Enhancing the livelihoods of Uttarakhand farmers by introducing pigeonpea cultivation in hilly areas (original) (raw)
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Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2021; 10(1): 1631-1633, 2021
Weather extremes are essential drivers determining the crop’s yield, both quantity and quality, and thereby, impacting farmers’ income and livelihood. Hill agriculture primarily depends on rainfall and consequently is more vulnerable to adverse impacts of erratic rainfall patterns. To recognize the effect of uncertainties and extremities of rainfall on VL Arhar-1 (Pigeon pea), a study was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chinyalisaur under NICRA project in adopted villages of Block Dunda and Bharkhot of District Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand. The aim was to promote climate resilient practices by introducing short duration and wilt resistant Pigeon pea variety in mainstream pulse cultivation of the district. Observing the lack of irrigation facilities and uneven rainfall for a long period in the area VL Arhar-1 was introduced among the farmers with rationale of not only enhancing the yield but also reduces the risk of protein malnutrition. After sequence of demonstrations and year wise data collection, VL Arhar-1 was found to perform better in terms of yield and economic returns as compared to traditional wild race, popularized as Tur among locals.
Breeding for Earliness in Pigeonpea: Development of New Determinate and Nondeterminate Lines
Crop Science, 2012
P igeonpea is an important legume crop of the semiarid tropics of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. It is a perennial (3-5 yr) bush but typically cultivated as an annual crop. Being high in protein (21-25%) (Saxena et al., 2010), it complements cereals for a balanced diet. In addition to food (dry split and fresh grains), pigeonpea has multiple uses, making it an ideal crop for sustainable agriculture: fodder, feed, fuel, functional utility (for making baskets, huts, and fences), fertilizer (fi xes atmospheric nitrogen and facilitates the release of phosphorus in soil), pharmaceutical, reforestation, lac (insect-secreted resin) production, improvement of soil structure, and reduction of erosion, especially on slopes (Mula and Saxena, 2010). India is the largest producer of pigeonpea in the world (70-80%). In 2010, pigeonpea was planted in 3.53 10 −6 ha in India, generating 2.46 10 −6 t (FAOSTAT, 2010). Although several pigeonpea varieties have been released, productivity of pigeonpea has been diffi cult to increase (around 700 kg ha −1 in the last decade) (FAOSTAT, 2010). Despite being the largest producer of pigeonpea, the annual production in India does not meet domestic
The Status of Pigeonpea Research and Prospects for Extra-short-duration Pigeonpea in Nepal
… with winter crops: proceedings of the …, 1996
Short-duration pigeonpea varieties have helped establish a new pigeonpea-wheat cropping system in the northwestern plains of India. However, because wheat sowing is often delayed in this rotation, extra-short-duration genotypes that w i l l mature 10-15 days earlier than short-duration ones are being developed. To consider the prospects for their adoption, the Indian Agricultural Research Institute and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics jointly hosted a workshop in N e w D e l h i , India. Participants f r o m Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka reviewed the status of pigeonpea in cropping systems of the region and discussed four broad areas in relation to extra-short-duration pigeonpea: improving plant type; improving management; extension and demonstrations; and cropping systems, seed production, and socioeconomic issues. The workshop was followed by a monitoring tour of on-farm trials of the new genotypes (mainly ICPL 85010) in nearby districts of U t t a r Pradesh and Haryana.
Journal of Krishi Vigyan, 2021
A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra East Singhbhum to investigate the performance of different pigeon pea (cajanus cajan) varieties viz., ICPL 8863 ( Maruti), IPA 203, Birsa Arhar1 and LRG 41 with respect to yield, yield attributing characters and economics under rainfed condition. The result revealed that the grain yield ( 12.40 q/ha ) and straw yield ( 49.75 q/ha) and yield attributing characters viz., plant height (241.37cm), number of branches/plant(7.95), pods/plant(191.25), grain/pod(3.80), 100 seed weight (9.53g), biological yield ( 62.15 q/ha), harvest index (19.98%) and economics viz net return ( Rs 58375 /ha) and B:C ratio ( 3.77) were found maximum in case of pigeonpea cultivar LRG41 as compared to grain yield of cultivar IPA 203 (11.40q/ha), ICPL 8863 ( 10.56 q/ha) and Birsa Arhar1 (10.03 q/hq). It was observed that the long duration variety LRG41 suitable for the fallow and uncultivable land to increase the total cultivable land area and soil productivity as well under rainfed condition of farming.
