Exploring the Preliminary Effects of Resistance Training on Total Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels in Elderly Individuals: A Pilot Study (original) (raw)
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Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
BACKGROUND: Memory function disorder is a major health problem in geriatric patients. Physical exercise has the potency to decrease the incidence of many degenerative and chronic health problem, related to cognitive deterioration (dementia). AIM: This research aimed to observe the effect of physical exercise in various doses and duration on memory function by analysing the role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a regulatory protein affected by exercise. METHODS: This was an analytical observational study with a cohort design. Thirty participants were included in each group, classified as exercise and non-exercise group. The exercise was in the form of jogging for at least fifteen minutes every day. The observation was done for sixty days. Cognitive function assessment was done by using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire. Meanwhile, the BDNF level was assessed by ELISA. Statistical analysis was done using Independent T-test. RESULTS: Exercise group sh...
2021
The aim of the current meta-analysis was to determine the effects of acute and chronic interval training (IT) on serum and plasma BDNF concentrations in healthy young adults. A literature search was performed using six databases until February 2020. The TESTEX scale was used to assess the quality of studies. Effect sizes (ES) were computed and two-tailed α values < 0.05 and non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were considered statistically significant. Heterogeneity, inconsistency (I 2), and small-study effects using the Luis Furuya-Kanamori (LFK) index were examined. Fifteen studies (n = 277 participants, age = 24 ± 3 years) were included. The overall effects of IT on circulating BDNF concentrations were moderate and significant (ES = 0.62, 95% CI 0.00, 1.24, heterogeneous (p < 0.001), highly inconsistent (I 2 = 90%), and with major asymmetry (LFK index = 2.76). The acute effect of IT on peripheral BDNF levels was large and significant (ES = 1.10, 95% CI 0.07, 2.14), heterogeneous (p < 0.001), highly inconsistent (I 2 = 92%), and with major asymmetry (LFK index = 3.34). The chronic effect of IT on circulating BDNF was large and significant (ES = 0.93, 95% CI 0.40, 1.46), heterogeneous (p < 0.001), with moderate inconsistency (I 2 = 70%), and minor asymmetry (LFK index = 1.21). Acute and chronic IT elicited a moderate increase in serum and plasma BDNF concentrations in a healthy young population. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was discovered in the early 1980s 1 and belongs to the neurotrophin family of proteins 2. Early studies in rodents showed an association between BDNF and synaptic plasticity, neuronal growth, neuronal survival, and cognitive processes 3-6. BDNF binds to a specific tyrosine kinase receptor which induces TrkB tyrosine phosphorylation and activation in its cytoplasmic and kinase domains BDNF-brain-TrkB. The kinase domain recruits and activates specific proteins in the cytoplasm to activate signaling pathways that regulate cognition and synaptic plasticity 7,8. Although different cell types synthesize and release BDNF (e.g. adipocytes, skeletal muscle, immune cells, vascular endothelial cells, among others) 9-11 , the hippocampus of the brain is considered the main source of BDNF in mammals 12-14. Interestingly, reports indicate that this neurotrophin can cross the blood-brain barrier 15 and that peripheral circulating BDNF concentrations are associated with brain function 16-18. In agreement, studies in humans demonstrate that peripheral BDNF concentrations are positively associated with hippocampus size and cognitive performance 19,20 , inversely associated with mood disorders 21-23. Likewise, data suggest that BDNF has anti-inflammatory effects on brain in patients with Parkinson's disease 24. Experimental studies, narrative reviews, and meta-analysis have indicated that aerobic exercise (moderate-intensity continuous training-MICT) increases circulating BDNF concentrations and improves brain function 25-27. Thus, MICT is considered an effective strategy to induce neuroprotection 28 and to improved brain function. Despite the many benefits of exercise, perceived or real "lack of time" is reported most frequently as the primary barrier that most individuals around developed or developing countries do not exercise regularly 29,30 .
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020
The present study compared the effects of traditional resistance training (TRT) and combined power training (PT) and TRT (PTRT) on cognitive parameters and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in non-demented, well-functioning, community-dwelling older women. Forty-five older women were randomized into one of three experimental groups: TRT, PTRT, and control group (CG). Cognitive tests explored global cognitive function, short-term memory, and dual-task performance. Serum BDNF levels were assessed at baseline and after the intervention. Exercise sessions were performed twice a week over 22 weeks. In TRT, exercise sessions were based on three sets of 8–10 repetitions at “difficult” intensity. In PTRT, the first session was based on PT (three sets of 8−10 repetitions at “moderate” intensity), while the second session was similar to the TRT. Our analyses indicated that overall cognitive function, short-term memory, and dual-task performance were similarly improved afte...
