A randomized study of the safety of outpatient care for patients with bleeding peptic ulcer treated by endoscopic injection (original) (raw)
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Impact of endoscopic therapy on outcome of operation for bleeding peptic ulcers
The American Journal of Surgery, 1993
Since elective surgery for bleeding peptic ulcer disease has declined, the surgical opinion is that patients who undergo emergency operation have more advanced disease and possibly a poorer outcome. We examined current mortality for surgical correction of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding from peptic ulcer disease. Between July 1, 1986, and December 31, 1990, 1,213 patients had esophagogastroduodenoscopy for UGI bleeding (659 with peptic ulcer disease, 219 with gastroesophageal varices, 152 with esophagitis, 83 with other causes, and 100 with no source found). Of 110 patients with peptic ulcer disease treated by endoscopic methods, bleeding was controlled in 90, and 20 required operation for failed endoscopic control. Another 22 patients had primary operation for exigent bleeding with diagnostic endoscopy only. The overall results in our series compared favorably with two pre-therapeutic endoscopy index series (Nottingham, 1982; University of Pittsburgh, 1982). Our operation rate was 6%, with a mortality rate of 7%, compared with operation rates of 15% to 27%, with mortality rates of 21% to 22% in the historical control series. In conclusion, we found that: (I) endoscopic control of UGI bleeding from peptic ulcer disease has decreased the incidence of operation compared with historical series; (2) overall operative mortality is decreasing; and (3) the major postoperative complication is rehleeding.
The efficacy of endoscopic therapy in bleeding peptic ulcer patients
South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 2012
Endotherapy is the primary modality for the control of bleeding from peptic ulceration. To assess the efficacy of endoscopic intervention for high-risk bleeding peptic ulcer disease and to benchmark our surgical and mortality rates. Two hundred and twenty-seven patients with peptic ulcers stratified by Rockall and Forrest scores as at high risk for re-bleeding underwent therapeutic intervention (adrenalin injection) between January 2004 and December 2009. The median age of the patients was 57 years (range 19 - 87 years); 60% were males. Results. Primary endoscopic haemostasis failed in 51/227 patients (22.5%); 18 patients (7.9%) required surgery for bleeding not controlled at initial or second endoscopy; and 29 patients (12.8%) died, 12 by day 3 and 17 by day 30. Fifteen patients, all with significant medical co-morbidity, died after successful primary endotherapy, and 4 died after surgery. Surgical patients required more blood (odds ratio (OR) 1.45, p=0.0001) than those not undergo...
Endoscopic Injection Therapy in Bleeding Peptic Ulcers. Low Mortality in a High Risk Population
Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology, 1992
Endoscoric injection therapy was performed in 341 patients consecutively admitted with a bleeding peptic ulcer at high risk of further hemorrhage, assessed by the presence of active arterial bleeding or a nonbleeding visible vessel at emergency endoscopy. Initial hemostasis was achieved in 111 of 119 actively bleeding patients (93%). Rebleeding ocurred in 75 cases (23%), at a mean interval of 53±52 h. A second emergency injection was a ttempted in 36 therapeutic failures, and was successful in 20 (55%). Emergency surgery was finally required in 52 patients (15%). Overall mortality was 4.9%. Major complications occurred in four patients (1.2%) (two perforations and two aspiration pneumonia); therefore, injection therapy is an effective and simple method for treating bleeding ulcers, achieving the initial control of hemorrhage in a majority of cases although the rate of further hemorrhage is not negligible and complications are not irrelevant.
Update on the Endoscopic Management of Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
Current Gastroenterology Reports, 2011
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common gastrointestinal emergency, with peptic ulcer as the most common cause. Appropriate resuscitation followed by early endoscopy for diagnosis and treatment are of major importance in these patients. Endoscopy is recommended within 24 h of presentation. Endoscopic therapy is indicated for patients with high-risk stigmata, in particular those with active bleeding and visible vessels. The role of endoscopic therapy for ulcers with adherent clots remains to be elucidated. Ablative or mechanical therapies are superior to epinephrine injection alone in terms of prevention of rebleeding. The application of an ulcer-covering hemospray is a new promising tool. High dose proton pump inhibitors should be administered intravenously for 72 h after endoscopy in high-risk patients. Helicobacter pylori should be tested for in all patients with peptic ulcer bleeding and eradicated if positive. These recommendations have been captured in a recent international guideline.
Gut and liver, 2009
The optimal timing for interventional endoscopy in bleeding peptic ulcer disease is controversial. This study compared the outcomes between early endoscopy and delayed endoscopy in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer disease. We conducted a prospective analysis of data from 90 patients with bleeding peptic ulcer disease who visited the emergency room between May 2006 and September 2007. Patients were categorized into two groups: the early-endoscopy group (admitted during the daytime or at night with prompt endoscopic management) and the delayed-endoscopy group (admitted at night or during weekends, with endoscopic management delayed until the next day). We compared the clinical outcomes of endoscopy between the two groups. There were 49 patients in the early-endoscopy group and 41 patients in the delayed-endoscopy group. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, bleeding control modality, and Rockall score did not differ between the two groups. There were also no significant d...