Developing improved varieties of pigeonpea
Burleigh Dodds series in agricultural science, 2018
Introduction 2 Pigeonpea for nutritional security 3 Factors affecting stability of pigeonpea production 4 Genetic factors influencing sustainability of pigeonpea production 5 Enhancing pigeonpea sustainability through crop modelling 6 Enhancing sustainability through an efficient seed system 7 Enhancing sustainability through plant breeding 8 Pigeonpea hybrids for greater productivity and sustainability 9 Future trends and conclusion 10 Where to look for further information 11 References
2013
The study on system productivity, energy-use efficiency and economics of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill sp.]–based cropping systems, viz., pigeonpea–wheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.}, pigeonpea– barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), pigeonpea–lentil {Lens culinaris (L.) Medicus, pigeonpea–field pea {Pisum sativum (L.), sensu lato} and pigeonpea–toria {Brassica rapa (L.) var. toria} with comparise to rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat cropping system was carried out at the Hawalbagh experimental farm of Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand during 2007–2009, under rainfed conditions. Results showed that all the pigeonpea–based cropping systems were superior to traditional rice–wheat cropping system in terms of system productivity, net returns, benefit:cost ratio and net energy returns. Pigeonpea–lentil cropping system proved superior in terms of system net returns ( 63,616/ha), benefit:cost ratio (1.64) and energy ratio (1.94) to pigeonpea–wheat, pigeonpea–barley, pigeonpea–field pea and pigeonpea–toria cropping systems. Rice–wheat cropping system recorded the lowest pigeonpea–equivalent yield (1.32 t/ha), net returns ( 2,750/ha) and benefit:cost ratio (0.06). Nutrient status of the soil improved significantly due to pigeonpea–lentil cropping system over other cropping systems. Pigeonpea–lentil cropping system proved to be the best in terms of monetary returns, net energy return and soil productivity and hence, could be adopted in the north-west Himalayas under rainfed conditions.
2006
Rice-wheat cropping systems (RWCS) are managed on 10 million ha in the Indo Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India. Recent reports, however, indicate that the system is under fatigue and the growth rate of rice and wheat has started declining. Natural resources, particularly soil and water, are threatened because of their over exploitation. Water efficient legumes such as pigeonpea can play an important role in reversing the process of degradation of soil and water resources, and improving the production potential of RWCS. v Contents Abstracts iii Acknowledgements iv Foreword vii List of Figures ix List of Tables xi The context 1 Objectives 1 The pigeonpea-wheat rotation system 2 Genesis of ESDP variety ICPL 88039 3 Tests with ESDP variety ICPL 88039 3
Framework for doubling the income of wheat producers’ by 2022: trends, pathway and drivers
Indian Journal of Economics and Development, 2017
The country has witnessed a series of concerted discussions dealing with the subject of agriculture. In 1926, the Royal Commission of Agriculture was set up to examine and report the status of India's agricultural and rural economy. The Commission made comprehensive recommendations, in its report submitted in 1928, for the improvement of agrarian economy as the basis for the welfare and prosperity of India's rural population. The urban population was about 11 per cent of the whole, and demand from towns was small in comparison. The Commission notes, that communication and physical connectivity were sparse and most villages functioned as self-contained units. The Commission encompassed review of agriculture in areas which are now part of Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. The net sown area in erstwhile British India was reported as 91.85 million hectares and cattle including buffaloes numbered 151 million. Almost 75 per cent of the cultivated area was under cereals and pulses, with rice and wheat occupying 46 per cent of the net sown area. The area under fruits and vegetables was about 2.5 per cent and that under oilseeds and non-food crops was about 20 per cent. In the ensuing years, as well known, the country underwent vast changes in its political, economic and social spheres. Almost 40 years later, free India appointed the National Commission on Agriculture in 1970, to review the progress of agriculture in the country and make recommendations for its improvement and modernisation. This Commission released its final report in 1976. It refers to agriculture as a comprehensive term, which includes crop production together with land and water management, animal husbandry, fishery and forestry. Agriculture, in 1970 provided employment to nearly 70 per cent of the working population. The role of agriculture in the country's economic development and the principle of growth with social justice, were core to the discussions. The country was then facing a high population growth rate. After impressive increase in agricultural production in the first two Five Year Plans, a period of stagnancy set in and the country suffered a food crisis in the mid-1960s. The report in fifteen parts, suggested ample focus on increased application of science and technology to enhance production. Thirty years hence, the National Commission for Farmers was constituted in 2004 to suggest methods for faster and more inclusive growth for farmers. The Commission made comprehensive recommendations covering land reforms, soil testing, augmenting water availability, agriculture