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Functionally Graded Material: An Overview

2012

... Rasheedat M. Mahamood, Esther T. Akinlabi Member, IAENG, Mukul Shukla and Sisa Pityana ... Lee, “Fabrication of ZrO2–NiCr functionally graded material by powder metallurgy,” Materials Chem, [17] Y. Watanabe, Y. Inaguma, H. Sato, and EA Miura-Fujiwara, “Novel fabrication ...

FABRICATION OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED COMPOSITE MATERIAL USING POWDER METALLURGY ROUTE: AN OVERVIEW

Functionally Graded Composite Material (FGCMs) are inhomogeneous materials, consisting of two (or more) different materials, with an engineered gradient along the thickness direction having a continuously varying spatial composition. Keeping in mind the wide areas of application and the probable scope of such materials, some existing problems are discussed. As part of the present investigation, a simple experimentation involving Al-SiC and Al-Al 2 O 3 FGCM, by powder metallurgy (PM) route has been carried out and discussed. The effect of SiC and Al 2 O 3 addition on the density of Aluminium, in the proposed functionally graded composite material and an overview of the current status of research on FGCMs including its future development is presented here. This review is about establishing powder metallurgy (PM) as a better technique for large scale production and up scaling of FGCM. This was further strengthened after considering the benefits of the technique such as process cost efficiency, authenticity of the functional application of the process and high adequacy of the process to control the quality of the FGM.

Review Article Application of Calcium Phosphate Materials in Dentistry

Calcium phosphate materials are similar to bone in composition and in having bioactive and osteoconductive properties. Calcium phosphate materials in different forms, as cements, composites, and coatings, are used in many medical and dental applications. This paper reviews the applications of these materials in dentistry. It presents a brief history, dental applications, and methods for improving their mechanical properties. Notable research is highlighted regarding (1) application of calcium phosphate into various fields in dentistry; (2) improving mechanical properties of calcium phosphate; (3) biomimetic process and functionally graded materials. This paper deals with most common types of the calcium phosphate materials such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate which are currently used in dental and medical fields.

Simulation of Traditional Composites Under Mechanical Loads

— Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) have continuous variation of material properties from one surface to another. The gradation of properties in an FGM reduces the thermal stresses, residual stresses, and stress concentrations found in traditional composites. This paper will explore analysis of FGM flat plates under pressure i.e. mechanical loading in order to understand the effect variation of material properties has on structural response. Theoretical formulation of various material properties is done using Rule of mixtures. The plate is then modeled and subjected to specific boundary conditions after which analysis is carried out. The convergence studies with respect to varying mesh and layers are carried out in order to obtain accurate results. Having fixed a mesh size and number of layers, the variation of displacements and stresses through the thickness of the plate is studied. In addition to this, the variation of the same parameters with changing volume fraction of ceramic is also understood. Results are compared to published results in order to show the accuracy of modelling FGMs using ANSYS software.