The-Possible-Scenarios-of-Resolution-of-the-Nagorno-Karabakh-Conflict (original) (raw)
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Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: the American Keys
This analytical article was published in “People” daily paper in 14-17 May 2014. The review is related to the 20th anniversary of the cease-fire signed between Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh (NK) and Azerbaijan in 1994. US Co-chair of OSCE Minsk Group, the main mediation body in negotiations for the dispute, James Warlick declared the “Basic Principles” which are also known as “Madrid document”. This is the main negotiable document on the discussion table at present. Indeed, it is also the first time when the details of top level talks and the basic principles of the final treaty are officially announced. The only public discussion on NK conflict was held 16 years ago. Then, no other details had ever been officially acknowledged concerning this conflict. Bellow we will discuss the 6 principles which were unveiled by aforementioned American official. According to him and to the Moscow declaration (2.10.2008) these principles are the cardinal directions and host ways to solve the conflict peacefully. Moreover, we are discussing the international community’s outlook on the mechanism of deciding the status of Nagorno-Karabakh below. Finally, what are the roots of this issue and what kind of development it had during last 20 years? Please, take into account that the article was originally composed particularly for Armenian audience and should be considered in the context of Armenian political conjuncture.
Armenia-Azerbaijan Relations: Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict and its Peace Process
Pakistan Journal of International Affairs, 2021
The conflict that was started as a civil war in the Soviet Union turned into one of the longest, bloodiest post-Soviet conflicts. Armenia and Azerbaijan is fighting for Nagorno-Karabakh for over a century, have killed more than 300,000 people including military personnel and civilians. Geopolitical factors and ethnic differences between the two are the primary reasons of the dispute. Several mediating parties intervened and tried to bring a peaceful solution to the dispute, but due to the foreign interventions especially Russian and Turkish military support to the warring states have contributed to deteriorate the situation and also escalated the mistrust between Armenia and Azerbaijan. This research article examines the Armenia-Azerbaijan relations, historical background of Nagorno-Karabakh in detail along with the approach of international community towards it. It also evaluates its peace process and the performance of the main state and non-state actors. This article also has the...
10th International Online Conference on Social Researches and Behavioral Sciences SADAB, October 29-31, Antalya, Turkey. Proceeding Book, ISBN: ISBN:978-625-00-9640-6, 2021
This article describes emergence of the conflict between Armenians and Azerbaijanis and explains those factors that caused the escalation of tensions and prevented the peaceful resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Despite many efforts of the International Community to deescalate tensions between the conflicting parties and bring them back to negotiating table, the outbreak of the Second Karabakh War was inevitable. Armenia refused to make any concessions during negotiations and return occupied territories to Azerbaijan. Since the 1990-s the OSCE Minsk group tried to solve the conflict through negotiations and diplomacy. Three countries, Russia, France, and the USA acted as mediators during the peace talks which were ongoing for 27 years but without any kind of progress. All attempts to solve the conflict peacefully were futile. In the 1990-s, after the end of the First Karabakh War Armenians intended to use seven districts around Karabakh as a bargaining chip during negotiations with Azerbaijan, but later their attitude towards this issue changed and they refused to make any concessions to Azerbaijan. As time passed Armenia's position hardened considerably and they began to view these occupied territories as their own land. The government of Armenia for decades has completely ignored United Nations Security Council resolutions that demanded the withdrawal of Armenian occupational forces from Nagorno-Karabakh and the return of occupied territories to Azerbaijan. When the government of Azerbaijan saw that nothing could be achieved through diplomacy and negotiations, then it decided to resolve the Karabakh conflict by the use of force and increased considerably military spending. The 2020 Karabakh War was the result of the diplomatic failure. Keywords: Nagorno-Karabakh war, conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia, Conflicts in the South Caucasus, Geopolitical interests of great powers in Caucasus region.
Global and Regional Powers in Nagorno-Karabakh Issue
The paper presents the main similarities and differencies of the postiions of global players on Nagorno-Karabakh issue. Particularly, there are presented the main interests controversies and of great powers on this problem. Also, some recommendations have been done in the paper that can be fruitful for peaceful settlement of the conflict.
THE CONFLICT OF AZERBAIJAN AND ARMENIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NAGORNO KARABAKH: AN OVERVIEW
Journal of Malay Islamic Studies, 2021
Every conflict and war has a prehistory , such as Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is one of them. In the current scenario, the Nagorno-Karabakh has become the centre of international politics. The article focuses on the conflicts of Nagorno Karabakh, about its actual geo-location, integrity, and sovereignty. Also, in this study, we have tried to highlight the political agenda of the world's top leading countries like Russia and France was backed by Armenia. At the same time Turkey, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Israel supported Azerbaijan. On 10 th November 2020, after six weeks of fierce fighting, Armenia and Azerbaijan agreed to end the military operation over the Nagorno-Karabakh dispute, the ceasefire brokered by Russian President Vladimir Putin. Armenian leader Nikol Pashinyan has described the decision to agree on a ceasefire as 'painful' for him and their citizens, while Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev has claimed victory. Perhaps, the objective of the full involvement of Turkey in this fight was to give a signal of emerging as a leading country in the Muslim World. The ceasefire was organized by Russia between Armenia and Azerbaijan, which keeps Turkey and western countries out of the final peace talk, which seems like Russia wants to show remains a dominant power and its impact in the South Caucasus.
