Exogenous Polyamines Elicit Herbivore-Induced Volatiles in Lima Bean Leaves: Involvement of Calcium, H2O2 and Jasmonic Acid (original) (raw)
Related papers
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2018
Polyamines are amine-containing, low molecular weight, and ubiquitous polycationic molecules present in almost all cells and free-living microbes, which are formed by aliphatic hydrocarbons replaced with multiple amino groups. They have been considered as a new kind of plant biostimulant, which play vital roles in diverse plant growth and developmental processes, and environmental stress responses. However, little is known regarding the effects of polyamines specifically on the elicitation of bioactive compounds in medicinal plant production. Therefore, in this review, we attempt to cover these gaps of information. Supply of polyamines, whether by exogenous application or through genetic engineering, could positively affect medicinal plant growth, productivity, and stress tolerance; however, these effects depend on type and dose of polyamine application and plant species. Furthermore, polyamines play as precursor for the several groups of alkaloids (pyrrolizidine, tropane, and quinolizidine alkaloids) and phenolamides, so these bioactive compounds could significantly increase the concentration of the above-mentioned natural products.
Biologia futura: the role of polyamine in plant science
Biologia Futura, 2020
Polyamines (PAs) are positively charged amines such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine that ubiquitously exist in all organisms. They have been considered as a new type of plant biostimulants, with pivotal roles in many physiological processes. Polyamine levels are controlled by intricate regulatory feedback mechanisms. PAs are directly or indirectly regulated through interaction with signaling metabolites (H 2 0 2 , NO), aminobutyric acid (GABA), phytohormones (abscisic acid, gibberellins, ethylene, cytokinins, auxin, jasmonic acid and brassinosteroids) and nitrogen metabolism (maintaining the balance of C:N in plants). Exogenous applications of PAs enhance the stress resistance, flowering and fruit set, synthesis of bioactive compounds and extension of agricultural crops shelf life. Up-regulation of PAs biosynthesis by genetic manipulation can be a novel strategy to increase the productivity of agricultural crops. Recently, the role of PAs in symbiosis relationships between plants and beneficial microorganisms has been confirmed. PA metabolism has also been targeted to design new harmless fungicides.
Interactions of Polyamines and Phytohormones in Plant Response to Abiotic Stress
Plants
Numerous environmental conditions negatively affect plant production. Abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, temperature, and heavy metals, cause damage at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular level, and limit plant growth, development, and survival. Studies have indicated that small amine compounds, polyamines (PAs), play a key role in plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Pharmacological and molecular studies, as well as research using genetic and transgenic approaches, have revealed the favorable effects of PAs on growth, ion homeostasis, water maintenance, photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and antioxidant systems in many plant species under abiotic stress. PAs display a multitrack action: regulating the expression of stress response genes and the activity of ion channels; improving the stability of membranes, DNA, and other biomolecules; and interacting with signaling molecules and plant hormones. In recent years the number of repo...
Effect of metabolic intermediates on the accumulation of polyamines in detached soybean leaves
Phytochemistry, 1993
The effects of various nitrogen and carbon compounds on polyamine levels were examined using a detached leaf system in soybean. Leaves from 21-day-old soybeans were incubated in buffered solutions containing various nitrogen and carbon compounds separately or in combination. After a six hr incubation, polyamine titres were determined and compared against buffered controls. Leaves incubated in solutions containing 20 mM ammonia, glutamine, arginine or citrulline had increased putrescine and spermidine titres. The largest increase (16-fold) in putrescine was observed in leaves incubated in citrulline. Polyamine titres in leaves incubated in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) intermediates were lower than buffered controls. Leaves incubated in solutions containing both ammonia and a TCA cycle intermediate had polyamine titres similar to controls. A large reduction (79%) in polyamine titres was observed in leaves incubated in both citrulline and cr-ketoglutarate, suggesting a strong interaction between carbon and nitrogen availability on polyamine accumulation. The accumulation of polyamines was predominantly due to arginine decarboxylase and not ornithine decarboxylase. Polyamine accumulation also appears to be dependent on light and protein synthesis.
