A comparative study of American English and Korean vowels produced by male and female speakers (original) (raw)
1996, Journal of Phonetics
F 1 -F 3 and f 0 of 10 Korean vowels and 13 American English vowels produced by 10 male and 10 female speakers of each language group were studied while holding dialectal factors as homogeneous as possible in each group . Within-and across-language comparisons of the collected data revealed considerable variation in vocal tract length between male and female speakers and between Korean and American English speakers . For a more precise comparison , the variation was drastically reduced by applying uniform scaling within and across the two languages . In the cross-language comparison of the normalized data , which were converted to a perceptual dimension , it is argued that adaptive dispersion is operating within a language's system of contrasts to fulfill a condition of suf ficient contrast . t -tests were conducted on those vowels transcribed using the same or similar IPA symbols in the two languages to assess the statistical significance of those comparisons .
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