4CPS-194 Clinical impact of a pharmacist-led discharge medication review service: an analysis of prevalence and acceptance of interventions (original) (raw)

2022, Section 4: Clinical pharmacy services

scored CR technical feasibility (no, hardly, easily, very easily-feasible). 'Very relevant' and 'easily feasible' CR were retained if average criticality score was 'high' when applicable for different specialties (assessed by numerous experts) or 'extreme' when applicable for a specific specialty (assessed by only one expert). Results Fifty-six CR potentially relevant for children were selected from the literature and divided into five risk classes: drug contraindicated (34%), medication and abnormal laboratory value (27%), drug-drug interaction (19%), inadequate administration mode (11%) and prescription omission (9%). Twenty-four CR were retained after expert assessment, 8 (33.3%) concerned both groups, 14 (58.3%) were specific for group A and 2 (8.3%) for group B. The three most critical CR involved prescribing potassium and hyperkalaemia, glucose-lowering drugs and hypoglycaemia, and vancomycin not adjusted to renal function. Development in CDSS was assessed as 'very easily' feasible for 5 CR (21%) including 3 CR (12.5%) concerning both groups. We identified 24 CR in five risk classes that could be monitored using our CDSS. Assessment based on expert opinion according to risk (criticality), clinical practice (relevance) and technical consideration (feasibility) allowed CR prioritisation to be developed. One-fifth of CR would be immediately implementable with some likely to cover the entire paediatric department since they are common to both groups. A pilot study using these CR will assess the workload associated with this new practice.

Terms used to describe and define activities undertaken as a result of the medication review process: Do they require standardisation? A systematic review

International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

Background Medication review (MR) is the systematic assessment of a patient’s medications by a healthcare practitioner. It is necessary to compare such MR interventions to rationalise differences between them and assess their impact. The development of an international taxonomy for terms used to describe activities undertaken within the MR process would facilitate quality of reporting, and the comparison of different interventions. Aim To identify overarching and individual MR activity terms and definitions reported within studies where MR was the main intervention. Method A systematic review of the literature was performed using search terms for ‘Intervention’ and ‘Outcome’. Papers with empirical data reporting and describing MR activities in English were included. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool was used to assess research quality. Two researchers reviewed all included literature independently. Data extraction was performed using Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Car...

A Measure to Determine Acceptable Workload for Increasing Operational Efficiencies for the Conduct of Clinical Trials

2020

As the demands for the conduct of clinical trials rise, it becomes increasingly important to establish a quantitative means of estimating the appropriate staffing resource to coordinate trial related activities. There has been a limited amount of research conducted to evaluate methods or tools to measure workload in the clinical trial setting. A literature search revealed a gap in the literature about tools used to measure workload and its impact on clinical trial performance and job satisfaction. The aim of this pilot project was to test the Ontario Protocol Assessment Level (OPAL) complexity rating tool in generating quantitative measurements of workload for the purpose of assessing operational efficiencies and identifying opportunities for process improvement changes. The pilot project was conducted in a clinical trials unit consisting of clinical research nurses (CRN), clinical research coordinators (CRC) and research managers who participated in the project implementation. Conc...

Evaluation of Medication Administration Process: Tools and Techniques

Health care safety improvement focuses on redesign of high-risk health care processes such as the medication administration process (MAP) to enhance safety and reduce errors. A key limitation of MAP redesign efforts is the lack of validated tools by which to accurately record process observations. This paper discusses a pilot study conducted to develop and evaluate a handheld device application for recording observations of oral MAP functions and tasks. The aim of the study was to leverage existing technology to develop an observation recording device comparable to handwritten recordings commonly used to document workflow observations in health care settings. Device recordings were statistically compared to handwritten recordings of the same MAP functions and tasks. Findings provided preliminary evidence that handheld device recordings were consistent with handwritten recordings for documenting task duration but not task sequence. Interruptions were not examined due to insufficient data and additional research is needed.

