Not Only a Weed Plant—Biological Activities of Essential Oil and Hydrosol of Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter (original) (raw)
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Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2021
The chemical characterization and antimicrobial activities of Dittrichia viscosa (L.) essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation technique from leaves and stems are reported in this work. Dittrichia viscosa (L.) samples were collected from the Bainem forest in the northwest part of Algiers (the capital). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical method was employed to identify the oil's chemical composition. It was found that leaves are mainly composed of three major abundant composites, specifically, caryophyllene oxide (10.4%), fokienol (9.6%) and trans-nerolidol (7%). Moreover, the oil isolated from the stems was found to be chiefly composed of trans-totarol (18.1%), α-cedrol (16.7%), and ferruginol (16.6%). Additionally, antimicrobial activity tests were performed on the isolated essential oils using the zone of inhibition (agar disk-diffusion method) to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of four bacteria strains, mainly, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The MIC values of leaves are found to range between 15 µg and 100 µg, whereas stems are found to exhibit MIC values ranging between 20 µg and 300 µg. Furthermore, antifungal susceptibility tests, which become important tools to dictate the treatment of fungal diseases, are conducted on two yeast strains: Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. The obtained antimicrobial results are correlated with the chemical composition findings of the essential oils from leaves and stem to determine the roles of the chemical composites on the antibacterial activity. Interestingly, the oil obtained from the leaves displayed a better inhibitory effect on (bacteria and yeast strains) in comparison with oil (stems). This difference in inhibitory effect can be attributed to the dominant existence of the oxygenated sesquiterpenes and trans-nerolidol compounds in leaves.
Molecules
Since some synthetic insecticides cause damage to human health, compounds in plants can be viable alternatives to conventional synthetic pesticides. Dittrichia viscosa L. is a perennial Mediterranean plant known to possess biological activities, including insecticidal properties. The chemical composition of an essential oil (EOD) from D. viscosa, as well as its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and insecticidal effects on the cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) were determined. Forty-one volatile compounds were identified in EOD, which accounted for 97.5% of its constituents. Bornyl acetate (41%) was a major compound, followed by borneol (9.3%), α-amorphene (6.6%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.7%). EOD exhibited significant antioxidant activity in all tests performed, with an IC50 of 1.30 ± 0.05 mg/mL in the DPPH test and an EC50 equal to 36.0 ± 2.5 mg/mL in the FRAP assay. In the phosphor-molybdenum test, EOD results ranged from 39.81 ± 0.7 to 192.1 ± 0.8 mg AAE/g E. EOD was active on...
Chemical Compositions of the Essential Oil from the Jordanian Medicinal Plant Dittrichia Viscosa
2010
The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts at the flowering stage of Dittrichia viscosa (L.) growing in Jordan was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The analysis of the essential oil led to the identification of 47 components. The main constituents were fokienol (20.87%), (E)-nerolidol (19.75%), β-Eudesm-6-en-4α-ol (5.64%), α-Vetivone (3.60%), α-Eudesmol (2.68%) and Caryophyllene oxide (2.57%).
Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2016
Thechemical compositionand in vitro antimicrobial activities of Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter essential oil was studied. Moreover, using agglomerative hierarchical cluster (AHC)a nd principal component analyses (PCA), the interrelationships of the D. graveolens essential-oil profiles characterized so far (including the samplefrom this study)were investigated. To evaluate the chemical compositiono ft he essentialo il, GC-FID and GC/MSa nalyses were performed. Altogether, 54 compounds were identified, accounting for 92.9% of the total oil composition.The D. graveolens oil belongs to the monoterpenoid chemotype,with monoterpenoids comprising 87.4% of the totally identified compounds.The major componentswere borneol (43.6%) and bornyl acetate(38.3%). Multivariate analysis showedthat the compounds borneol and bornyl acetate exerted the greatest influence on the spatiald ifferencesi nt he compositiono ft he reported oils.T he antimicrobial activity against five bacterial and one fungal strain was determined using ad isk-diffusion assay.T he studied essential oil was active only against Gram-positive bacteria.
2003
Dittrichia viscosa subsp. viscosa (Compositae) is found on edges, wood clearings and in waste places of the Iberian Peninsula. Aerial parts of D. viscosa were collected at flowering phase in September-October 2001 around Lisbon, Portugal and the essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation for 4 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The oils were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Preliminary examination of the essential oils allowed the identification of 32 components. Only four components reached percentages over 5%: fokienol (11.8%), T-muurorol (7.9%), (E)-nerolidol (5.5%) and δ-cadinene (5.0%). The essential oils were tested against Helicobacter pylori and Listeria monocytogenes. Essential oils did not have antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes. The essential oil at 0.88 to 22.22 µg.ml-1 did not inhibit the growth of H. pylori, affected the growth slightly at 44.40 µg.ml-1 , and completely inhibited the growth at 88.80 to 133.20 µg.ml-1. Results show that use of D. viscosa essential oil in the treatment of gastric disorders caused by H. pylori can be effective.