Endoscopic Dual Versus Monotherapy in Patients Bleeding from High-Risk Peptic Ulcers
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2009
Aim: Dual endoscopic and pharmacologic therapy is currently the standard treatment for patients with high-risk peptic ulcer bleeding. The authors assess the efficacy of dual (endoscopic and pharmacologic) therapy versus endoscopic monotherapy in reducing rates of recurrent bleeding and death in patients with high-risk peptic bleeds. Methods: The authors carried out a post-hoc analysis of data on the use of intravenous proton pump inhibitors for the prevention of rebleeding ulcers and death (from an investigator-supported multicenter randomized trial in Italy). All the patients bleeding from high-risk peptic ulcers with a successful endoscopic hemostasis were treated with epinephrine injections alone (n = 157) or in combination with thermal therapy (n = 219). Results: Rebleeding occurred in 20 individuals (12.7%) in the monotherapy group, and in 21 individuals (9.6%) in the dual group (P = 0.33). Seven patients (4.5%) in the former group and 2 (0.9%) in the latter group died, with a 3.6% (95% CI: 0.3 to 8.1) absolute risk reduction. The mean number of units of blood transfused were 2.7 ± 1.7 and 3.2 ± 2.5 (P = 0.14), respectively, and the mean hospital stay was 6.7 ± 3.9 and 7.1 ± 4.3 days (P = 0.40), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the sole independent predictor of death was ulcer size ≥ 20 mm [odds ratio (OR) = 6.56, 95% CI: 1.57 to 27.4]. Dual endoscopic and pharmacologic therapy provided a non-significant reduction in the risk of death (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.05 to 1.34). Conclusion: When adjuvant proton pump inhibitors were administered, dual endoscopic and pharmacologic therapy was not superior to injection monotherapy for reducing rates of rebleeding and death.
British Journal of Surgery, 2011
Background Rebleeding from peptic ulcers is a major contributor to death. This study compared standard (40-mg intravenous infusion of omeprazole once daily for 3 days) and high-dose (80-mg bolus of omeprazole followed by 8-mg/h infusion for 72 h) in reducing the rebleeding rate (primary endpoint), need for surgery, duration of hospital stay and mortality in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding after successful endoscopic therapy. Methods This was a single-institution prospective randomized controlled study based on a postulated therapeutic equivalence of the two treatments. All patients who had successful endoscopic haemostasis of a bleeding peptic ulcer (Forrest classification Ia, Ib, IIa or IIb) were recruited. Informed consent was obtained and patients were randomized to receive standard- or high-dose infusions of intravenous omeprazole. Results Two (3 per cent) of 61 patients in the high-dose group and ten (16 per cent) of 61 in the standard-dose group exhibited rebleeding, a dif...
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2006
This article has an accompanying continuing medical education activity on page 253. Learning Objective-Identify factors associated with mortality in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer treated with therapeutic endoscopy. of patients with bleeding peptic ulcers, mortality is still 10%. This study aimed to identify predictive factors and to develop a prediction model for mortality among patients with bleeding peptic ulcers. Methods: Consecutive patients with endoscopic stigmata of active bleeding, visible vessels, or adherent clots were recruited, and risk factors for mortality were identified in this deprivation cohort by using multiple stepwise logistic regression. A prediction model was then built on the basis of these factors and validated in the evaluation cohort. Results: From 1993 to 2003, 3220 patients with bleeding peptic ulcers were treated. Two hundred eighty-four of the patients developed rebleeding (8.8%); emergency surgery was performed on 47 of these patients, whereas others were managed with endoscopic retreatment. Two hundred twenty-nine of these sustained in-hospital death (7.1%). In patients older than 70 years, presence of comorbidity, more than 1 listed comorbidity, hematemesis on presentation, systolic blood pressure below 100 mm Hg, in-hospital bleeding, rebleeding, and need for surgery were significant predictors for mortality. Helicobacter pylori-related ulcers had lower risk of mortality. The receiver operating characteristic curve comparing the prediction of mortality with actual mortality showed an area under the curve of 0.842. From 2004 to 2006, data were collected prospectively from a second cohort of patients with bleeding peptic ulcers, and mortality was predicted by using the model developed. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed an area under the curve of 0.729.
Endoscopic treatment of high-risk bleeding ulcers: success, rebleeding and mortality
2007
Introduction and aims. Endoscopic treatment of peptic ulcers with high-risk stigmata has been probed. The rates of recurrent bleeding, need for emergent surgery and death are related to Forrest Classification, Blatchford's modified risk score and the kind of endoscopic treatment used (monotherapy vs. dual). The aims of the present study were to report the success of endoscopic therapy in the reduction of the rate of initial success, recurrent bleeding, the need for surgery, and the mortality rate for patients with bleeding peptic ulcer and high-risk stigmata. Patients and methods. From a retrospective view, patients seen from September 2004 to March 2007 who had peptic ulcers Forrest Ia, Ib, IIa and/or IIb were included. Results. Fifty-six patients were included (mean [SD] age 57.3 ± 16.6 years). The success rate was 91%, whilst the rest of the patients required immediate surgery. Recurrent bleeding was presented in 14 (27%) patients and eight (14.2%) required emergency surgery. The mortality rate was 3.6%. No factors were associated with the risk of failure to initial treatment, recurrent bleeding or need for surgery. The use of monotherapy by endoscopy was associated with the mortality. The variable "fellow alone" was not associated with any kind of outcome. Conclusion. Complication rate is similar to previous reports of general hospitals, but is higher than those of referral centers. Endoscopic monotherapy is associated with a major mortality risk.