Comparison of High Intensity versus High Volume Resistance Training on the BDNF Response to Exercise
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2016
This study compared the acute and chronic response of circulating plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to high-intensity low-volume (HI) and low-intensity high volume (HV) resistance training. Twenty experienced resistance trained men (23.5±2.6 y, 1.79±0.05 m, 75.7±13.8 kg) volunteered for this study. Prior to the resistance training program (PRE), participants performed an acute bout of exercise using either the HI (3-5 reps; 90% of one repetition maximum [1RM]) or HV (10-12 reps; 70% 1RM) training paradigm. The acute exercise protocol was repeated following 7-weeks of training (POST). Blood samples were obtained at rest (BL), immediately- (IP), 30-min (30P) and 60-min (60P) post exercise at PRE and POST. A 3-way repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze acute changes in BDNF concentrations during HI and HV resistance exercise at PRE and POST. No training x time x group interaction in BDNF was noted (p=0.994). Significant main effects for training (p=0.050) and time (p&...
Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society, 2008
It is believed that brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neuronal growth, transmission, modulation and plasticity. Single bout of exercise can increase plasma BDNF concentration [BDNF](p) in humans. It was recently reported however, that elevated [BDNF](p) positively correlated with risk factors for metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle age group of subjects. On the other hand it is well established that endurance training decreases the risk of diabetes and development of metabolic syndrome. In the present study we have examined the effect of 5 weeks of moderate intensity endurance training on the basal and the exercise induced changes in [BDNF](p) in humans. Thirteen young, healthy and physically active men (mean +/- S.E: age 22.7 +/- 0.5 yr, body height 180.2 +/- 1.7 cm, body weight 77.0 +/- 2.5 kg, V(O2max) 45.29 +/- 0.93 ml x kg-1 x min(-1)) performed a five week endurance cycling training program, composed mainly of moderate in...
Frontiers in Physiology, 2018
Several studies have demonstrated an acute and chronic increase of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in relation to different types of physical exercise. Currently, many individuals seek physical training strategies that present different types of stimulation and volume/intensity. Thus, the extreme conditioning methodology has gained great notoriety in the scientific and non-scientific environment. Knowing that BDNF values increase in an effort-dependent manner, it is necessary to study the effects of this strategy on BDNF levels. This study aimed to evaluate the acute response of BDNF in trained men submitted to an extreme conditioning program (ECP) session. Ten volunteers underwent an acute ECP session using the "as many reps as possible" (WOD-AMRAP) method, including three types of exercise (clean, wall ball and double or single-unders) for 9 min. BDNF was measured in the plasma, being collected baseline and immediately after the session. Total load of the clean exercise was five times greater than wall ball exercise (p < 0.05; 2096.1 ± 387.4 kg vs 415.8 ± 81.03 kg), which influenced little in the total load (p < 0.05, 2511.9 ± 358.52 kg) used. For the total volume, practitioners averaged 1.7 times more repetitions in the wall ball exercise compared to clean (46.2 ± 9 vs 29.5 ± 3.8 repetitions). The volunteers averaged 75.7 ± 12.6 double-unders repetitions, bringing the total volume of training to 151.4 ± 23.7 repetitions. Regarding the BDNF values, there was a significant difference (p = 0.05) between the pre-vs post-moments (11209.85 ± 1270.4 vs 12132.96 ± 1441.93 pg/ml). Effect size for this change as moderate (ES = 0.79). We found a positive correlation between total volume of clean exercise and delta BDNF values (p = 0.049). In conclusion, a single extreme conditioning session, through the
Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development
The benefit of exercise in inducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) functions in relation to cognition had been reported. Nevertheless, the ambiguity remains with regards to the types of exercise and the duration of exercise required for one to have beneficial effects. In this study, we aimed to analyse the effects of varying modes of exercises and the duration required to improve BDNF functions, specifically in the young adults. The types of exercises evaluated in the meta-analysis include (1) single bout of acute aerobic exercise, (2) repeated and frequent sessions of aerobic exercise (program exercise) over a course of several weeks, and (3) resistance training. Only a single bout of acute aerobic exercise (z=4.92, p=0.00001) is sufficient to cause an increase in BDNF following exercise intervention, while program exercise (z=1.02, p=0.31) and resistance training (z=0.92, p=0.36) demonstrated inconsistencies, some exhibited significant increase in BDNF levels while other...