Heavy Metal Uptake Potential of Aquatic Plants through Phytoremediation Technique - A Review (original) (raw)
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A review of phytoremediation technology: heavy metals uptake by plants
IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2018
Heavy metal is one of the serious environmental pollutions for now days as impact of industrial development in several countries. Heavy metals give toxic effects on human health and cause several serious diseases. Several techniques have been using for removing heavy metal contaminants from the environment but these techniques have limitations such as high cost, long time, logistical problems and mechanical complexity. Phytoremediation can be used as an alternative solution for heavy metal remediation process because of its advantages as a cost-effective, efficient, environment-and eco-friendly technology based on the use of metal-accumulating plants. According to previous studies, several plants have a high potential as heavy metals bioaccumulator and can be used for phytoremediation process of heavy metals.
Phytoremediation of heavy metals: Recent techniques
2009
The current remediation technique of heavy metal from contaminated soil-water are expensive, time consuming and environmentally destructive. Unlike organic compounds, metals cannot degrade, and therefore effective cleanup requires their immobilization to reduce or remove toxicity. In recent years, scientists and engineers have started to generate cost effective technologies that include use of microorganisms/biomass or live plants to clean polluted areas. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for cleaning up contaminated sites, which is cost effective, and has aesthetic advantages and long term applicability. It is best applied at sites with shallow contamination of organic, nutrient or metal pollutants that are amenable to one of the five applications; phytotransformation, rhizosphere bioremediation, phytostabilization, phytoextraction and rhizofiltration. The technology involves efficient use of plants to remove, detoxify or immobilize environmental contaminants in a growth matrix (soil, water or sediments) through the natural, biological, chemical or physical activities or processes of the plants. A brief review on phytoremediation of heavy metals and its effect on plants have been compiled to provide a wide applicability of phytoremediation.
Increasing urbanization, industrialization, over population and habitat modification are leading causes of environmental deprivation and pollution. Heavy metals such as Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, as etc. are one of the most toxic pollutants which show hazardous effects on all living things. The prevailing purification technologies used for removal of contaminants from wastewater are not only very costly but causes negative impact on ecosystem subsequently. Phytoremediation, an eco-friendly technology which is both ecologically sound and economically feasible is an attractive alternative to the current cleanup methods that are very expensive. This technology involves efficient use of plants including aquatic plants to detoxify or immobilize heavy metals. Aquatic plants are already being used in waste water treatment since long. Thus, this paper reviews the current state of phytoremediation technique based on aquatic plants as an innovative technology and to discuss its usefulness and potential ...
Increasing urbanization, industrialization, over population and habitat modification are leading causes of environmental deprivation and pollution. Heavy metals such as Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, as etc. are one of the most toxic pollutants which show hazardous effects on all living things. The prevailing purification technologies used for removal of contaminants from wastewater are not only very costly but causes negative impact on ecosystem subsequently. Phytoremediation, an eco-friendly technology which is both ecologically sound and economically feasible is an attractive alternative to the current cleanup methods that are very expensive. This technology involves efficient use of plants including aquatic plants to detoxify or immobilize heavy metals. Aquatic plants are already being used in waste water treatment since long. Thus, this paper reviews the current state of phytoremediation technique based on aquatic plants as an innovative technology and to discuss its usefulness and potential in the waste water remediation.3
Phytoremediation of heavy metals polluted environments
The rapid industrial development and agricultural growth and the indiscriminate production of pollutants have faced problems for human societies and the environment .Accumulation and pollution of heavy metals in the environment are the main important problems that as a result of human activities through extraction from ore and processing for various applications has led to the release of these elements in the environment. Heavy metals are non-biodegradable, so they could accumulate in the environment and subsequently contaminate the food chain. Some heavy metals are known as carcinogens, endocrine disruptors and mutagens, and this is a serious threat for human health. Therefore, today, the removal of heavy metal pollutions from the environment has been received special attention by researchers. In the application of physicochemical methods for this purpose, there will be serious limitations such as the need for chemical substances, high cost, the need for specialized equipment and skills, changes in soil characteristics, and disruption of native soil microflora. In contrast, phytoremediation is a better solution to the problem. The use of plants and natural soil microbes to reduce the concentration or toxic effects of pollutants in the environment is called phytoremediation. It is considered as a costeffective, efficient, new, environmentally friendly and highly adoptable technology. New efficient metal superaccumulator plants are being investigated for applications in phytoremediation and plant extraction. This review article comprehensively discusses the background, concepts, processes and mechanisms in plant remediation of heavy metals.