Retrospective Evaluation of the Outcomes of Applying the Renal Dosing Monitoring System in a Medical Center

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, 2011

Background: The administration interval and dosage of the drugs must be adjusted properly according to patients' renal functions to diminish adverse effects. The computerized monitoring system was established to modify drug dosing for patients with impaired renal function. The Renal Dosing Monitoring (RDM) system was officially operated in April 2007. Only one pharmacist was assigned to assess the reports and to offer the appropriate recommendations in the beginning of operation. The duties have been taken up by the individual pharmacist in each ward since January 2008. Purpose: A retrospective analysis of the annual outcomes of applying the RDM system was conducted in March 2008. The goal of the study was to assess the outcome of the application of the RDM system. Method: The computerized RDM system was established and applied for screening patients with renal dysfunction. Recommendations for frequency and dosage adjustments were made according to the renal function evaluated. Ranks of the drugs, physicians' acceptance rates, and time to modify prescriptions were assessed by reviewing the documentation of pharmacy interventions. The savings of medication cost was also calculated. Results: The physicians accepted 173 (86%) of the 202 recommendations provided by the pharmacists. Most of the recommendations were related to antibiotics, and gentamicin was the most frequently involved drug. The durations for the physicians to modify their prescriptions were as follows: 142 cases were accomplished within 0e1 day (82%), 26 cases were modified within 2e3 days (15%), and five cases were done after more than 3 days (3%). The total saving was US$5377. The physicians declined the pharmacists' recommendations in 29 cases because of serious infectious conditions in 14 cases (48%), the advice of infection specialists was followed in six cases (21%), and the rest of the cases (31%) had other reasons, such as unwilling to change patients' long-term medications. Conclusion: The study showed that the RDM system could be an aid for pharmacists to evaluate the appropriateness and safety of medication more precisely and effectively.

Is hospital admission a sufficiently sensitive outcome measure for evaluating medication review services? A descriptive analysis of admissions within a randomised controlled trial

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 2007

Objective The aims of the study were: to describe and assess hospital admissions occurring during a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a pharmacist-led medication review service; to describe the admissions in terms of emergency status and main cause; to estimate the potential contribution of pharmaceutical care issues (PCIs) to admission; and to assess the proportion of admissions that could be influenced by a pharmacist intervention. Setting Within the context of a RCT of pharmacists providing medication review for 332 elderly patients living at home, taking at least four repeat medicines, carried out in one region of Scotland. Method Hospital data were obtained for all admissions occurring during the 9-month period studied, summarised and evaluated by two independent medical reviewers for the contribution of PCIs to admission. Two pharmacists assessed the extent to which PCIs were preventable by pharmacist intervention. Key findings Approximately two-thirds of the 77 admissions were unplanned, and two-thirds were to medical wards. Only 17 (22%) of all admissions were considered to be related to PCIs and 10 (13%) possibly preventable by pharmacist intervention. Although the majority of surgical admissions were considered to be unrelated to PCIs (26/29), both unplanned and planned medical admissions were related to PCIs. One of these occurred as a direct result of the pharmacist's recommendation. Conclusion The overall numbers of hospital admissions, medical admissions and unplanned admissions may not be sufficiently sensitive outcome measures for evaluating the impact of pharmacist interventions. Consideration could be given to developing categories of admission that are related to medicines or are likely to be preventable as more relevant measures. Including more details of hospital admissions in future studies may be useful. Another UK study also involving elderly patients following admission to acute medical wards found no effect of a discharge plan produced by a hospital pharmacist being given to the patient, their carer and relevant healthcare professionals on re-admissions. 3 This too seems surprising, given the frequency of adverse drug reactions as a cause of overall hospital admission and the high incidence of drug-related problems contributing to admission in the elderly. 5,6

Multi-Science Publishing Evaluation of Medication Administration Process: Tools and Techniques Evaluation of Medication Administration Process: Tools and Techniques

Health care safety improvement focuses on redesign of high-risk health care processes such as the medication administration process (MAP) to enhance safety and reduce errors. A key limitation of MAP redesign efforts is the lack of validated tools by which to accurately record process observations. This paper discusses a pilot study conducted to develop and evaluate a handheld device application for recording observations of oral MAP functions and tasks. The aim of the study was to leverage existing technology to develop an observation recording device comparable to handwritten recordings commonly used to document workflow observations in health care settings. Device recordings were statistically compared to handwritten recordings of the same MAP functions and tasks. Findings provided preliminary evidence that handheld device recordings were consistent with handwritten recordings for documenting task duration but not task sequence. Interruptions were not examined due to insufficient data and additional research is needed.

Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of pharmacist input at the ward level: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy

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