents.
Essential Oil from Five Zingiberaceae For Anti Food-Borne Bacteria
… Food Research Journal, 2008
Essential oil from five Zingiberaceae species: ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.), galanga (Alpinia galanga Sw.), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), kaempferia (Boesenbergia pandurata Holtt.) and bastard cardamom (Amomum xanthioides Wall.) obtained by hydrodistillation and two solvent extractions (petroleum ether and ethanol) was characterized. Their antibacterial effects towards Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes were tested by a disc diffusion assay. Essential oil of kaempferia and bastard cardamom obtained by hydrodistillation extraction could inhibit growth of all tested bacteria. Essential oil of ginger extracted by hydrodistillation had the highest efficiency against three positive strains of bacteria (S. aureus, B. cereus and L. monocytogenes), with a minimum concentration to inhibit B. cereus and L. monocytogenes of 6.25 μg/ml. Volatile compounds of all extracts were analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major components of ginger, galanga, turmeric, kaempferia, and bastard cardamom obtained by hydrodistillation, were zingiberene, methyl chavicol, turmerone, γ-terpinene, and methyl chavicol, respectively.
Applied Sciences, 2021
The genus Zingiber consists of about 85 species and many of these species are used as food, spices, and medicines. One of the species, Zingiber montanum (J. Koenig) Link ex A. Dietr. is native to Southeast Asia and has been extensively used as traditional medicines and food. The aim of this review was to collect and critically analyze the scientific information about the bioactive compounds and pharmacological activities of Z. montanum with focus on one of the main components, zerumbone (ZER). Various studies have reported the analysis of volatile constituents of the essential oils from Z. montanum. Similarly, many phenylbutanoids, flavonoids and terpenes were also isolated from rhizomes. These essential oils, extracts and compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities among others. Zerumbone has been studied widely for its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological activities. Future studies should focus on the exploration of vario...
Biological and chemical properties of Zingiber zerumbet Smith: a review
Numerous researches have been carried out in Zingiber zerumbet Smith. Since 1944 till date. Z. zerumbet is a monocotyledonous perennial medicinal plant belonging to Zingiberaceae family. It is commonly known as shampoo ginger. It has many different local names depending on their area of collection and vegetation. It is called as 'Singkha' in Manipuri. Various compounds have been reported to be isolated from Z. zerumbet and they serve a very potent and reliable drug candidate for the various diseases. They have been investigated for its prospects of effectiveness against number of activities in in vitro as well as in vivo and mechanisms that may be involved in chemo preventive measures and various pharmaceutical studies.