Effect of Supplemented Versus Nutritionally Induced Progesterone on Conception Rate in Moderate Yielding Dairy Cows (original) (raw)
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Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2007
Fifty repeat breeder (RB) Friesian cows were allocated to five groups of 10 cows each, to determine the effect of progesterone (P4) supplement on P4 concentrations and pregnancy rates during the periods of corpus luteum (CL) formation and development between days 2-7 and 7-12 following a spontaneous or PGF 2α-induced estrus. Cows were artificially inseminated during PGF 2α-induced (PGF-P4-d2 and PGF-P4-d7 groups) or spontaneous (S-P4-d2, S-P4-d7, and control groups) estrus. Progesteronereleasing intravaginal device (PRID) devoid of estrogen capsule were inserted either on d 2 (PGF-P4-d2 and S-P4-d2 groups) or d 7 (PGF-P4-d7 and S-P4-d7 groups) post-insemination and left in place for 5 days. Control cows did not receive any treatment. Blood samples were collected for progesterone analysis from all cows once daily for 4 days starting on the day of estrus (d 0) and once every 3 days thereafter until d 22. Progesterone treatment by day interaction accounted for higher plasma P4 in treated than non-treated control cows. Progesterone concentrations differed significantly (p<0.05) during metestrus (d 2 to d 7) but not during diestrus (d 7 to d 12). PGF 2α treatment, lactation number, service number or their interactions did not affect progesterone concentrations and pregnancy rates. Therefore, cows were grouped according to the day of P4 supplement irrespective of the PGF 2α treatment. Progesterone supplement on d 7 but not d 2 significantly increased (p<0.03) pregnancy rates in repeat breeding cows with four or more previous services but not in cows in their third service. In conclusion, post-insemination P4 supplement to repeat breeding cows with four or more previous services improved pregnancy rates and should be advocated when no specific reason for infertility is diagnosed. Further studies with larger numbers of repeat breeding cows under field conditions are needed to ascertain the findings of this study.
Journal of Dairy Science, 2009
The objectives were to evaluate the effect of supplemental progesterone during a timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol on pregnancy per insemination and pregnancy loss. Lactating dairy cows from 2 dairy herds were presynchronized with 2 injections of PGF 2α 14 d apart, and cows observed in estrus following the second PGF 2α injection were inseminated (n = 1,301). Cows not inseminated by 11 d after the end of the presynchronization were submitted to the TAI protocol (d 0 GnRH, d 7 PGF 2α , d 8 estradiol cypionate, and d 10 TAI). On the day of the GnRH of the TAI protocol (study d 0), cows were assigned randomly to receive no exogenous progesterone (control = 432), one controlled internal drug-release (CIDR) insert (CIDR1 = 440), or 2 CIDR inserts (CIDR2 = 440) containing 1.38 g of progesterone each from study d 0 to 7. Blood was sampled on study d 0 before insertion of CIDR for determination of progesterone concentration in plasma, and cows with concentration <1.0 ng/mL were classified as low progesterone (LP) and those with concentration ≥1.0 ng/ mL were classified as high progesterone (HP). From a subgroup of 240 cows, blood was sampled on study d 3, 7, 17 and 24 and ovaries were examined by ultrasonography on study d 0 and 7. Pregnancy was diagnosed at 38 ± 3 and 66 ± 3 d after AI. Data were analyzed including only cows randomly assigned to treatments and excluding cows that were inseminated after the second PGF 2α injection. The proportion of cows classified as HP at the beginning of the TAI protocol was similar among treatments, but differed between herds. Concentrations of progesterone in plasma during the TAI protocol increased linearly with number of CIDR used, and the increment was 0.9 ng/mL per CIDR. The proportion of cows with plasma progesterone ≥1.0 ng/ mL on study d 17 was not affected by treatment, but a greater proportion of control than CIDR-treated cows had asynchronous estrous cycles following the TAI protocol. Treatment with CIDR inserts, however, did not affect pregnancy at 38 ± 3 and 66 ± 3 d after AI or pregnancy loss.