THE EUROPEAN GEOPOLITICAL FORUM NAGORNO-KARABAKH RESEARCH DIGEST, 2020
The 2020 European Geopolitical Forum Research Digest aimed to explore the resilience of the Nagorno-Karabakh (NK) peace process driven by the implementation of the Madrid/Basic Principles, and the increased relevance of the peace context, created by various initiatives aiming to incentivize peaceful conflict resolution. It consists of three research papers drafted by distinguished Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Russian experts, who have been invited to respond generic questions such as: Are the Madrid Principles really dead? Why haven’t they been implemented so far? What are the Armenian perceived downsides of the Madrid Principles as the most plausible option for the Karabakh conflict resolution? Why does Azerbaijan support the Madrid Principles, and why does Baku believe they could still lead the way to a breakthrough in the peace process? What structural, institutional, conceptual, or operational changes could unblock the NK peace process, while taking advantage from a much needed boost of the peace context?
A New Legal Approach Towards the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Peaceful Resolution
The current research aims at proposing a new legal approach regarding the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between The Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) Republic and Azerbaijan, as well as The Republic of Armenia as a third party involved in the case. The conflict emerged with its current embodiment in late 1980s, due to the national movement of the Armenians in Karabakh for self-determination and reunification with Armenia. The non-violent phase of the conflict lasted no more than half a year and soon after the emergence of the Armenian movement, Azerbaijani then authorities with the help of the Soviet Internal Security Forces and OMON, launched a military attack towards the Armenian population in Karabakh intending to disarm the local Armenian self-defense militia detachments and uproot the Armenian livings in the given region. The active phase of the conflict, i.e. war of national liberation of Karabakh Armenians against the newly independent Azerbaijani Republic lasted from 1991 till 1994. During the war the newly independent Republic of Armenia conducted humanitarian, military and moral support to its compatriots in Karabakh. Azerbaijan in its turn gained the full support of The Republic of Turkey, as well as solidarity of some Islamic states etc. Russia was amongst the sole countries conducting a policy of keeping balance between belligerents both by arms supply and diplomatic stance. Generally by the Russian mediation the Armenian sides and the Azerbaijani side signed a truce agreement in May, 1994 which is in force up till now. The OSCE Minsk Group is delegated the mandate to provide a multilaterally acceptable peaceful resolution for both sides. The negotiations so far proved a little success, though they are an effective tool in keeping the fragile peace in the front line. The current research presents a thorough investigation of the historical roots of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, the current legal paradigm of the conflict, as well as some basic postulates and theoretical approaches necessary for understanding and dealing with the conflict both on the scientific and academic sphere and on the “realpolitik” level. As the quintessence of the paper, the author suggests a new legal approach towards the conflict resolution assuming as a basis both the principles and norms of international law as well as the local conditions and factors peculiar to this single conflict.
Journal of Liberty and International Affairs |Vol. 6, No. 3, 2021| eISSN 1857-9760, 2021
This article explains why it is so difficult to achieve peace in Nagorno-Karabakh and what factors prevent the peaceful resolution of the conflict. This conflict is very difficult to resolve because the conflicting parties have contradictory geopolitical interests and cannot achieve consensus during negotiations. We have to take into account Russia"s geopolitical interests in South Caucasus that Kremlin is interested in freezing this conflict to weaken both states, Azerbaijan and Armenia, and bring them back to Russia"s orbit. Moscow aims to establish firm control over South Caucasus which was viewed in the past as a "Russian backyard". Russia still views South Caucasus as its zone of influence and tries to bring this region back into Russia"s orbit.
Role of International Actors in the Azerbaijan-Armenia Conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh
Nagorno-territory Karabakh's is internationally recognized as an integral part of Azerbaijan, which controls the Armenian-ethnic population. The unresolved territorial dispute between two states, "Armenia and Azerbaijan," over the Nagorno-Karabakh region is the most dangerous threat to the security of the South Caucasus and neighbouring states. The novel ceasefire agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan was brokered unilaterally by Russia, with the major regional actors excluded. As a result, the Armenian masses were outraged, and the territory's legal status remained ambiguous. For decades, the regional confrontation significantly altered geopolitical and geostrategic circumstances, as well as regional and non-regional actors' efforts to reach a comprehensive resolution. In this context, Turkey has a favorable impact on the entire region as a transit energy state, serving as a bridge to the West due to its distinctive location. With the participation of major regional stakeholders, the frozen conflict can easily be transformed into a new cycle of violence. This research aimed to analyze the role of regional actors in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh and explore their geopolitical and geostrategic interests of regional and great powers by using secondary sources of data and seeking a solution to the conflict.