Dialectologia July 2024 published (original) (raw)
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Antropologi Indonesia, 2017
This article discusses the connection between language and thought processes and its implication towards social consciousness and attitudes. The framework is developed from various concepts of linguistic relativity particularly temporal and spatial deictic systems. Data were introspectively collected from the Bima native speakers selected based on dialectal variation, topography, and political geography and descriptively analyzed by identifying, classifying, describing and explaining the connection between various linguistic forms and spatio-temporal dimensions and social consciousness. The study finds that the concept of time in the language is not only semantically realized in adverbs of time but also morphologically represented in linguistic markers of present, past and future. Space is realized through the choice of three-dimensional locative markers: 'ake' speaker proximity, 'ede' hearer proximity, and 'aka' speaker-hearer distant detachment. Location is also marked by other factors: topography, geography, trans-communication pathways, and socio-political vitality of referred area. The study shows a strong relationship in both expert and commoner speakers' understanding of spatial and temporal concepts although explicit reference to space and time as required in the language does not significantly materialize in different attitudes toward them.
2012
The paper reports on the speaker-oriented demonstrative clitics =ka 'near speaker', =ra 'not in the speaker's interactional space', and =nta 'far from the speaker'. It is shown that in situational (deictic) use, the most relevant criteria for the three-way choice are the referent's spatial contiguity to the speaker, touching or direct contact with the referent, pointing with a hand or chin, and eye gaze. Apart from serving as markers of nominal definiteness, the bound forms are found to be used anaphorically, as well as to introduce new participants and mark 'discourse-new-but-hearer-old' information. The bound forms are also used on the syntactic levels of predication and subordination. On the predication level, =ka, =ra, =nta function either as adverbial locality clitics or modal operators, whereas in clause combining the bound forms occur as subordinating temporal or locative conjunctions.
On Morphological Analysis of Spatial Deixis in Mǝriaq-mǝriqu Dialect of Sasak Language
ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 2020
This paper concentrates on the spatial deixis and its morphological structures in Mǝriaq-mǝriqu dialect of Sasak language. It includes in a typological study with qualitative method. This research employs two forms of data; primary data and secondary data. The primary data include the information obtained from the informants from every dialect. Secondary data are the data obtained from any documents of Sasak language such as folklore. There are two methods of data collection; field linguistic method and library method. Of the two methods, there are two techniques used in collecting data: Observation and interview. The results of this study accommodated all types of demonstratives by Diessel (1999) and Dixon (1988) and discover some new types contributing to the theory. The types of spatial deixis in this dialect are pronominal, adnominal, quantifier, intensifier, identificational, adverbial, verbal, and referential. In term of morphological structure, the demonstrative in this diale...
Deixis in the Sumbawa Besar Dialect of Sumbawa
2014
This paper offers an overview of Sumbawa deixis in the Sumbawa Besar dialect, a language spoken in the western part of Sumbawa Island in Indonesia. Personal deixis distinguishes the three common persons: number (singular and plural) is distinguished only in the first and second person, while speech level is distinguished in the first and second person singular. The basic set of the spatial demonstrative exhibits three-term distinctions according to distance from the reference point, as follows: ta-nearer the speaker than the addressee; nan-nearer the addressee than the speaker; and ana-distant from both the speaker and the addressee. Temporal deixis adopts two of these demonstratives, namely, proximal ta and distal ana. In addition to situational use, ta and nan have cataphoric and anaphoric uses, respectively. Ta also functions in narratives to indicate the important entities in a plot and thus makes the plot easy to understand. In addition to the basic set of spatial demonstratives, the form tó' is used in noun phrases to refer to an entity or situation that is visible to either the speaker or the addressee, but whose presence is not recognized by the addressee. 1 Adelaar (2005b) postulates Malayo-Sumbawan as a larger subgroup within the Malayo-Polynesian family. The Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa group is included in this subgroup together with Chamic, Malayic, Sundanese, and Madurese. This classification is not compatible with the Greater North Borneo (GNB) subgroup hypothesis postulated by Blust (2010), in that the GNB includes Malayo-Chamic and Sundanese as well as all the languages of Borneo except the Barito family, but not Balinese, Sasak, and Madurese. In his claim for the GNB subgroup, Blust (2010) casts doubt on the evidence presented by Adelaar for the Malayo-Sumbawan subgroup.