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 1992
Reposital-type progesterone (75 mg/d for cows, 40 mg/d for heifers) or saline were administered to 24 Holstein cattle to assess the effects of exogenous progesterone (P) on fertility in repeatbreeders. Treatments were administered daily from day 6 to 10 after fourth, fifth and sixth insemination. Cumulative conception rate (57.1 %) for the fourth through sixth insemination was affected by lactation number, service number, plasma P (4.67 ng/ml for pregnant cows vs 4.06 ng/ml for nonpregnant cows)
Physiological and practical effects of progesterone on reproduction in dairy cattle
Animal, 2014
The discovery of progesterone (P4) and elucidation of the mechanisms of P4 action have an important place in the history of endocrinology and reproduction. Circulating P4 concentration is determined by a balance between P4 production, primarily by the corpus luteum (CL), and P4 metabolism, primarily by the liver. The volume of luteal tissue and number and function of large luteal cells are primary factors determining P4 production. Rate of P4 metabolism is generally determined by liver blood flow and can be of critical importance in determining circulating P4 concentrations, particularly in dairy cattle. During timed artificial insemination (AI) protocols, elevations in P4 are achieved by increasing number of CL by creating accessory CL or by supplementation with exogenous P4. Dietary manipulations can also alter circulating P4, although practical methods to apply these techniques have not yet been reported. Elevating P4 before the timed AI generally decreases double ovulation and i...
Effect of progesterone on some fertility performances in cattle
Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal, 2019
Our experiment was conducted at a special dairy farm in Dakahlia Governorate between the periods (March-May 2018), This farm consisted of 400 Holestien cows; from the total of the animals only 210 lactating cows. The established experiment applied on 40 cows suffered from different types of anestrum detected by ultrasonography as follow (15 cows suffer from cystic ovary, 15 cows suffer from smooth inactive ovaries and 10 cows suffer from persist corpus luteum to study the effect of progesterone device insertion in dairy cattle and its effect in fertility. On day 0, cattle at random stage of estrous cycle received controlled internal drug release vaginal insert (CIDR).We left the CIDR in the vagina for seven days as we inject PGF2 on day 6 and remove the CIDR on day 7, blood samples were collected from 25 animals at zero day, 3 rd , 7 th and 9 th day from the tail vein, and then we follow the estrous and detected the estrus cow for AI and apply ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis after 30 day from insemination From this study it was concluded that the use of progesterone for 7 days +i.m. injection of PGF2α in the 7 th day can applied to dairy cattle to restart ovarian activity and it is an effective treatment for different infertility cases like cystic ovarian disease, persist corpus luteum and smooth in active ovaries. Moreover present study provides evidence for the importance of prior exposure to progesterone for cows to express estrous behavior, increase number of pregnant animals and increase conception rate.
Positive and negative effects of progesterone during timed AI protocols in lactating dairy cattle
2012
Circulating concentration of progesterone (P4) is determined by a balance between P4 production, primarily by corpus luteum (CL), and P4 metabolism, primarily by liver. The volume of large luteal cells in the CL is a primary factor regulating P4 production. Rate of P4 metabolism is generally determined by liver blood flow and can be of critical importance in determining circulating P4 concentrations, particularly in dairy cattle. During timed AI protocols, elevations in P4 are achieved by increasing number of CL by ovulation of accessory CL or by supplementation with exogenous P4. Dietary manipulations, such as fat supplementation, can also be used to alter circulating P4. Elevating P4 prior to the timed AI generally decreases double ovulation and can increase fertility to the timed AI. This appears to be an effect of P4 during the follicular wave that produces the future ovulatory follicle, possibly by altering the oocyte and subsequent embryo. Near the time of AI, slight elevations in circulating P4 can dramatically reduce fertility. The etiology of slight elevations in P4 near AI is inadequate luteolysis to the prostaglandin F2α (PGF) treatment prior to timed AI. After AI, circulating P4 is critical for embryo growth and establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Many studies have attempted to improve fertility by elevating P4 after timed AI. Combining results of these studies indicated only marginal fertility benefits of <5%. In conclusion, previous research has provided substantial insight into the effects of supplemental P4 on fertility and there is increasing insight into the mechanisms regulating circulating P4 concentrations and actions. Understanding this prior research can focus future research on P4 manipulation to improve timed AI protocols.
