Hydroxyapatite (HAp) From Tenggiri Fish Bones As Abrasive Material In Toothpaste Formula (original) (raw)
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The Effect of Hydroxyapatite from Various Toothpastes on Tooth Enamel
Revista de Chimie, 2019
The process of re-demineralisation is governed by the degree of mineral saturation of oral fluids. Due to positive changes in conditions, remineralisation can become the predominant process leading to the healing of injuries. To improve remineralisation, it is necessary to increase the concentration of calcium and fluoride in oral fluids. For this purpose, fluorides have traditionally been used in varied forms and concurrently, the cariostatic mechanism can be explained by increasing the force of fluorapatites. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate the importance of using toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite on tooth enamel and how to operate at microscopic level by sealing the enamel and enamel prism defects etched by acid. The specimens obtained from extracted teeth were treated with different types of toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite: Biorepair, Sensodyne Repair & Protect and Lacalut White & Repair. We treated the teeth with the aforementioned toothpastes, followed the s...
Properties of Hydroxyapatite from Bovine Teeth
Bone and Tissue Regeneration Insights, 2010
The objective of this work was to study the production of hydroxyapatite (HA) from bovine teeth. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was produced from bovine teeth powder after calcination at 1150 °C. It was discovered that the sample preparation process influences its properties, so, crystal structure and thermal stability of HA were investigated. The X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) results confirmed that HA has been successfully produced. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) study confirmed the presence of hydroxyl (OH-) and phosphate (PO 4-3) functional groups. The scanning electronic microscope (SEM) was employed to identify the surface morphology of HA, and showed the nanoporous structure throughout the matrix. The sample constituents such as Ca, P, K ... etc., and their values were determined by Energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX).
Hydroxyapatite in Oral Care Products—A Review
Materials
Calcium phosphate compounds form the inorganic phases of our mineralised tissues such as bone and teeth, playing an important role in hard tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In dentistry and oral care products, hydroxyapatite (HA) is a stable and biocompatible calcium phosphate with low solubility being used for various applications such as tooth remineralisation, reduction of tooth sensitivity, oral biofilm control, and tooth whitening. Clinical data on these products is limited with varied results; additionally, the effectiveness of these apatite compounds versus fluoride, which has conventionally been used in toothpaste, has not been established. Therefore, this review critically evaluates current research on HA oral care, and discusses the role and mechanism of HA in remineralisation of both enamel and dentine and for suppressing dentine sensitivity. Furthermore, we position HA’s role in biofilm management and highlight the role of HA in dental applications by summari...
Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite from bovine bone for production of dental implants
Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials
This paper presents a study on the synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite that can be used to produce dental implants or serves as a replacement for other body hard tissues. The bioceramic material (hydroxyapatite) was derived from bovine bone samples after they were de-fatted and processed to produce particles measuring less than 250 μm. Processed bone powders were calcinated at 750℃ to obtain calcium phosphate compound (hydroxyapatite). This indicated complete elimination of the organic phase of the bone. The synthesized hydroxyapatite was physicochemically characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hydroxyapatite powder was sintered into a block and then characterized mechanically by measuring its hardness using a Rockwell hardness testing machine. The hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the sintered blocked specimens were studied. The average wettability of the substrate, which was a characteristic of the contact angle, was found to be approximately 31.73 degrees. This contact angle value is a measure of the material hydrophilicity. The biostability/corrosive resistance of the sintered samples was simulated in vitro in phosphate buffered saline solution (pH 7.4) by incubating in an optical incubator shaker (set at 60 revolutions per minute) to mimic physiological conditions. The results showed that hydroxyapatite can be extracted economically from a natural source such as bovine bone and can be employed as a restorative biomaterial for dental implants and hard tissue replacement.
Materials
This research work aims to develop functional toothpastes with combined enamel remineralization and antibacterial effects using nano-hydroxyapatites (nHAPs) and birch extract. Eleven toothpastes (notated as P1–P11) were designed featuring different concentrations of birch extract and a constant concentration of pure nHAPs or substituted nHAPs (HAP-5%Zn, HAP-0.23%Mg-3.9%Zn-2%Si-10%Sr, and HAP-2.5%Mg-2.9%Si-1.34%Zn). In vitro assessments involved treating artificially demineralized enamel slices and analyzing surface repair and remineralization using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The Agar Disk Diffusion method was used to measure antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus aureus. Topographic images of enamel structure and surface roughness, as well as the ability of nHAP nanoparticles to form self-assembled layers, revealed excellent restorative properties of the tested toothpastes, with e...
Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 2019
Background: Dental caries is a recognized worldwide public health problem. Despite being one of the most effective strategies against dental caries, the excessive use of fluorine may result in a potential risk of developing dental fluorosis especially in children under age of six. The purpose of this work is to analyze a fluorine-free toothpaste containing Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite to assess enamel re-mineralizing and repairing properties. Results: The study was performed in vitro and in vivo, comparing the hydroxyapatite toothpaste with two others toothpaste containing different fluorine concentrations. The coating effect of the micro-structured Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles reintegrates the enamel with a biomimetic film reproducing the structure and the morphology of the biologic Hydroxyapatite of the enamel. As demonstrated, the coating is due to the deposit of a new layer of apatite, which presents fewer particles than the natural enamel, not based on the chemical-physical changes occurring in fluorinated toothpastes. Moreover, it shows resistance to brushing as a consequence of chemical bonds between the synthetic and natural crystals of the enamel. Conclusions: The use of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite toothpastes has proven to be a valuable prevention measure against dental caries in primary dentition since it prevents the risk of fluorosis.
