Effect of Clay Reinforcement on the Properties of Epoxy based Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites (original) (raw)
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Journal of University of Anbar for Pure Science
In the previous few decades, nanocomposites including epoxy risen-clay nanoparticles systems were proven possibility to have developed properties over original matrices. The environmental conditions, which surround the nanocomposite systems, have a scientific effect on their properties during using them for a long time. Therefore, studying the effect of environmental conditions associated with adding clay nanoparticles on the properties of nanocomposites is important to achieve the requirement of the applications. Nanocomposites are utilized in substructure applications and experience mechanical loads and thermal effects when they are exposed to environmental surrounding conditions which are included electromagnetic ultraviolet (UV) energy, humidity or wetness, water absorbance, and some alkaline solutions. These materials are showed their ability to barrier the environmental surrounding effects. Diffuse the liquids in nanocomposite systems has been established by different approaches (models). The review study involves the research effort performed on nanocomposite (epoxy-clay nanoparticles) under some environmental issues such as moisture or water properties and their diffusion into nanocomposite, exposure to various environments: radiation in the range of UV, temperature, and humidity. The current developments are additionally discussed.
Layered clay/epoxy nanocomposites: Thermomechanical, flame retardancy, and optical properties
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2008
In this study, layered clay/polymer nanocomposites were developed based on epoxy resins and montmorillonite as the nanoplatelet reinforcement. Clay particles were treated with hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HTCA) through an ion exchange reaction. In this way, Na+ interlayer cations of the clay is exchanged with onium cation of the surfactant that turns the hydrophilic clays (MMT) to organophilic (OMMT) characteristics. Thermal analysis results revealed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the dynamic mechanical properties including the storage and loss modulus of the neat epoxy resin increases by the incorporation of clay particles. It was also found that flame resistance of the polymer is improved by the addition of the clay particles. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation and Properties of Clay-Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites
International Journal of Polymer Science, 2013
The clay-reinforced epoxy nanocomposite was prepared by the polymerization method. The effect of clay addition on the mechanical properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites was studied through tensile, flexural, impact strength, and fracture toughness tests. The morphology and tribology behavior of epoxy/clay nanocomposites were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and wear test, respectively. The wear test was performed to determine the specific abrasion of the nanocomposites. In addition, the water absorption characteristic of the nanocomposites was also investigated in this study. XRD analysis indicated that the exfoliation structure was observed in the epoxy nanocomposites with 3 wt% of clay, while the intercalated structure was shown at 6 wt% of clay. It was found that the addition of clay up to 3 wt% increased the tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and the fracture toughness. On the contrary, the presence of above 3 wt% of clay produced a reverse effect. It cou...
2014
Three different protocols for the preparation of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites based upon a tri-functional epoxy resin, triglycidyl para-amino phenol (TGAP), have been compared in respect of the cure kinetics, the nanostructure and their mechanical properties. The three preparation procedures involve 2 wt% and 5 wt% of organically modified montmorillonite (MMT), and are: isothermal cure at selected temperatures; pre-conditioning of the resin-clay mixture before isothermal cure; incorporation of an initiator of cationic homopolymerisation, a boron tri-fluoride methyl amine complex, BF 3 •MEA, within the clay galleries. It was found that features of the cure kinetics and of the nanostructure correlate with the measured impact strength of the cured nanocomposites, which increases as the degree of exfoliation of the MMT is improved. The best protocol for toughening the TGAP/MMT nanocomposites is by the incorporation of 1 wt% BF 3 •MEA into the clay galleries of nanocomposites containing 2 wt% MMT.
Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Clay Nanocomposites
Achievement of exfoliated structure of polymer/ Clay nanocomposites is of particular interest for the improvement of mechanical properties. In this work, the morphology and mechanical properties of epoxy/ clay nanocomposites has been investigated. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin (EPON828) and Jeffamine D400 curing agent was used. To obtain perfect dispersion, nanoclay (Cloisite 30B) was sonicated in acetone. The mixture was then mixed with polymer. Afterwards, the curing process was performed by addition of curing agent and degassing. Disappearing of peaks in X-Ray diffraction patterns of nanocomposites containing less than 5wt% nanoclay, is a good evidence of perfect dispersion of layered silicates in matrix, i.e. formation of exfoliated morphology. Based on tensile test results, it is deduced that as the amount of nanoclay increases, the elastic modulus and elongation at break of the nanocomposites containing 1wt% and 5wt% nanoclay increases by 12% and 31%, respectively. Therefore, obtaining perfect dispersion of layered silicates in epoxy matrix and exfoliated morphology, results in better mechanical properties of the nanocomposites.
Properties of Epoxy Systems with Clay Nanocomposites
Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2003
Different types of montmorillonite clays are often used for the modification of thermoplastic polymers. In the case of epoxy systems, the presence of the clays can complicate the cure process. Therefore, the influence of montmorillonite concentration and the temperature regime on the cure rate and mechanical properties of the composite material obtained is investigated in this paper.
Clay-Epoxy Nanocomposites: Processing and Properties
JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and …, 2007
The work described in this paper is focused on evaluating the effect of the processing method and nanoclay (montmorillonite) content on the ten-sile, compressive, and impact proper-ties of clay-epoxy nanocomposites. Nanocomposites are synthesized by two methods: ...
Jurnal Teknologi, 2015
A homogeneous dispersion of nanofillers in epoxy polymer still remains as one of the biggest challenges in advanced nanocomposites research. In this paper, the effects of nanoclay content (1wt%, 3wt%, 5wt%) and nanosilica content (5wt%, 13wt%, 25wt%) on tensile and compressive properties of epoxy polymer were studied. The nanoclay and nanosilica were dispersed in epoxy using the three-roll milling and mechanical stirrer machine, respectively. The compressive and tensile properties were evaluated using Instron universal tester machine according to BS standards. The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to evaluate the degree of dispersion of nanofillers in epoxy. The results showed that the intercalated structure of clay/epoxy nanocomposites gave detrimental effect on the tensile and compressive strength of the polymer. Whereas, the results of nanosilica/epoxy nanocomposite system showed that a well-dispersed nanosilica contributes to the improvement of tensile and compres...
Synthesis and characterization of new nanocomposites based on epoxy resins and organophilic clays
Polymer International, 2007
Epoxy-clay nanocomposites were synthesized using different types of modified montmorillonite, either with a classic quaternary ammonium salt or with protonated adducts synthesized by reacting resorcinol diglycidyl ether with monoamines (benzylamine or cyclohexylamine). The chemical structure was investigated using Fourier transform infrared and 1 H NMR spectrometry. The nanocomposite structures were confirmed using X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The influence of the montmorillonite modifier on the glass transition temperature of the cured composites was studied using dynamic mechanical analysis.
Synthesis and properties of epoxy-phenolic clay nanocomposites
eXPRESS Polymer Letters, 2007
An epoxy-phenolic resin suitable for use as a composite matrix was reinforced with modified nanoclay (montmorillonite type). Characterization by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that intercalated nanocomposites were formed with an inter-gallery distance of approximately 10 nm. The influence of nanoparticles on tensile strength and modulus, fracture toughness, and impact toughness was measured and compared with the unreinforced polymer. The results revealed that the maximum enhancement in stiffness and toughness was achieved with 2.5 wt% filler content. The enhancement in toughness behavior was attributed to the activation of multiple energy-dissipating damage mechanisms in the nanocomposites.