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2014
Polyamines regulate a variety of cation and K + channels, but their potential effects on cation-transporting ATPases are underexplored. In this work, noninvasive microelectrode ion flux estimation and conventional microelectrode techniques were applied to study the effects of polyamines on Ca 2+ and H + transport and membrane potential in pea roots. Externally applied spermine or putrescine (1 mM) equally activated eosin yellow (EY)-sensitive Ca 2+ pumping across the root epidermis and caused net H + influx or efflux. Proton influx induced by spermine was suppressed by EY, supporting the mechanism in which Ca 2+ pump imports 2 H + per each exported Ca 2+. Suppression of the Ca 2+ pump by EY diminished putrescine-induced net H + efflux instead of increasing it. Thus, activities of Ca 2+ and H + pumps were coupled, likely due to the H +-pump inhibition by intracellular Ca 2+. Additionally, spermine but not putrescine caused a direct inhibition of H + pumping in isolated plasma membrane vesicles. Spermine, spermidine, and putrescine (1 mM) induced membrane depolarization by 70, 50, and 35 mV, respectively. Spermine-induced depolarization was abolished by cation transport blocker Gd 3+ , was insensitive to anion channels' blocker niflumate, and was dependent on external Ca 2+. Further analysis showed that uptake of polyamines but not polyamine-induced cationic (K + +Ca 2+ +H +) fluxes were a main cause of membrane depolarization. Polyamine increase is a common component of plant stress responses. Activation of Ca 2+ efflux by polyamines and contrasting effects of polyamines on net H + fluxes and membrane potential can contribute to Ca 2+ signalling and modulate a variety of transport processes across the plasma membrane under stress.
Physiological and molecular implications of plant polyamine metabolism during biotic interactions
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2014
During ontogeny, plants interact with a wide variety of microorganisms. The association with mutualistic microbes results in benefits for the plant. By contrast, pathogens may cause a remarkable impairment of plant growth and development. Both types of plantmicrobe interactions provoke notable changes in the polyamine (PA) metabolism of the host and/or the microbe, being each interaction a complex and dynamic process. It has been well documented that the levels of free and conjugated PAs undergo profound changes in plant tissues during the interaction with microorganisms. In general, this is correlated with a precise and coordinated regulation of PA biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes. Interestingly, some evidence suggests that the relative importance of these metabolic pathways may depend on the nature of the microorganism, a concept that stems from the fact that these amines mediate the activation of plant defense mechanisms. This effect is mediated mostly through PA oxidation, even though part of the response is activated by non-oxidized PAs. In the last years, a great deal of effort has been devoted to profile plant gene expression following microorganism recognition. In addition, the phenotypes of transgenic and mutant plants in PA metabolism genes have been assessed. In this review, we integrate the current knowledge on this field and analyze the possible roles of these amines during the interaction of plants with microbes.
Polyamines as Indicators of Stress in Plants
Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura, 2014
Las poliaminas son compuestos nitrogenados presentes en las plantas que se acumulan principalmente en respuesta a condiciones de estrés. Actualmente las poliaminas debido a sus características bioquímicas, están involucradas en una serie de importantes procesos celulares tales como división celular, empaquetamiento de ácidos nucleicos, replicación de ADN, y otros. En la presente revisión se compila y discute la información científica actual referente a la biosíntesis y acumulación en compartimentos celulares, así como, la degradación en el citosol de las poliaminas mayoritarias (putrescina, espermidina y espermina). También, se explica su transporte, se describe su papel en la homeostasis celular y sus asociaciones con otras moléculas que le confieren actividad como reguladores de crecimiento, molécula de señalización para modular las funciones mitocondriales, influencia de la proliferación celular y estimulación de síntesis proteica que puede ser esencial para comprender su participación en el mecanismo de tolerancia de las plantas a estrés.