Reciprocal peer tutoring effect on high frequency sight word learning, retention, and generalization of first- and second-grade urban elementary school students (original) (raw)

2003

Abstract

.............................................................................................................................. ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... v Vita..................................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... xi List of Figures ................................................................................................................... xii Chapters: 1. Introduction................................................................................................................ 1 Rational for Teaching Sight Words ....................................................................... 2 Peer Tutoring ......................................................................................................... 4 Purpose of Study .................................................................................................... 6 Research Questions................................................................................................ 6 2. Review of Literature .................................................................................................. 7 Elementary Urban Education................................................................................. 7 Reading Instruction.............................................................................................. 10 Basal Approach................................................................................................ 13 Whole Language .............................................................................................. 14 Direct Instruction ............................................................................................. 14 Sight Word Recognition and Comprehension ..................................................... 17 Summary .............................................................................................................. 19 Active Student Responding.................................................................................. 20 Choral Responding........................................................................................... 23 Response Cards................................................................................................ 24 Guided Notes ................................................................................................... 27 Peer Tutoring ................................................................................................... 28 Peer Tutoring and Teaching Sight Words............................................................ 29 viii Peer-Mediated Instruction.................................................................................... 31 Cooperative Learning....................................................................................... 32 Peer Tutoring ................................................................................................... 32 History of Peer Tutoring .............................................................................. 33 Cross-Age Peer Tutoring ............................................................................. 34 Reverse Role Tutoring ................................................................................. 35 Class-Wide Peer Tutoring............................................................................ 36 Reciprocal Peer Tutoring ............................................................................. 37 Benefits of Peer Tutoring............................................................................. 38 Summary .............................................................................................................. 44 3. Method ..................................................................................................................... 46 Participants........................................................................................................... 46 Setting .................................................................................................................. 47 Experimenter and Research Assistants ................................................................ 49 Definition and Measurement of the Dependent Variables................................... 49 Interobserver Agreement (IOA) for Dependent Variables .................................. 52 Intervention Integrity ........................................................................................... 53 Materials…

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