Evaluation of subgroups of the human sperm hypoosmotic swelling test in normozoospermic male cases with recurrent fertilization failure: a prospective case-controlled study (original) (raw)
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Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2017
Background: Infertility is both a clinical and a public problem. Standard semen analysis is the surrogate measure of male fertility in clinical practice to determine prevalence of low sperm count including oligozoospermia and azoospermia and to assess the pattern and distribution of abnormal semen parameters in infertile men. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted with compiling of the data from archival record over a period of three years from June 2013 to June 2016. A total of 933 male partners of women attending the fertility clinic of hospital between the ages of 20 and 50 years were recruited. The samples taken were primary infertility cases using simple random sampling technique. Semen analysis was performed according to the standards outlined by the World Health Organization (5th edition 2010). Parameters outlined included: Appearance, Volume, pH, Sperm concentration, Motility, Morphology, Viability and White cell count. Result: Out of 933 samples, normozoospermia was observed in 659 (70.6%) males, oligozoospermia 170 (18.2%), and azoospermia 104 (11.1%). The azoospermic and oligozoospermic samples had low ejaculated volume, but significantly higher percentage of pus cells in comparison to normozoospermic samples. The oligozoospermic samples had higher percentage of immotile sperms and abnormal morphology in comparison to normozoospermic samples. Asthenozoospermia was observed in 118 (14.2%), teratozoospermia in 24 (2.9%), and oligoteratozoospermia in 11 (1.3%) of samples. Conclusion: Majority of cases of infertility in males show normal sperm count. Oligozoospermia followed by azoospermia is seen in rest of the cases while less sperm motility or less amount of semen are also responsible in some cases.
International Journal of Aging Research, 2020
According to the World Health Organization, about 8 to 10% of couples worldwide have infertility problems and male internal aspects are the main reasons for half of occurrences of human sterility. Through the spermogram, it is possible to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze semen, contributing to the diagnosis of male fertile state. Objective: To study the relationship among sperm viscosity, concentration, motility and volume parameters and male infertility factors and to show the influence of the subject age on these seminal parameters. Methodology: A survey was conducted in the male infertility database of the Nascer Clinic (Recife / Pernambuco) of men aged 27 to 61 years, with a history of marital infertility, from 2018 to 2019. The subjects studied were grouped into categories according to the classification of the seminal parameters analyzed (volume, concentration, motility and viscosity) in their sperm. Student's t-test was used for normal distribution and Mann-Whitney test for non-normal using the GraphPad Prism 8 program. Results: Among the studied individuals, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) between the populations with obstructive azoospermia and nonobstructive azoospermia and among the percentages of oligozoospermic individuals with obstructive azoospermia. The azoospermia group had a significantly higher average age than the normozoospermia group. Conclusions: This suggests that azoospermia is present in older men, compromising male fertility. Sperm testing should be performed by all men of childbearing age to investigate possible changes in the genesis of gametic cells.
Clinical assessment of the male fertility
Obstetrics & gynecology science, 2018
The evaluation of infertility in males consists of physical examination and semen analyses. Standardized semen analyses depend on the descriptive analysis of sperm motility, morphology, and concentration, with a threshold level that must be surpassed to be considered a fertile spermatozoon. Nonetheless, these conventional parameters are not satisfactory for clinicians since 25% of infertility cases worldwide remain unexplained. Therefore, newer tests methods have been established to investigate sperm physiology and functions by monitoring characteristics such as motility, capacitation, the acrosome reaction, reactive oxygen species, sperm DNA damage, chromatin structure, zona pellucida binding, and sperm-oocyte fusion. After the introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection technique, sperm maturity, morphology, and aneuploidy conditions have gotten more attention for investigating unexplained male infertility. In the present article, recent advancements in research regarding the...
Significance of sperm characteristics in the evaluation of male infertility
Fertility and Sterility, 2006
Objective: To compare sperm characteristics among: patients undergoing infertility evaluation, patients with male factor infertility (MFI), healthy sperm donors, and men with proven fertility; to examine the overlap of sperm characteristics in all four of these groups; and to identify good discriminators of fertility versus infertility among sperm characteristics. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Male infertility clinic at a tertiary care hospital. Patient(s): Proven fertile men (n ϭ 56), normal donors (n ϭ 91), men presenting for infertility evaluation (n ϭ 406), and MFI patients (n ϭ 166). Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Routine semen analysis. Result(s): Using current World Health Organization (WHO) reference values, a large group of MFI patients presented with higher sperm concentration (27.5 ϫ 10 6 to 99.2 ϫ 10 6 ), resulting in broader overlap with fertile men and poor sensitivity (0.48).
Diagnostic tools in male infertility—the question of sperm dysfunction
Asian Journal of Andrology, 2011
Sperm dysfunction is the single most common cause of infertility, yet what is remarkable is that, there is no drug a man can take or add to his spermatozoa in vitro to improve fertility. One reason for the lack of progress in this area is that our understanding of the cellular and molecular workings of the mature spermatazoon is limited. However, over the last few years there has been considerable progress in our knowledge base and in addressing new methods to diagnose sperm dysfunction. We review the current state of the field and provide insights for further development. We conclude that: (i) there is little to be gained from more studies identifying/categorizing various populations of men using a basic semen assessment, where an effort is required in making sure the analysis is performed in an appropriate high quality way; (ii) technological development is likely to bring the reality of sperm function testing closer to implementation into the clinical pathways. In doing this, these assays must be robust, cheap (or more appropriately termed cost effective), easy to use and clinically useful; and (iii) clinical necessity, e.g., the need to identify the highest quality spermatozoon for injection is driving basic research forward. This is an exciting time to be an andrologist and, likely, a fruitful one.