DEIXIS ANALYSIS OF SOLILOQUIES IN KALANGKANG: A LANGUAGE STUDY OF WEST JAVA (SUNDANESE
This study aims at investigating the types and reference of deixis in Kalangkang drama script. To do so, the writer uses the qualitative method. The techniques of data collection are discourse and document analysis.There are three types of deixis, namely: person, spatial and temporal. Based onthe findings and discussion pages, the writer found the three types of deixis: person (1st and 3rd person), spatial (proximal and distal) and temporal (move toward and away from us). Darma is the reference from kuring(I/myself/mine), Rukmini is the reference from manéhna(she/her) in the first soliloquy and Rahmi is the reference from manéhna (she/her) in the second soliloquy.There are éta (that),ieu(this),kieu(like this), wanci kieu (in this time), di dieu (here) andmulang (gone) as the deictic expressions of spatial deixis. Also, there are sesa umur(the rest of life),sabaraha lila(how long),anyar kénéh(brand new) and ahirna(finally) as the deictic expressions of temporal deixis.
ORIENTATION OR LOCATION? A CASE-STUDY OF JAMINJUNG AND KRIOL
This paper deals with the notion of orientation within the typology of Frames of Reference (FoR) in Jaminjung, a Non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal Language spoken in the Victoria River area in the Northern Territory and Kriol, an English-lexified creole which is now the major community language in the area. Levinson (2003, 2006) influentially proposed the existence of three FoRs in natural languages, namely intrinsic (involving an object-centred coordinate system), relative, (a coordinate system centred on the main axis of the body), and absolute (horizontal as well as vertical fixed directions). An approach developed by Terrill and Burenhult (2008) states that orientation in some languages rather than a particular FoR is used to establish spatial reference. These languages seem not to employ independent cues to impose external coordinates and do not describe location. It has been observed by Schultze-Berndt (2006) that Jaminjung usually only uses absolute terms in large-scale space and only to indicate location of a place or entity relative to the deictic centre. In small-scale descriptions only orientational information is given in absolute coordinates, while ‘standing’ (placement) information is given in terms of intrinsic coordinates. 1) mayi=biya jirrama bunthu-yu, man=now two 3du-BE.PRS janyungbari ngiyina-wurla ga-yu=ni juwiya, other PROX-DIR 3sg-BE.PRS=SFOC nose janyungbari manamba-ngining ga-yu \ other upstream-L.ALL 3sg-BE.PRS ‘there are two men, one has his nose that way, the other is facing upstream’ (Men & Tree 4.10; 4.9 matched. Director and matcher facing towards the river; river visible) (Schultze-Berndt, 2006) 109 This paper intends to investigate the use of orientation rather than location further in Jaminjung and Kriol. In addition to a comparative study in the respective languages, the paper also considers possible differences between static and motion descriptions of orientation. The investigation will be based on a 40 hour corpus of Jaminjung compiled by Schultze-Berndt during the last 15 years. Kriol data is taken from published examples in Sandefur (1979, 1982), Munro (2005), Meakins (2007), and unpublished texts recorded by Denise Angelo (1998 in Katherine) and a small corpus by Schultze-Berndt. The use of ad-hoc landmarks seems to be preferred over directionals in small-scale motion, as observed by Terrill and Burenhult (2008). This might also apply for Jaminjung. For Kriol, it can be observed that the landmark term taun-wei might fit into the orientation approach. Not absolute FoR cardinal points but actual profile or landmark features are used to indicate intrinsic FoR. 2) Melan go-bek den langa modiga, 1PLexcl go-back then LOC car \ go langa taun-wei. go LOC town-towards ‘Then we went back to the car and headed towards town.’ (Sandefur 1982, lesson 32) Levinson, Stephen C. 2003. Space in Language and Cognition. Explorations in Cognitive Diversity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Levinson, Stephen C., and Wilkins, David. 2006. Grammars of space : explorations in cognitive diversity: Language, culture, and cognition ; 6. Cambridge, UK ; New York: Cambridge University Press. Meakins, Felicity. 2007. Case-Marking in Contact: the Development and Function of Case Morphology in Gurundji Kriol, an Australian Mixed Language., Department of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, University of Melbourne. Munro, Jane. 2005. Substrate Influence in Kriol: The application of transfer constraints in language contact in Northern Australia, University of New England. Sandefur, John. 1979. An Australian creole in the Northern Territory: A description of Ngukurr-Bamyili dialects (Part 1). Darwin. Sandefur, John. 1982. An Introduction to conversational Kriol: Working Papers of SIL-AAIB Series B. Darwin: SIL. Schultze-Berndt, Eva. 2006. Sketch of a Jaminjung Grammar of Space. In Grammars of Space, eds. Stephen C. Levinson and David P. Wilkins, 63-113. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Terrill, Angela, and Burenhult, Niclas. 2008. Orientation as a strategy of spatial reference. Studies in Language 32:93-136.