productivity, credit and insurance, food security and farmers competitiveness. In its final report of October 2006, the Commission noted upon ten major goals which included a minimum net income to farmers, mainstreaming the human and gender dimension, attention to sustainable livelihoods, fostering youth participation in farming and post-harvest activities, and brought focus on livelihood security of farmers. The need for a single market in India to promote farmer-friendly home markets was also emphasised. The now constituted DFI (Doubling Farmers' Income) Committee besides all these broad sectoral aspects, invites farmers' income into the core of its deliberations and incorporates it as the fulcrum of its strategy. Agriculture in India today is described by a net sown area of 141 million hectares, with field crops continuing to dominate, as exemplified by 55 per cent of the area under cereals. However, agriculture has been diversifying over the decades. Horticulture now accounts for 16 per cent of net sown area. The nation's livestock population counts at more than 512 million. However, economic indicators do not show equitable and egalitarian growth in income of the farmers. The human factor behind agriculture, the farmers, remain in Doubling Farmers' Income-Volume VIII Production Enhancement through Productivity Gains iii vision into reality, a time frame of six years (2016-17 to 2022-23) was delineated as the period for implementation of a new strategy. At the basic level, agriculture when defined as an enterprise comprises two segmentsproduction and post-production. The success of production as of now amounts to half success, and is therefore not sustainable. Recent agitations of farmers (June-July 2017) in certain parts of the country demanding higher prices on their produce following record output or scenes of farmers dumping tractor loads of tomatoes & onions onto the roads or emptying canisters of milk into drains exemplify neglect of other half segment of agriculture. No nation can afford to compromise with its farming and farmers. And much less India, wherein the absolute number of households engaged in agriculture in 2011 (119 million) outpaced those in 1951 (70 million).Then, there are the landless agricultural labour who numbered 144.30 million in 2011 as against 27.30 million in 1951. The welfare of this elephantine size of India's population is predicated upon a robust agricultural growth strategy, that is guided by an income enhancement approach. This Committee on Doubling Farmers' Income (DFI) draws its official members from various Ministries / Departments of Government of India, representing the panoply of the complexities that impact the agricultural system. Members drawn from the civil society with interest in agriculture and concern for the farmers were appointed by the Government as non-official members. The DFI Committee has co-opted more than 100 resource persons from across the country to help it in drafting the Report. These members hail from the world of research, academics, non-government organizations, farmers' organizations, professional associations, trade, industry, commerce, consultancy bodies, policy makers at central & state levels and many more of various domain strengths. Such a vast canvas as expected has brought in a kaleidoscope of knowledge, information, wisdom, experience, analysis and unconventionality to the treatment of the subject. The Committee over the last more than a year since its constitution vide Government O.M. No. 15-3/2016-FW dated 13 th April, 2016 has held countless number of internal meetings, multiple stakeholder meetings, several conferences & workshops across the country and benefitted from many such deliberations organized by others, as also field visits. The call of the Hon'ble Prime Minister to double farmers' income has generated so much of positive buzz around the subject, that no day goes without someone calling on to make a presentation and share views on income doubling strategy. The Committee has been, therefore, lucky to be fed pro-bono service and advice. To help collage, analyse and interpret such a cornucopia of inputs, the Committee has adopted three institutes, namely, NIAP, NCAER and NCCD. The Committee recognizes the services of all these individuals, institutions & organisations and places on record their service. Following the declaration of his vision, the Hon'ble Prime Minister also shaped it by articulating 'Seven Point Agenda', and these have offered the much needed hand holding to the DFI Committee.
Origin of early maturing pigeonpea germplasm and its impact on adaptation and cropping systems
Plant Breeding
Pigeonpea breeding activities started about a century ago and for decades only late maturing cultivars dominated the global cultivation. Historically, no early maturing cultivar was available for a very long time and breeding of such varieties started in the third quarter of 20th century but at a low key. From these efforts, some pigeonpea varieties maturing in 90-150 days were bred. Information gathered from various sources revealed that the first few early maturing genotypes originated through spontaneous mutations in the late maturing field-grown landraces. In other cases, transgressive segregation and induced mutations also produced early maturing varieties. At present, the high yielding early maturing cultivars are contributing significantly towards widening the adaption barriers and in the diversification of some age-old cropping systems. In this paper, the authors, besides discussing the importance of early maturing cultivars in present agricultural systems, also summarize information related to the origin of primary sources of earliness.