Factors associated with good glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (original) (raw)
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Glycemic Control and Its Factor in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Jakarta
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
Poor glycemic control is a primary risk factor for the progression of complications. This study aimed to determine the status of glycemic control and associated factors among type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients at primary health care of Cakung District, Kebon Jeruk District and Rawa Bunga Village, Jakarta. This study was conducted from July to August 2019, and adopted a cross-sectional design. The respondents' data included sex, age, occupation, education, long suffered with diabetes, diagnosed chronic disease, antidiabetic and other regular drugs were obtained through a questionnaire. Measurement of glycated haemoglobin A1c level was carried out in a standardized laboratory in Jakarta. A total of 126 respondents met the inclusions and exclusion criteria, of which 70.6% were female. The mean age of patients was 61.46±9.086 years (35–85 years). HbA1c level was measured, and the results showed that 45.2% of respondents had good glycemic control (<7% of HbA1c level), while 54...
Factors Affecting Glycemic Control in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, 2021
Introduction: Indonesia ranked seventh in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the world. Improved glycemic control has been proven to prevent the diabetes and its complications. Adherence to treatment, weight regulation with benchmarks for Body Mass Index (BMI) indicators, activity or exercise habits, diet, and smoking history play an important role in glycemic control. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting glycemic control in outpatient with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cross sectional study among 32 diabetes mellitus patients.This study was conducted from April 2019 to September 2019 at Rumah Sakit Nasional Diponegoro (RSND), Semarang. The glycemic control status were assesed by HbA1c. Factors such medication adherence, diet adherence, smoking status, and physical activity were assesed with a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurement done to get the BMI status. Data were analyzed with bivariat analysis with chi square test (p<0.05). Result: The factors that were significantly have relationship with glycemic control status are diet adherence (p=0.046), and medication adherence (p=0.040). Physical activity, smoking status and BMI doesn't have significant relationship with glycemic control status. Conclusion: Factors affecting glycemic control of diabetes mellitus patients in this study were diet adherence and medication adherence. History of smoking, BMI, and physical activity were not factors that influenced the control status in diabetes mellitus patients in this study.
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.9\_Issue.3\_March2019/IJHSR\_Abstract.03.html, 2019
Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease requiring continuous medical care and patient self-management education to achieve good glycemic control and prevent long term complication Type II diabetes is approaching epidemic levels in India. More than 60% population suffering from diabetes comes from Asia of which china and India are the largest contributors. Though the benefit of good glycemic control is well established in prevention of diabetes related micro vascular complication however it has been reported that more than 60% of the patients still do not achieve the recommended glycemic target. As glycemic control is affected by many social, demographic, economic, disease and treatment related factors, it is tough to achieve glycemic control in routine clinical practice. Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study of retrospective data collected from the diabetic patients who attended the medical outdoor of Nayati Medicity, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh. Data was collected from January 2018 to June 2018. Data from 206 diabetic patients was collected retrospectively. Results: 206 patients were included in this study, out of which (63%) were in the age group between 41-60 years. Among Drug utilization pattern 15.5% were as monotherapy, 47.1% were on combination therapy while 23.8% were receiving Insulin + OAD therapy. Patients with BMI more than 30 had 4 times risk of having poor glycemic control as compared to those with BMI <25 (OR = 3.9, C.I. = 1.2-3.9, P = 0.02). Conclusion: In this study glycemic control was affected by age, duration of diabetes, drug utilization patterns and BMI and a statistically significant association was found with these factors.
Healthline, Journal of Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine, 2023
Introduction: Good glycemic control has been defined as achieving a target of fasting plasma glucose level of between 80 and 110 mg/dl, or glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) of <7.0%. Poor glycemic control is highly correlated with chronic conditions related to the damaging effects of hyperglycaemia, resulting in serious complications. To restrict and delay the complications of diabetes mellitus, good glycemic control is essential. Objective: To identify the determinants associated with poor glycemic control among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among 403 confirmed type 2 diabetic patients who attendedone of the tertiary care hospitals of North India over a period of six months (July-December 2021). The collected data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 28. Chi-square test was applied to compare various determinants of glycemic control. A p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Out of 403 participants, 57.6% had poor glycemic control of diabetic condition. Higher age of participants, illiteracy, being overweight, having positive history of smoking and alcohol, longer duration of diabetes, participants taking both oral and insulin treatment for diabetes, taking medicine irregularly were the significant determinants of poor glycemic control. Conclusion: Higher percentage(57.6%) of poor glycemic control was observed in the study.To improve the glycemic control, efforts should be made towards improving modifiable factors like overweight, smoking, alcohol, regularity of medication etc. Good lifestyle interventions help in control of poor glycemic control.