Phytoremediation Prospect in Clean Up of Contaminated Environment with Heavy Metals
2018
Heavy metals contamination of global environment arises from natural sources directly or indirectly from anthropogenic activities such as rapid industrialization, urbanization, energy generation, improper waste management and other local anthropogenic sources. Phytoremediation is a green emerging technology used to remove pollutants from environment components. Phytoremediation, an emerging cost-effective, non-intrusive, and aesthetically pleasing technology, that uses the remarkable ability of plants to concentrate elements and compounds from the environment and to metabolize various molecules in their tissues, appears very promising for the removal of pollutants from the environment. Within this field of phytoremediation, the utilization of plants to transport and concentrate metals from the soil into the harvestable parts of roots and above ground shoots, i.e., phytoextraction, may be, at present, approaching commercialization. Due to its great potential as a viable alternative t...
2021
Soil pollution by heavy metals has become a global problem, as soil contamination by pollutants of mineral origin poses many risks to the environment and human health. To cope with this problem, researchers have developed many treatment techniques, and among these techniques is a botanical treatment which depends on the use of plants called heavy metal bioaccumulating plants to clean up contaminated soils, this technique has several processes such as phytoaccumulation, phytovolatilization, phytoextraction, phytodegradation etc. this review deals with the different mechanisms involved in phytoremediation, their advantages/limitations, the factors influencing bioaccumulation and mobility of metals in soil, and the different families of heavy metal bioaccumulating plants.
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020
Heavy metals constitute a heterogeneous group of elements; a relatively high density of approximately 6 g cm-3 is their common characteristic with atomic weight more than that of iron (Alloway, 1997) [3]. Sources of heavy metal contaminants in soils include metal liferous mining and smelting, metallurgical industries, sewage sludge treatment, warfare and military training, waste disposal sites, agricultural fertilizers and electronic industries (Alloway 1995) [2]. Toxic heavy metals cause DNA damage, and their carcinogenic effects in animals and humans are probably caused by their mutagenic ability (Knasmuller et al., 1998; Baudouin et al., 2002) [46, 8]. Metal-contaminated soil can be remediated by chemical, physical or biological techniques (McEldowney et al., 1993) [56]. Chemical and physical treatments irreversibly affect soil properties, destroy biodiversity and may render the soil useless as a medium for plant growth. Phytoremediation involves the use of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize and/or degrade contaminants in soil, sediment and water (Hughes et al., 1997) [43]. This plant based technology has gained acceptance in the past ten years as a cheap, efficient and environment friendly technology especially for removing toxic metals. Plant based technologies for metal decontamination are extraction, volatilization, stabilization and rhizofiltration. Various soil and plant factors such as soil's physical and chemical properties, plant and microbial exudates, metal bioavailability, plant's ability to uptake, accumulate, translocate, sequester and detoxify metal amounts for phytoremediation efficiency. Use of transgenic to enhance phytoremediation potential seems promising. Despite several advantages, phytoremediation has not yet become a commercially available technology. Progress in the field is hindered by lack of understanding of complex interactions in the rhizosphere and plant based mechanisms which allow metal translocation and accumulation in plants.
PHYTOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY METALS AND ITS EXPLOITATION – REVIEW
This review represents the condition of phytoremediation technologies with meticulous prominence on phytoextraction of contaminated soil by heavy metals and also focused on the probable usage of trees for the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. Heavy metals, the source of pollution in the environment impart serious crisis since these metals are non biodegradable and can accumulate in living organism. Most of the remedial technologies are abundant and slow up the soil fertility; this consequently causes pessimistic impacts on the ecosystem. Phytoremediation is found to be an advanced treatment process which yields cost-effective and eco-friendly technology. Further, the exploit of plants in metal extraction (phytoremediation) has emerged as a potential option in the amputation of heavy metal surplus from soil and water. Phytoremediation of impure water, is based on the farming of aquatic plants such as Eichhornia crassipes and Azolla filiculoides Lam., which have verified as high potential to absorb cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) from aqueous solutions. High biomass weeds were preferred to check the way of contaminants into the food chain by choosing non-edible, disease resistant and tolerant plants, which can afford renewable energy. Consequently creating phytoextraction more feasible for current exploitation.
Heavy metal phytoremediation: Potential and advancement
Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 2020
Industrial activities lead to the release of different types of toxic metals into the environment. Phytoremediation has been established as one of the environmental-friendly and economical processes that have the potential for the remediation of industrial waste. Phytoremediation is used to extract metals from industrial effluents using ex-situ and in-situ treatments. Also, phytoremediation may be used to reclaim the polluted land resource for agricultural purposes. Moreover, this also prevents the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of xenobiotics from farming activities if carried out from polluted land. Phyto-mining can be done to recover and reuse the heavy metals from plant tissues after phytoremediation by plants. This study aimed to give a comprehensive review of recent research work in heavy metal phytoremediation.