The Use of Adverbial Time in Bimanese Language: A Case Study in Bajo Village
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Indonesia, 2022
This study aims to determine the category of using adverbs of time in Bimanese language and how the Bimanese use adverbs of time in the sentences. The samples of this study were eight participants, the native speakers of Bimanese language in Bajo Village. The data research were obtained by means of interviews, observation, audio recording, and taking note. The category of using adverb of time in Bimanese language consists of three categories. First was present category. The researchers found three categories used by Bimanese people, namely: simple present, present continuous, and present perfect. The second category was past tense. There were three categories used by the Bimanese people, namely: simple past, past continuous, and past perfect. The third category was future. In this category the researchers only found one category, namely future time.
Deixis and Demonstratives in Oceanic languages, 2004
In this paper I present a description and analysis of the uses of spatially deictic words, which covers demonstratives and place adverbs, in Saliba, a Western Oceanic language of Papua New Guinea. The language has a three-way distinction for spatially deictic terms, distinguishing two proximal forms (one speaker-based and one addressee-based) and a distal one. This three-way distinction holds across four form classes: free emphatic demonstratives, clause-final demonstratives, place deictics, and demonstrative clitics/particles. Diessel (1999) describes four syntactic contexts in which spatially deictic forms are attested in the languages of the world: (i) they can occur as independent pronouns in argument position, (ii) they may modify a noun, (iii) they may modify a verb, and (iv) they may occur in copular and non-verbal clauses. As Diessel describes, many languages have deictic forms which can occur in more than one of these contexts. Saliba demonstratives and place adverbs can occur in the four syntactic contexts listed by Diessel, but we find that not only several syntactic functions can be performed by a single form class but also more than one form class may occur in the same syntactic function.
Absolute spatial deixis and proto-toponyms in Kata Kolok
This paper presents an overview of spatial deictic structures in Kata Kolok, a sign language which is indigenous to a Balinese village community. Sociolinguistic surveys and lexicographic comparisons have indicated that Kata Kolok is unrelated to the signing varieties in other parts of Bali and should be considered a sign language isolate as such. Kata Kolok emerged five generations ago and has been in intimate contact with spoken Balinese from its incipience. The findings from this paper suggest that this cross-modal contact has led to an absolute construction of the signing space, which is radically different in comparison to spatial deixis in other sign languages. Furthermore, Kata Kolok does not seem to have a class of true toponyms, but rather deploys deictic proto-toponyms. The Kata Kolok system on the whole does not exhibit any related linguistic forms or direct calques from spoken Balinese, and this suggests that the conceptual overlap between these two languages may have been facilitated by shared cultural practices as well as gestural communication rather than direct borrowings. Ultimately, this analysis challenges the very notion of a sign language isolate and suggests that Kata Kolok and other emergent signing varieties should be considered in light of the broader semiotic context in which they have evolved.