Quantitative Approach for the Serodiagnosis of Canine Lyme Disease by the Immunoblot Procedure (original) (raw)
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Epidemiological characteristics of dogs with Lyme borreliosis in the province of Soria (Spain)
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2000
From the point of view of the human disease, dogs are the most important animal reservoir of Lyme borreliosis; therefore, they are used as ‘sentinel animals’. In order to know the epidemiological characteristics of dogs with antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi, 146 canine sera samples collected during 1993–94 have been studied. The antibody detection was made by an indirect immunofluorescence method
Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2015
Canine Lyme borreliosis is one of the most common tick-transmitted diseases in the world. The infection is caused by spirochetal bacteria from the genus Borrelia burgdorferi. The principal vectors are various species of slow-feeding hard ticks of the Ixodes complex. Dogs are the most infected animals among the pets. The status of infection due to Borrelia in dogs remains unknown in many areas of Iran. Few studies have been reported on the distribution of this disease in the Iran dog's population, so the aim of this survey was to evaluate the seroprevalence of Borrelia infection in companion dogs in Ahvaz district (southwestern Iran), from October 2011 to August 2013. In the present survey, a total of 168 companion dogs with different ages were examined for serum antibody detection against B. burgdorferi by immunochromatography assay (ICA) (catalog No. RB 21-22). The dogs were selected between referred cases to Veterinary Hospital of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, southwestern Iran. They were classified according to age, sex, season, and region. The studied dogs were divided based on age into three groups (group 1, <1 year; group 2, 1-5 years; and group 3, >5 years) and based on area into five regions (north, east, west, south, and central). The results were analyzed by using chi-square analysis, Fisher's exact test, and Z test. Sixteen out of 168 serum samples (9.52 %) had antibodies against B. burgdorferi (95 % CI for proportion, 5.1-13.9 %). Prevalence was significantly higher in adult dogs above 5 years (19.40 %; 13 out of 67) compared with dogs between 1 and 5 years (3.77 %; 2 out of 53) and less than 1 year (2.08 %; 1 out of 48) (P<0.05). Prevalence was higher in male dogs (10.53 %; 10 out of 95) than in female dogs (8.22 %; 6 out of 73), in the season of summer (11.90 %; 5 out of 42) and west region (11.11 %; 4 out of 36), but the difference was not significant between the prevalence of infection relative to host gender, season, and region (P>0.05). The results of the present study provide useful information on the epidemiology of Lyme diseases in this area, which until now was not studied. Our results emphasize the presence of tick-borne diseases and the need for public health interventions.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1990
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescent-antibody assay (IFA), and Western immunoblot were used to test serum samples from 128 dogs for the presence of antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi. Sera included 72 samples from dogs suspected of having Lyme disease, 32 samples from dogs residing in areas in which Lyme disease was not considered endemic, and 24 samples from dogs with clinical and serologic evidence of immune-mediated disease (n = 10), Rocky Mountain spotted fever (n = 5), or leptospirosis (n = 9). Results of Western immunoblotting were used as the standard against which performances of ELISA and IFA were measured. ELISA was significantly more sensitive than IFA (84.8 versus 66.7%), although both tests were equally specific (93.5%). Eight samples that were positive by Western immunoblot were simultaneously negative by ELISA and IFA. Of these eight, four were from dogs suspected of having immune-mediated disease, two were from dogs suspected of having ...
Lyme Borreliosis in Dogs: Background, Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Treatment and Prevention
Folia veterinaria, 2023
Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a multisystemic tick-borne disease that can affect many organs and have various clinical manifestations in dogs. We attempted to summarise various aspects of Lyme disease: i. e., pathogenesis, epidemiology, benefits and risks of diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and prevention in dogs. Several diagnostic bottlenecks for LB in dogs and humans are compared. Because the occurrence of LB in both humans and dogs is closely related, monitoring its prevalence in dogs as sentinel animals is an excellent aid in assessing the risk of Lyme disease in a given geo graphic area. Although clinical symptoms in humans help clinicians diagnose LB, they are ineffective in dogs because canines rarely exhibit LB symptoms. Despite significant differences in sensitivity and specificity, serological twostep detection of antibodies against Borrelia spp. (ELISA and Western blot) is the most commonly used method in humans and dogs. The limitations of the assay highlight the need for further research to develop new clinical markers and more accurate diagnostic tests. Due to the lack of a specific allencompassing LB test, a definitive diagnosis of LB remains a difficult and timeconsuming process in human and veterinary medicine. Understanding the disease prevalence and diagnostics, as well as preventing its spread with effective and timely treatment, are fundamental principles of good disease management.
Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2005
Lyme disease is the most frequently reported human vector-associated disease in the United States. Infection occurs after the bite of an Ixodid tick that is infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Dogs have often been reported to serve as effective sentinel animals to assess the risk of human B. burgdorferi infection. Based on published data of human Lyme disease case numbers and our clinical impressions, we hypothesized that canine exposure to B. burgdorferi would be lower in North Carolina when compared to the exposure in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. To address this hypothesis, we evaluated B. burgdorferi exposure status utilizing a specific and sensitive C6 peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our convenience sample included 1,666 canine serum samples submitted to the Vector-Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory from North Carolina (n ϭ 987), Virginia (n ؍ 472), Maryland (n ؍ 167), and Pennsylvania (n ؍ 40). Comparisons among states were made using the Chisquare test or the Fisher's exact test; p-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction. A Chi-square test for trend was used to determine if there was an increase in the frequency of seroreactors associated with the geographical origin of the samples. The proportion of seroreactive dogs in North Carolina was markedly lower (p Ͻ 0.008) than that observed in dogs from Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. These results support the hypothesis that B. burgdorferi transmission seems to occur infrequently in North Carolina dogs as compared to dogs residing in other southeastern and mid-Atlantic states. Furthermore, they support the utility of dogs as a sentinel to characterize the risk of B. burgdorferi transmission to humans in a defined geographical location.
Serosurvey of shelter dogs in Virginia for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 1990
Increased interest and concern about Lyme disease in the last several years, along with the close proximity of Maryland's endemic foci, has raised questions about the incidence of Lyme disease in Virginia. A canine seroprevalence survey was undertaken in an attempt to estimate the prevalence of borreliosis in Virginia. An ELISA test was used to detect antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi in sera from 221 shelter dogs from the three different physiographic regions in Virginia. From those animals sampled, only one dog was seropositive, This finding was consistent with other studies which have found limited evidence of Lyme disease in Virginia.
Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2004
Lyme disease is the most frequently reported human vector-associated disease in the United States. Infection occurs after the bite of an Ixodid tick that is infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Dogs have often been reported to serve as effective sentinel animals to assess the risk of human B. burgdorferi infection. Based on published data of human Lyme disease case numbers and our clinical impressions, we hypothesized that canine exposure to B. burgdorferi would be lower in North Carolina when compared to the exposure in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. To address this hypothesis, we evaluated B. burgdorferi exposure status utilizing a specific and sensitive C6 peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our convenience sample included 1,666 canine serum samples submitted to the Vector-Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory from North Carolina (n ϭ 987), Virginia (n ؍ 472), Maryland (n ؍ 167), and Pennsylvania (n ؍ 40). Comparisons among states were made using the Chisquare test or the Fisher's exact test; p-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction. A Chi-square test for trend was used to determine if there was an increase in the frequency of seroreactors associated with the geographical origin of the samples. The proportion of seroreactive dogs in North Carolina was markedly lower (p Ͻ 0.008) than that observed in dogs from Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. These results support the hypothesis that B. burgdorferi transmission seems to occur infrequently in North Carolina dogs as compared to dogs residing in other southeastern and mid-Atlantic states. Furthermore, they support the utility of dogs as a sentinel to characterize the risk of B. burgdorferi transmission to humans in a defined geographical location.
Study on clinical and laboratory diagnostic of Lyme disease in dogs after experimental infection
Acta veterinaria, 2012
Experimental infection was done on 13 dogs, with B. burgdorferi s.l., in the epitzootiological area where Lyme disease in dogs and humans is present. Prior to the experimental infection, dogs in the experiment had no contact with B. burgdorferi, and they were kept in isolation. Serological methods used in the study were complement fixation and ELISA test. Biochemical blood analysis was done, also. The experimental infection of dogs was done with a referent ATCC B. burgdorferi s.l. culture, and with the isolates of B. burgdorferi s.l. previousely gained from Ixodes ricinus ticks collected on selected locations of the observed region in the northern part of Serbia (Vojvodina province). After the experimental infection, clinical symptoms were not seen in dogs and positive serological results were found in 70% of experimentally infected dogs. Immunodiagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of Lyme disease in dogs are established. In dogs without clinical symptoms for Lyme disease, when clarifying the laboratory results, one must have in mind the epizootiological situation of the region and also the possibility of former contact of the dog with B. burgdorferi s.l. For epizootiological surveys, CF can be used as an approximate screening method, with obligatory conformation with ELISA in the case of positive findings.
Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2004
Lyme disease is the most frequently reported human vector-associated disease in the United States. Infection occurs after the bite of an Ixodid tick that is infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Dogs have often been reported to serve as effective sentinel animals to assess the risk of human B. burgdorferi infection. Based on published data of human Lyme disease case numbers and our clinical impressions, we hypothesized that canine exposure to B. burgdorferi would be lower in North Carolina when compared to the exposure in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. To address this hypothesis, we evaluated B. burgdorferi exposure status utilizing a specific and sensitive C6 peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our convenience sample included 1,666 canine serum samples submitted to the Vector-Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory from North Carolina (n ϭ 987), Virginia (n ؍ 472), Maryland (n ؍ 167), and Pennsylvania (n ؍ 40). Comparisons among states were made using the Chisquare test or the Fisher's exact test; p-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction. A Chi-square test for trend was used to determine if there was an increase in the frequency of seroreactors associated with the geographical origin of the samples. The proportion of seroreactive dogs in North Carolina was markedly lower (p Ͻ 0.008) than that observed in dogs from Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. These results support the hypothesis that B. burgdorferi transmission seems to occur infrequently in North Carolina dogs as compared to dogs residing in other southeastern and mid-Atlantic states. Furthermore, they support the utility of dogs as a sentinel to characterize the risk of B. burgdorferi transmission to humans in a defined geographical location.