Relationship of epicardial fat thickness and fasting glucose (original) (raw)
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Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research
Background: Epicardial fat is recognized as active endocrine organ and as emerging risk factor for cardio-metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between epicardial fat and carotid intima–media thickness in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: Epicardial fat thickness was measured in 76 type 2 diabetes patients without clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and 30 age- and sex-matched controls. In addition to laboratory tests, all patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography for epicardial fat thickness and ultrasonographic examination of carotid intima–media thickness. Results: Patients with diabetes had higher epicardial fat thickness and carotid intima–media thickness than those of the controls (6.23 ± 1.27 mm vs 4.6 ± 1.03 mm, p
Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2020
Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a distinct visceral adipose tissue that is present in between the visceral pericardium and myocardium, in which the coronary arteries are lodged. This tissue releases several inflammatory and atherogenic mediators which lead to the initiation and/or progression of coronary atherosclerosis and its thickness is related to the presence and severity of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the EAT thickness in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients by non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) of the chest and to correlate its value with HbA1c levels, duration of T2DM and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study comprising of 40 patients with T2DM who underwent NCCT of chest and ultrasonographic estimation of CIMT. Ten individuals with equivalent age and sex were included as controls, in whom NCCT of chest was done for other purposes. All the individuals und...
Association between Epicardial Fat, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity
Ommega Online Publishers, 2015
Epicardial fat is true visceral fat deposited around sub epicardial coronary vessels; it has been implicated in the development of coronary atherosclerosis. Epicardial fat has been also associated with insulin resistance. Tran’s thoracic echocardiography provides a reliable measurement of epicardial fat thickness. Objective: To evaluate the association between epicardial fat thickness with metabolic syndrome and anthropometric parameters of adiposity. Methods: We assessed 70 patients who underwent echocardiography; the epicardial fat thickness on the free wall of the right ventricle was measured at end-diastole from the parasternal long-axis views of 3 cardiac cycles with Aloka Alfa 6 equipment (Japan), by 2 cardiologists who were unaware of the clinical data. Metabolic syndrome was defined according with the International Diabetes Federation criteria. The association between epicardial fat thicknesses with metabolic syndrome was evaluated with the fisher exact test, whereas its correlation with body mass index, and waist circumference was evaluated with the Pearson coefficient. Results: We found a significant association between epicardial fat thickness and metabolic syndrome (p = 0.0076), we also found a significant correlation between epicardial fat and body mass index (r = 0.51, p = 0.00001) and with waist circumference (r = 0.472, p = 0.0004). Conclusion: Epicardial fat thickness is associated with metabolic syndrome and anthropometric parameters related with adiposity, and may contribute to the cardiovascular risk of these patients.
Echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness and coronary artery disease
2007
besity is recognized as an important risk factor for the development of all features of metabolic syndrome and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1-9 An estimation of visceral adipose tissue is important, and several methods are applied as a surrogate for the assessment of body composition and visceral adipose tissue. Epicardial adipose tissue is true visceral fat deposited around the heart, particularly around subepicardial coronary vessels. While little is known about the pathophysiologic and metabolic roles of epicardial fat, it has been implicated in the development of coronary atherosclerosis. 10 Recent reports have shown that epicardial adipose tissue expresses numerous genes for cytokines and proteins associated with atherosclerosis. 11-13 The association between epicardial fat and coronary artery disease has not been studied in clinical settings. Transthoracic echocardiography provides a reliable measurement of epicardial fat thickness. 14 Thus, the present study was designed to assess the association between epi-cardial fat thickness, measured using transthoracic echocardiography, and the severity of coronary artery stenosis. Methods Study Population Two hundred and three consecutive patients, who underwent coronary angiography, were studied. The patients' clinical diagnoses on admission were acute myocardial infarction in 74 patients (36.5%), unstable angina in 106 patients (51.1%) and stable angina in 23 patients (11.3%). We excluded patients who had severe degree of valvular heart disease (3 patients), cardiomyopathy (1 patient) and pericardial effusion (1 patient). Moreover, we excluded those whose transthoracic echocardiographic imaging was inadequate for the measurement of epicardial fat thickness (14 patients). On admission, blood sampling was performed to measure total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoproteincholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), fibrinogen and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in overnight fasting state. Height (m) and body weight (kg) were used to calculate body mass index. Coronary Angiography In a fasting state, coronary angiography was performed using the Judkins' method, following the puncture of the femoral artery or via a radial artery approach. The severity of coronary atherosclerotic lesions was evaluated from at
2016
Background: Epicardial adipose tissue thickness has been considered to be a possible cardiovascular risk indicator in recent reports. Aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness (EFT) with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: In this hospital based cross sectional observational study a total of 64 patients with T2DM (mean age 54.51±6.60 years and 75.0% male) and 76 age and sex-matched non-diabetic control (mean age 54.97±6.11years and 71.1% male) were evaluated. Echocardiographic EFT and ultrasonographic CIMT were measured in all subjects. Results: Patients with T2DM had significantly increased EFT and CIMT than those of the non-diabetic controls (6.15±0.99 mm versus 4.39±0.61 mm, P< 0.001 and 0.77±0.09 mm versus 0.51±0.05 mm, P< 0.001, respectively). EFT was correlated with CIMT (r = 0.724, P < 0.001), duration of diabetes (r = 0.723, P < 0.001...