2011
The aim of the study was to survey the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Dittrichia graveolens essential oil in in vitro conditions. GC-FID and GC-MS analyses were performed to evaluate the chemical composition of essential oil. The antimicrobial activity against different kinds of microorganisms was determined by microbroth dilution assay. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging system. Studies of chemical composition of essential oil revealed the presence of borneol (38.2%) and bornyl acetate (14.9%) as major constituents. Essential oil showed strong antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis isolates and Bacillus cereus. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are less sensitive to the oil. The strong antimicrobial activity of oil against clinical isolates of bacteria was demonstrated. In addition, D. graveolens oil notably reduced the concentration of DPPH free radical with higher efficacy than that of t...
Major bioactivities and mechanism of action of essential oils and their components
Essential oils are gaining increasing interest for their antimicrobial and antiviral properties, as well as for their preventive and therapeutic actions against many human pathologies. Herein, we present an overview on new discoveries in essential oil research, discussing antimicrobial activity, as well as immunomodulatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumoural properties. In addition, we emphasize recent advances in the identification of bioactive components and understanding of their mechanism of action. We discuss their molecular diversity and wide spectrum of activity as well as their structure-activity relationships and capability of targeting paradoxical responses triggered by different genes and pathways. Finally, we emphasize the effort required to isolate and identify the bioactive components of essential oils and to determine their cytotoxicity as their specificity. Thus, new approaches to specifically address bioactive components to selected targets could enhance the latter property in order to accommodate any cytotoxicity towards dysfunctioning loci.
Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of the Essential Oil and Solvent Extracts of
The Open Bioactive Compounds Journal, 2017
Forty five components were identified in the oil, among them, germacrene D (18.1±0.1%), bicyclogermacrene (1.4±0.0%), and spathunelnol (2.7±0.0%) were the major sesquiterpenoids, n-tetradecanol (4.9±0.0%) was the most abundant fatty alcohol and diisobuthyl phthalate (43.9±0.2%) was the most abundant constituent. The extracts of aerial parts of Sc. nodosa were prepared using different solvents; dichloromethane (DCM), methanol (MeOH) and MeOH: H2O (80:20). Antibacterial activity of the oil and each solvent extract was tested against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria by nutrient broth micro dilution method. Among the tested microorganisms, Staphylococcus epidermidis (IC50 1.25-5mg/ml), Bacillus subtilis (IC50 1.25mg/ml) and Escherichia coli (IC50 1.25mg/ml) were the most susceptible to the applied oils and the extracts. The antioxidant potential and total phenol contents of the extracts were assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay an...
Records of Natural Products, 2018
Salvia macilenta Boiss. is a fragrant subshrub which grows wild in some regions of Iran. In this work, we contrasted essential oil contents and components of two wild populations under two different ecological situations (Kerman and Baluchistan Provinces, Center and South East of Iran, respectively). For the first time the antibacterial and the antimycotic properties of these essential oils were also evaluated against seven bacterial and fungal strains. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation method and the chemical compositions of the samples were examined by GC and GC-MS. Kerman (K) specimen was found to be rich in α-pinene (29.0%), p-cymene (10.7%), veridiflorol (9.1%), α-eudesmol (8.7%), bornyl acetate (7.3%) with lesser concentrations of borneol (4.9%). Principal components were identified as α-eudesmol (35.6%), α-pinene (7.7%), bornyl acetate (7.6%), (E)-nerolidol (6.5%) and veridiflorol (5.9%) from Baluchistan (B) sample. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes were found to be the principal class of components in the oil of Baluchistan sample (53.0%) whereas monoterpene hydrocarbons were the main class in Kerman specimen (46.6%). The results demonstrated that the variety in the volatile compounds could be considered as chemotaxonomic importance and it may be ascribed to their different ecological and geographical source.
Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 2007
Clinopodium ascendens (Jordan) Sampaio [synonyms = Calamintha ascendens Jordan = C. officinalis Moench ssp. ascendens (Jord.) Mateo = C. sylvatica Bromf. ssp. ascendens (Jord.) P.W. Ball] is a small herbaceous plant with a very strong and distinctive mint aroma. The plant is known for its medical uses in folk medicine and as a spice in Italian kitchens. In Madeira Island, Clinopodium ascendens, known locally as ‘neveda’, grows wild along the shady paths of the Laurissilva forest. The local population uses the leaves of calamint as a mouth freshener and to alleviate headache and toothache. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of C. ascendens growing wild in Madeira was analysed by a combination of CC, GC, GC–MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR. The oil was dominated by C3 oxygenated p-menthane derivatives: cis-isopulegone (75.2%), pulegone (6.9%), neoiso-isopulegol (6.0%) and trans-isopulegone (4.5%). The whole essential oil was tested against a variety of bacteria, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative, and two fungi; it exhibited remarkable activity against Escherichia coli and was active against Agrobacterium tumefasciens and Staphylococcus aureus and the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. It was ineffective against Streptococcus faecium, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.