Theriogenology, 2005
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect using two doses of progesterone (P4) releasing devices in two different programs on reproductive performance of anestrous dairy cows. Cows (n = 1555) not detected in estrus by 10 d before the planned start of the seasonal breeding program and in which no CL was palpable were treated with an intravaginal P4-releasing device ('Single'; 1.56gofP4)oramodifieddevicewithtriplethenormalP4dose(′Triple′;1.56 g of P4) or a modified device with triple the normal P4 dose ('Triple'; 1.56gofP4)oramodifieddevicewithtriplethenormalP4dose(′Triple′;4.7 g of P4). The devices were in place for either 6 d ('Short') or 8 d ('Long'), with 1 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) given 24 h after device removal. The 'Long' program also included treatment with 2 mg EB at device insertion. The Long program resulted in a higher first service conception rate (RR = 1.18 (95% CI = 1.03-1.33); P = 0.02), but had no effect on the 28-d, 56-d or final pregnancy rate compared to the Short program. There were no effects of dose of P4 on any outcome. In conclusion, the Long compared to the Short program, but not the dose of P4, improved first service conception rates in anestrous cows. #
Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 2006
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the skim milk progesterone concentrations at artificial insemination (AI) and day of rise of post-ovulatory progesterone concentration thereafter affect the conception and embryonic death rates in repeat-breeding cows. Milk samples were obtained from 96 repeat-breeding cows that failed to conceive to three or more AIs. The samples were taken from the cows at the day of AI and three times/week until day 45 post-AI. Skim milk was obtained after centrifugation and used for progesterone assay. The cows with a progesterone concentration more than 0.5 ng/ml at AI showed a significantly higher incidence of late embryonic death than those having a progesterone concentration <0.5 ng/ml at AI (p < 0.01). As the progesterone level at insemination rose, conception rate declined. A negative correlation was shown between conception rate and skim milk progesterone level at AI. Of 56 cows showing a rise of progesterone to 1 ng/ml or more within 6 days after AI, 28 cows (50%) conceived. On the contrary, only eight of 39 cows (20.5%) conceived when the progesterone rose up to 1 ng/ml after day 6 post-AI. We concluded that increased progesterone concentration at the time of AI and delayed rise of progesterone post-AI might lead to decrease in fertility in repeat-breeding cows.
Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 2007
An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of progesterone (P 4) and oestradiol benzoate (ODB) on fertility of repeat-breeder lactating dairy cows during summer. One hundred repeat-breeder lactating dairy cows were randomly allocated to four groups (Tr1, Tr2, Tr3 and C) in a study conducted at a private dairy farm. All cows were injected with 2 mg ODB (day 0), which were at random stages of their oestrous cycles. Cows in Tr1, Tr2 and Tr3 were administered with intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices (controlled internal drug-releasing, CIDR) at the time of ODB injection for 7 days and those in group C were untreated and served as controls. Following CIDR removal, all cows were given an intramuscular injection of 25 mg Prostaglandin (PGF 2a). Twenty-four hours after the PGF 2a injection, cows in Tr1, Tr2 and C groups were injected with 1 mg ODB. Cows in Tr3 group were injected with 10 lg gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist 48 h after CIDR removal. Artificial insemination was performed between 24 and 30 h following the second ODB injection for cows in Tr1 group and at the time of GnRH injection for cows in Tr3 group. Cows in Tr2 and C groups were inseminated at detected oestrus. Plasma P 4 and oestradiol 17b (E 2) concentrations were determined for all cows daily from day 0 to day 9. Plasma concentrations of P 4 and E 2 among cows of groups Tr1, Tr2 and Tr3 were increased and reached maximum values within 48 h following administration and were greater (p < 0.001) than those of group C cows. The proportion of cows detected in oestrus based on P4 concentration on day 9 was 88%, 72%, 88% and 60% in groups Tr1, Tr2, Tr3 and C, respectively. Oestrous detection rate differed (p < 0.01) significantly between time-inseminated groups (Tr1 and Tr3) and those inseminated at observed oestrous (Tr2 and C) groups. Pregnancy rates based on ultrasonography performed on day 28 were 52%, 56%, 60% and 40%, and those based on rectal palpation on day 45 were 32%, 44%, 36% and 28% for Tr1, Tr2, Tr3 and C cows (p > 0.1), respectively. Whereas pregnancy rates for cows with four or more previous services in all groups (54.55%) were higher (p < 0.03) than those for cows with three previous services (29.49%). In pregnant cows, mean days from calving to the day of insemination were higher (p < 0.01) among cows with four or more previous services (204 ± 8.0 days) than those with three previous services (157 ± 6.0 days). Results indicate that treatment with a combination of ODB and CIDR in repeat-breeder dairy cows causes elevation in plasma concentrations of E 2 and P 4. Oestrous detection rate was better in cows that were primed with P 4 than those without P 4 priming. Cows with four or more previous services had significantly higher pregnancy rates than those with three previous services.
Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2012
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