Relation of Echocardiographic Epicardial Fat Thickness and Myocardial Fat
The American Journal of Cardiology, 2010
Epicardial and myocardial fats increase with degree of visceral adiposity and possibly contribute to obesity-associated cardiac changes. Echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness is a new and independent marker of visceral adiposity. The aim of this study was to test whether echocardiographic epicardial fat is related to myocardial fat. Twenty consecutive Caucasian men (body mass index 30.5 ؎ 2 kg/m 2 , 42 ؎ 7 years of age) underwent transthoracic echocardiography for epicardial fat thickness, morphologic and diastolic parameter measurements, hydrogen-1 magnetic resonance spectroscopy for myocardial fat quantification, and magnetic resonance imaging for epicardial fat volume estimation. Hydrogen-1 magnetic resonance spectroscopic myocardial fat content, magnetic resonance imaging of epicardial fat volume, and echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness range varied from 0.5% to 31%, 4.5 to 43 ml, and 3 to 15 mm, respectively. Myocardial fat content showed a statistically significant correlation with echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness (r ؍ 0.79, p <0.01), waist circumference (r ؍ 0.64, p <0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r ؍ 0.54, p <0.01), plasma adiponectin levels (r ؍ ؊0.49, p <0.01), and isovolumic relaxation time (r ؍ 0.59, p <0.01). However, multivariate linear regression analysis showed epicardial fat thickness as the most significant independent correlate of myocardial fat (p <0.001). Although this study is purely correlative and no causative conclusions can be drawn, it can be postulated that increased echocardiographic epicardial fat accumulation could reflect myocardial fat in subjects with a wide range of adiposity.
The American Journal of Cardiology, 2013
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an emerging cardiometabolic risk factor, and its thickness can be measured using echocardiography. The relation of EAT to the metabolic syndrome (MS) is still unclear. A meta-analysis of published reports was performed to provide comprehensive insight on the association of EAT thickness as assessed by echocardiography and the MS. A systematic search was conducted for reports on echocardiographic EAT thickness in patients with and without the MS. Nine studies were identified. The pooled population consisted of 2,027 subjects, of whom 1,030 had the MS. EAT thickness was significantly higher in patients with the MS than in those without (standardized difference in means 1.15 mm, 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 1.53, p [ 0.0001). Subgroup meta-analysis showed no difference between patients with and those without the MS by MS criteria used and echocardiographic cardiac cycle of measurement but did show a significant difference by ethnicity, with a greater difference in Caucasian subjects (standardized difference in means 1.75 mm, 95% confidence interval 1.43 to 2.07) than in other ethnic groups. In conclusion, echocardiographic EAT thickness is significantly higher in patients with the MS than in those without, but differences exist by ethnicity. Ó 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. (Am J Cardiol 2013;111:73e78)
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2013
Background. Epicardial fat reflects abdominal visceral adiposity and visceral fat plays an important role in the development of an unfavorable metabolic and atherosclerosis risk profile. Intracoronary thrombus burden is an important factor affecting the success of the procedure particularly in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Therefore, determining the factors predicting thrombus burden has great importance in predicting adverse cardiovascular events as well as determining the most appropriate treatment strategy to prevent failure in PCI. Aim. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between Epicardial adipose thickness (EAT) and thrombus burden in the patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who undergo primary PCI (pPCI). Methods. The study was prospective and included patients (n=156) who were referred to Kosuyolu Research and Education hospital with STEMI between 2016 and 2017. Thrombus burden was scored as follows: 0 (no thrombus), 1 (possible thrombus), 2 (definite thrombus <0.5xreference vessel diameter), 3 (definite thrombus 0.5-2xreference vessel diameter), 4 (definite thrombus >2xreference vessel diameter), and 5 (complete vessel occlusion). According to thrombus grade the patients were grouped as low thrombus burden (grades 0-3) and high thrombus burden (grades 4 and 5). EAT, identified as an echo-free space between the myocardium and visceral pericardium, was measured perpendicularly, on the free wall of the right ventricle at both parasternal long-and short-axis views at end-diastole in three cardiac cycles. Results. Fifty-one subjects were in the low thrombus burden group and 105 in the high thrombus burden group. There were no differences in the two groups for LVEF, smoking status, family history of coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), and hypercholesterolemia and for total cholesterol, triglyceride, GFR, LDL-C and HDL-C. In multivariate logistic regression analysis the EAT (odds ratio: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.76-3.67; p < .001) was found as an independent predictor of high thrombus burden. Conclusions. The present study showed that EAT was an independent predictor of coronary thrombus burden in STEMI.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2021
Introduction: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), as a visceral adipose tissue, is associated with various cardiometabolic risk factors, such as fasting plasma glucose, systemic blood pressure and serum low-density lipoprotein. Using EAT thickness as a cost-efficient assessment tool for stratifying the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) is still controversial. Methods: We enrolled 250 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography during 2016 and gathered their demographic. Echocardiographic examinations were performed in the left lateral decubitus position and EAT thickness was measured in standard parasternal long-axis (PLAX) and apical four chamber views. Results: 250 patients including 156 men (mean age: 57.66) and 94 women (mean age: 61.19) were enrolled. Two vessel disease (2VD) and three vessel disease (3VD) were significantly associated with hyperlipidemia (P: 0.04), CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) (P: 0.001), diabetes mellitus (P: 0.001) and smoking habits (P: 0.001). Also, EAT thickness in PLAX view (P<0.001), and not four chamber view (P: 0.136), was significantly associated and correlated with increased involvement of coronary arteries in catheterization. Conclusion: Although EAT thickness in PLAX view was significantly correlated with 2VD and 3VD, this correlation was not strong and the accuracy of this approach needs further evaluation.