Synthesis and characterization of semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel based on chitosan and poly(methacryloylglycylglycine) (original) (raw)
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Thermal, swelling and stability kinetics of chitosan based semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels
Fibers and Polymers, 2017
The present study is focused on studying the swelling kinetics, thermal and aqueous stabilities, and determination of various forms of water in the chitosan (CS) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) blend and semi-interpenetrating polymer network (sIPN). CS/PAN blend hydrogel films were prepared by solution casting technique. The blend film with optimum swelling properties was selected for the synthesis of sIPN. CS in the blend was crosslinked with the vapors of Glutaraldehyde (GTA) to prepare sIPN. The fabricated CS/PAN blend and sIPN hydrogels films were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The kinetics of swelling, bound and unbound waters and aqueous stability were determined experimentally. FESEM showed good miscibility between CS and PAN, FTIR showed no chemical interaction between CS and PAN; however, it did show a doublet for the sIPN, TGA showed improved thermal stability and swelling kinetic followed second order kinetics. The degree of swelling of the sIPN hydrogels samples at room temperature varied from ~2200 % (with a fair degree of stability (~30 %)) to ~1000 % (with high degree of aqueous stability (43 %)) with increase in the crosslinking time. The calculated unbound water (W
In the past few years, the drug delivery systems based on chitosan have drawn tremendous attention, because of their versatility, specificity, non-toxic, accurate and biodegradable nature. The hydrogels synthesized herein combine the properties of a polysaccharide (chitosan) with those of a sugar derived oligomer obtained through chemical modifications performed on pure D-glucose and D-mannose. First, the modification of the sugar raw materials (glucose/mannose) was carried out in order to obtain two oligomers containing a maleic skeleton. These oligomers, G and M were characterized previously. The synthesis of the hydrogels was carried out in aqueous solution, at 60 C, using a weight ratio G(M):chitosan:HEMA = 1:1:5. The new hydrogels were tested for their thermal stability and their morphology was investigated using SEM/EDX. The hydrogels were also tested for their swelling behavior, and the kinetics of the including/release process was also assessed.
ACS Omega
Today, many chemical modifications are being made to increase the utilization of chitosan and to make the best use of it. In this study, four novel cross-linked chitosan derivatives in the form of hydrogel (CS-L1 CS-L2, CS-L3, and CS-L4) were prepared by the condensation of chitosan with anisole-based phenolic and nonphenolic aromatic dicarbonyls. Structural analyses were performed by elemental analysis (C, H, N), scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, 13 C-CP/MAS (cross-polarization, magic angle spinning) nuclear magnetic resonance, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. Metal ion uptake capacities were studied for selected transitionmetal cations in aqueous medium. The amount of metal ions was determined by microwave plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. In addition, the swelling behaviors were investigated at different temperatures (25 and 37°C) and at different pH values (3, 7, and 10). The order of the selectivity of cross-linked chitosan derivatives toward metal ions was found to be Cu(II) > Cd(II) > Fe(II) > Co(II) > Ni(II). The results showed that the derivatives exhibited the property of hydrogel and suggest that they could be applied in many areas such as metal removing, water removing, and biological applications.
Sorption characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2003
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/chitosan interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) were prepared by UV irradiation. The water sorption behavior of the IPNs was measured at various temperatures and humidity levels. The water uptake of IPN13 is greater than that of other IPNs. Vapor sorption behavior is more affected by the density of water vapor than by hydrophilic properties with increasing temperature. Equilibrium water uptake increases as humidity increases, and the increase is more noticeable at high humidity. The sorption system of all IPNs is a relaxation-controlled mechanism at a relative humidity (RH) of 90%, but it is a Fickian diffusion-controlled mechanism when the RH is below 50%. With an increase in humidity, the diffusion coefficients were found to increase due to greater penetration of water into the IPNs.
Adsorption Efficiency versus Swelling Rates Of Chitosan Hydrogel Interpenetrating Network of Beads
2018
The presence of synthetic textile dyes in aqueous effluents, out streamed by industries causes terrible environmental pollution. Most of the synthetic textile dyes are recalcitrant, poisonous and degradation resistant, hence, naturally occurring polymers have been found to be an exceptional substance for biotechnological utilization due to having their distinct properties like biological compatibility with existing environment, nontoxicity and biodegradability. Chitosan, a deacetylated compound of chitin obtained from skin of crustacean fish is (1→ 4) 2amino 2-deoxy β – D glucan and is now a familiar biodegradable polymer metabolized by human enzymes. It can be prepared as interpenetrating network of hydrogel as micro and nano sized beads, having a positive charge at wide pH range. These beads are attempted to remove some of metals and other pollutant from water. Chitosan beads of varying composition and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde have been prepared by us to study their removal...
TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2021
In the last few decades, acrylic acid-chitosan amphiphilic superabsorbent hydrogels have received great research interest because these hydrogels can uptake a large amount of water and have antibacterial activities [1, 2]. Due to their excellent properties, chitosan-acrylic acid hydrogels play a key role in wastewater treatment [3, 4]. Chitosan has been known as a renewable biopolymer with considerable biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, etc. Its properties can be altered under mild conditions due to its reactive amino and hydroxyl group [5]. However, the swelling ratio of chitosan is high just at a low pH value. Introducing poly(acrylic acid) is a potential role to amend the swelling degree of chitosan in a variety of pH values [6]. Ge et al. [7] synthesized the superabsorbent polymer based on chitosan-acrylic acid using the thermal reaction. Shim and coworkers [8] prepared Gamma irradiated poly(acrylic acid)-chitosan hydrogels for the purpose of increasing the drug release aptitude. They reported that release behavior of the drug, 5-fluorouacil from the hydrogel was different based on the pH value of the medium, monomer percentage, and the radiation dose. Zheng et al. [9] investigated the recovery of a valuable metal Ni 2+ using aqueous dispersion polymerized chitosan-acrylic acid hydrogel. They observed that the prepared absorbent had a good affinity to Ni 2+. Also, it is observed that chelation interaction among the carboxylated group, and Ni 2+ is the main mechanism of absorption. Today, numerous kinds of hydrogels have been formed. Among them, amphiphilic semi-interpenetrating networks (semi-IPN) have been extensively favored because of their excellent properties [10-12]. Marjub et al. [13] used Acrylic acid-chitosan semi-IPN hydrogel for copper (II) and lead (II) ions adsorption from waste water. Torrado and coworkers [14] investigated the drug release behavior of PAAc-chitosan hydrogels. In semi-IPN hydrogels, each polymer network retains its individual characteristics like its homopolymer as well as, when one portion shrinks or swells, another portion could be created for supporting via repulsive and attractive interaction of the whole network. It is noteworthy that when an amphiphilic semi-IPN hydrogel swells, the network can constitute hydrophobic interaction, suggesting the reduction of the swelling degree of the hydrophilic network [15-17]. The aim of this study was to synthesize amphiphilic semi-IPN hydrogels based on acrylic acid and chitosan and characterize their swelling behavior. For this purpose, free radical polymerization was performed using AIBN as a free
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2011
Semi and full interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels were synthesized by allowing free radical copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in the matrix of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH). Accordingly, four different semi IPN hydrogels were prepared with PVOH: copolymer mass ratio of 1 : 1, 1 : 0.75, 1 : 0.5, and 1 : 0.25. These hydrogels were designated as SEMIIPN1, SEMIIPN2, SEMIIPN3, and SEMI-IPN4, respectively. In all of these SEMIIPN, after polymerization PVOH was crosslinked with 2 mass % glutaraldehyde to form the semi IPN structure. In a similar way, sequential full IPN were prepared from PVOH and copolymer of AA and HEMA (designated as PAA-HEMA) with same composition except in this case apart from crosslinking of PVOH by 2 mass % glutaraldehyde the PAAHEMA copolymer was further crosslinked with N,N 0-methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA) to produce four full IPN hydrogels designated as FULLIPN1, FULLIPN2, FULLIPN3, and FULLIPN4. All of these semi and full IPN type hydrogels were characterized by carboxylic %, FTIR, UV, DTA-TGA, XRD, SEM, and mechanical properties. The network parameters, swelling and diffusion characteristics of these hydrogels were also studied. The performance of these semi and full IPNs were compared in terms of their relative abilities for removing varied concentration of rhodamine B (RB) and methyl Violet (MV) dyes from water. V
Kinetics, absorption and diffusion mechanism of crosslinked Chitosan Hydrogels
Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences
Green polymers are extremely useful for various environmental applications. One such biopolymer is Chitosan. In this study, crosslinked and physical Chitosan hydrogels were synthesized. The swelling of disc-shaped hydrogels crosslinked using different concentrations of Glutaraldehyde were compared with physical film and bead shaped hydrogels. Best swelling of around 3000% was observed in case of square film shaped hydrogels but they lacked rigidity and dissolved in mild acids. In case of crosslinked hydrogels, as the crosslinker concentration increased, the hydrogels entrapped less water but gained better mechanical strength. Characterization of synthesized crosslinked hydrogels was carried out using FTIR, TGA and DSC. Equilibrium swelling results indicated more water absorption at acidic pH (2.5). Simultaneously, increase in temperature led to enhancement of swelling degree. The hydrogels trapped more water leading to increased swelling, in case of lower molar salt concentrations. Second order kinetics was followed due to stress relaxation of polymeric chain. Diffusion was found to be anomalous since exponent values lied between 0.5 and 1. Peleg"s and Exponential association model were used to carry out absorption modeling. The data was found to fit the Peleg"s absorption model. Degree of swelling is a major factor for deciding a hydrogels utility. Swelling ability, biocompatibility and availability of lone pairs of oxygen and nitrogen on the surface of CS makes it ideal for applications in drug delivery, controlled release of fertilizers and adsorption of environmental contaminants.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2004
The synthesis and characterisation of semi-interpenetrating polymeric networks obtained by the radical-induced polymerisation of N-isopropylacrylamide in the presence of chitosan using tetraethyleneglycoldiacrylate as the crosslinker is described. The influence of the degree of crosslinking and that of the ratio of chitosan to poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) on the "pH/temperature induced" phase transition behaviour and swelling characteristics of the hydrogel system are investigated. The ability of the same system to act as a controlled release vehicle for pilocarpine hydrochloride is evaluated.
Progress in the development of interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels
Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2008
Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) have been the subject of extensive study since their advent in the 1960s. Hydrogel IPN systems have garnered significant attention in the last two decades due to their usefulness in biomedical applications. Of particular interest are the mechanical enhancements observed in ''double network'' IPN systems which exhibit nonlinear increases in fracture properties despite being composed of otherwise weak polymers. We have built upon pioneering work in this field as well as in responsive IPN systems to develop an IPN system based on end-linked poly-(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and loosely crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with hydrogen bondreinforced strain-hardening behavior in water and high initial Young's moduli under physiologic buffer conditions through osmotically induced pre-stress. Uniaxial tensile tests and equilibrium swelling measurements were used to study PEG/PAA IPN hydrogels having second networks prepared with varying crosslinking and photoinitiator content, pH, solids content, and comonomers. Studies involving the addition of non-ionic comonomers and neutralization of the second network showed that template polymerization appears to be important in the formation of mechanically enhanced IPNs.