Comparison of Properties of Hydroxyapatite Powders Synthesized by Chemical and Biomimetic Techniques
Acta Physica Polonica A, 2012
Hydroxyapatite [HA; Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2 ] which composes inorganic phase of bones and teeth is one of the biomedical materials for artificial bone, reconstruction of broken or disordered bones, coating of metallic biomedical materials and dental surgery with its great biocompatibility. In this study, HA powders were synthesized from aqueous suspensions containing H 3 PO 4 and Ca(OH) 2 with 1.67 Ca/P ratios (chemical HA, CHA) and second process is carried out in simulated body fluids consisting of (NH 4) 2 HPO 4 and Ca(NO 3) 2 •4H 2 O as biomimetic hydroxyapatite (BHA). Moreover, properties of bovine HA (BoHA) and commercial HA (CoHA) were compared with properties of synthesized HA powders. Chemical structures of synthesized powders have been examined by the Fourier transform infrared technique and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that BHA powders have a pure HA content and no secondary phase, CHA also has monetite phase as secondary phase with HA in its structure. Particle size analysis was carried out with laser particle sizer and zeta-sizer, surface area of powders has been analyzed by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller technique. Powder morphology is determined using scanning electron microscopy. As a result two different synthesis methods affected properties of HA powders.
Overview on Adjunct Ingredients Used in Hydroxyapatite-Based Oral Care Products
Biomimetics
Hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3(OH), is a biomimetic active ingredient, which is used in commercial oral care products such as toothpastes and mouthwashes worldwide. Clinical studies (in vivo) as well as in situ and in vitro studies have shown the preventive effects of hydroxyapatite in various field of oral care. In some products, hydroxyapatite is combined with other active ingredients, to achieve an additional antibacterial effect or to promote gum health. This review analyzes the efficacy of six selected natural and nature-inspired ingredients that are commonly used together with hydroxyapatite. These additional actives are either antibacterial (lactoferrin, xylitol, and zinc) or promote gum health (allantoin, bisabolol, and hyaluronic acid). A systematic literature search was performed, and all studies found on each ingredient were analyzed. In summary, all analyzed ingredients mentioned in this review are well described in scientific studies on their beneficial effect for oral healt...
European Journal of Dentistry, 2020
Objectives Particulate hydroxyapatite (HAP; Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) is a biomimetic oral care ingredient. One mode of action in caries-susceptible individuals may be the adhesion/incorporation of HAP into dental plaque. Therefore, the aim of this in vivo study was to analyze the 3-day effects of a newly developed hydroxyapatite-based oral care gel on the calcium and phosphorus levels within the dental plaque of children. Materials and Methods This study was conducted in Kebon Padangan at Bali in Indonesia. Thirty-four children (mean age, 8.9 years; mean DMF-T [decayed, missing, and filled teeth; permanent teeth], 0.6; mean dmft-t [primary teeth] 4.5) were included in the study. The gel was applied thrice for 3 days by an experienced dentist. Dental plaque was collected at baseline and after the study. Levels of calcium and phosphorus of plaque samples were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Statistical Analysis Medians for both calcium and phosphorus levels were calculated (ba...
Enamel benefits of a new hydroxyapatite containing fluoride toothpaste
International Dental Journal, 2009
Casalpusterlengo, ltaly Objectives: T o evaluate the enamel benefits of a new toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite (HAP) and sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP). Methods: Salivary pellicle coated sound bovine enamel specimens were cycled six times through either HAP/water slurry or water alone treatments, followed by citric acid (15mM or 50mM, pH 3.8) challenges and saliva. The extent of enamel demineralisation was determined by changes in the enamel surface microhardness (SMH). In a second study, the sound enamel specimens were treated with either water, non-fluoride toothpaste, the HAP/SMFP toothpaste or the HAP/SMFP toothpaste pre-treated with a phosphatase enzyme, followed by a citric acid challenge (50mM, pH 3.8) and saliva. Changes in SMH were det~rmined after six cycles. The reduction in enamel demineralisation by the HAP/SMFP toothpaste was further evaluated in a pH cycling experiment where the acid challenge was 50mM acetic acid (pH 5.0) for 60mins. The remineralisation of sub-surface enamel lesions was measured via changes in SMH following treatment with the HAP/SMFP toothpaste or control toothpastes. In a radiçlabelled study, sound and subsurface enamellesions were treated with 45 Ca labelled HAP toothpaste in an in vitro pH cycling study and the uptake of labelled calciun1 determined. Results: The HAP water slurry significantly (p<0.05) reduced the enamel demineralisation caused by the citric acid challenges, at both concentrations, compared to the water controls. The HAP/SMFP toothpaste significantly (p<0.05) reduced the enamel demineralisation caused by both citric acid and acetic acid challenges compared to the control treatments. In the remineralisation study, the HAP/SMFP toothpaste significantly (p<0.05) increased the remineralisation of enamel compared to a non-fluoride toothpaste. The radiolabelled HAP toothpaste study demonstrated the uptake of calcium to sound enamel and subsurface enamellesions. Conclusions: A new HAP/SMFP containing toothpaste significantly (p<0.05) reduced the demineralisation of enamel caused by acid challenges compared to control treatments and significantly (p<0.05) increased the remineralisation of sub-surface enamellesions compared to a non-fluoride toothpaste. A radiolabelled HAP study has demonstrated that calcium ion.s from the HAP are available to be involved in enamel remineralisation processes that are relevant to help protection from dental erosion and dental caries in vivo.