Journal of Endocrinology and Diabetes
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin secretion, insulin action, or both and accounts for over 95% cases globally. Uncontrolled diabetes may result to complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy leading to amputations, stroke, heart attack and sexual dysfunction), glycated hemoglobin below 7.0% is recommended for good prognosis.The study determined factors associated with glycemic control, among T2DM patient attending Mathari National and Referral Hospital Nairobi, Kenya. Method: A descriptive cross sectional study design was used systematic random sampling technique to select 149 study subjects T2DM patients. Quantitative data was collected using a structured questionnaire for socioeconomic and patients practice. Key informants interviews and Focus group discussions collected qualitative data. Blood samples were drawn for Hba1c, lipid profiles, blood sugar and urine for microalbumin Creatinine Ratio analysis. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists version 20(SPSS). Descriptive analysis was used to summarize the data. Associations between variables were tested using Chi Square statistics. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically after translation and transcription. Difference between parameter estimates were deemed statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: The mean age of study participants was 54 years and a total of 122(81.6%) out of 149 participants had poor glycemic control with a mean HBA1C of 9.1, 90.6% having elevated FBS, 37.6% with elevated T-Chol and 60.4% having high LDL levels. Twenty four percent had moderately increased UACR while 11.4% had severely increased UACR. Gender (OR3.029, 95%CI: 1.287-7.129, p=0.010), FBS (OR=8.14, 95%CI; 2.541-26.0810, p=0.001) and using drugs for other co-morbidities OR=2.519, 95%CI; 1.009-6.288, p=0.035) were associated with glycemic control. Conclusion: There is a high burden of poor glycemic control among T2DM patients in Mathari National Teaching and Referral Hospital especially women. With the burden of diabetes increasing, emphasis on diabetes awareness and education to fill in the practice gap in glycemic control. Managing FBS and detecting other co-morbidities like, hypertension, kidney problems and dyslipidemia to be done routinely to prevent development of complications.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR GLYCEMIC CONTROL AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN INDONESIA
Background: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus becomes the public health problem in the wide world. Reasons for poor glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes are complex. Objectives: To determine factors contributed to poor glycemic control among Indonesian patients with Type 2 Diabetes Methods: This was a cross sectional regression study. There were 70 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Pre-structured questionnaires were used to measure socio demographic, clinical characteristics, self-care management behaviors, medication adherence, barriers to adherence, and family support. Data were analyzed using chi-square and binary logistic regression. Results: Poor glycemic control was defined as HbA1c ≥7% or FBG ≥200 mg/dl. Findings of this study reported that 83% patients had or FBG ≥200 mg/dl, which confirmed as poor glycemic control. Logistic regression showed that increasing duration of diabetes (> 5 years), non-adherence to dietary behaviors recommendation through selecting healthy diet, arranging a meal plan, recognizing the amount calorie needs, managing dietary behaviors challenges, medication adherence, and family support were significantly influence poor glycemic control with increased odds ratio scores. Conclusion: The proportion of patients with poor glycemic control was raised. Increasing duration of diabetes, non-adherence to medication and dietary behaviors management, and lack of family support were associated with poor glycemic control. Thus, integration of diabetes self-management program with social support is needed to deal with patients' need to achieve the great benefits in diabetes care.
2020
Background: Poor glycemic control remains an on-going public health concern worldwide. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Malaysia, good control of blood glucose level is paramount to avert life-long complications of diabetes mellitus. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of poor glycemic control and its associated factors to assist clinicians in achieving good glycemic control among diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study between groups of good glycemic control and poor glycemic control patients was conducted among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who fulfilled study criteria in Pasir Puteh district, Kelantan, a northeast state of Peninsular Malaysia. Eligible samples registered in the National Diabetes Registry from 1st January 2019 until 31st December 2019 were recruited into the study. Descriptive statistics, simple and multiple logistic regressions were used for data analysis. Results: The prevalen...
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice), 2021
Background:The glycemic control of diabetes mellitus patients is affected by many factors, including its antidiabetic regimen. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the antidiabetic regimen used in patients with T2DM in the public health centres in Jakarta and to evaluate the association of the regimens and other factors with glycemic control. Methods:This was a cross-sectional study conducted in thirteen public health centres in Jakarta with HbA1C of ≤ 7% indicating good glycemic control and > 7% poor glycemic control. The univariate analysis tests were used to analyze factors that potentially associate with glycemic control. Association between antidiabetic regimen and glycemic control were done by Pearson chi-square test and Fisher exact test.Results:Combination of sulfonylureas and biguanides was the most frequent antidiabetic regimen prescribed to the patients. Univariate analysis showed that age, duration of T2DM, route of administration, number of antidiabetics, and num...
Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences, 2021
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition caused by relative lack of insulin due to impaired insulin secretion or insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of poor glycemic control in Zakho city and to explore the modifiable risk factors that may help controlling the disease. Materials and Methods We recruited patients with known history of diabetes receiving oral anti-diabetic medications. Those patients were registered in Zakho Diabetes center with regular visits. The measurement of anthropometric indices was conducted by trained personnel. Plasma glucose was determined using colorimetric enzymatic method with glucose oxidase. HbA1c concentrations were measured in whole blood samples using high performance liquid chromatography. Results In this study, 520 patients were recruited. The average age of the patients was 56.92±9.62. Among those, 190 were male. The blood sugar was controlled in 122 (23.4%) patients. We found a significant association...
Factors Affecting Glycemic Control in Diabetes Melitus Patients
2021
Background: Indonesia ranked seventh for the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the world. Improved glycemic control has been shown to prevent the development and rate of occurrence of diabetes complications. Adherence to treatment, weight regulation with benchmarks for BMI indicators, activity or exercise habits, diet, and smoking history play an important role in glycemic control. Aim: Identifying factors that influence glycemic control in outpatient diabetes mellitus patients. Methods : A descriptive qualitative study with cross sectional approach in minimal 32 patients with diabetes mellitus This study was conducted from April 2019 to September 2019 in Rumah Sakit Nasional Diponegoro (RSND) Semarang. The glycemic control status are assesed by HbA1c and the factors are assesed with structured questionere that consist of question about medication adherence, diet adherence, smoking status, and physical activity and anthropmetric measurement. Data were analyzed with bivariat analysi...