Molecular dynamics study of amorphous pocket formation in Si at low energies and its application to improve binary collision models (original) (raw)

Characterization of amorphous Si generated through classical molecular dynamics simulations

2017

We performed a characterization of the energetic and structural features of amorphous Si using classical molecular dynamics simulations. We generated amorphous Si samples from different procedures: quenching liquid silicon, accumulating the damage generated by subsequent energetic recoils, and accumulating point defects. The obtained energetic and structural features of these types of samples are analyzed to elucidate which procedure provides a more realistic a-Si structure.

The role of the bond defect on silicon amorphization: a molecular dynamics study

Computational Materials Science, 2003

We have studied the influence of the so called ''bond defect'' in the silicon amorphization process using molecular dynamics simulation techniques. The bond defect consists in a local distortion of the silicon lattice with no excess or deficit of atoms, and it can be formed during ion-beam irradiation. Even though the bond defect lifetime is too short to justify damage accumulation at usual implantation temperatures, we have observed however that the interaction between close bond defects can generate more stable structures which behave as the amorphous pockets created by ion irradiation. We have seen as well that the recombination of a given amount of damage created by bond defect accumulation depends of its spatial distribution.

Modeling of damage generation mechanisms in silicon at energies below the displacement threshold

Physical Review B, 2006

We have used molecular dynamics simulation techniques to study the generation of damage in Si within the low-energy deposition regime. We have demonstrated that energy transfers below the displacement threshold can produce a significant amount of damage, usually neglected in traditional radiation damage calculations. The formation of amorphous pockets agrees with the thermal spike concept of local melting. However, we have found that the order-disorder transition is not instantaneous, but it requires some time to reach the appropriate kinetic-potential energy redistribution for melting. The competition between the rate of this energy redistribution and the energy diffusion to the surrounding atoms determines the amount of damage generated by a given deposited energy. Our findings explain the diverse damage morphology produced by ions of different masses.

Bulk atomic relocation in low-energy collision cascades in silicon: Molecular Dynamics versus Monte Carlo simulations

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 1994

We investigate the atomic mixing produced in the bulk of a zero-temperature silicon target by internally-starting low-energy (100 eV) self-recoils. Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are applied. The many-body Tersoff potential connected smoothly with the pairlike Ziegler-Biersack potential is used in the MD simulation. The collisional model of the MC code is based on the Ziegler-Biersack potential and includes a calculation of the mean free-flight path and the random impact parameter by using the energy-dependent total cross-section for elastic collisions. For a quantitative description of the process of ion-induced atomic mixing we calculate the depth dependence of the number of displaced atoms, and the first and second moments of the relocation cross-section.

Optimization of large amorphous silicon and silica structures for molecular dynamics simulations of energetic impacts

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2011

A practical method to create optimized amorphous silicon and silica structures for molecular dynamics simulations is developed and tested. The method is based on the Wooten, Winer, and Weaire algorithm and combination of small optimized blocks to larger structures. The method makes possible to perform simulations of either very large cluster hypervelocity impacts on amorphous targets or small displacements induced by low energy ion impacts in silicon.

Molecular dynamics characterization of as-implanted damage in silicon

Materials Science and Engineering: B, 2005

We have analyzed the as-implanted damage produced in silicon by B, Si and Ge ions using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Implantations were carried out at 50 K to avoid damage migration and annealing. In order to make a statistical study of the damage features, we have simulated hundreds of independent cascades for each ion for the same nuclear deposited energy. We have obtained that the average number of displaced atoms (DA) from perfect lattice positions and the size of defect clusters formed increases with ion mass. This dependence has not been obtained from equivalent binary collisions simulations. This indicates that multiple interactions play an important role in the generation of damage. Amorphous regions are directly formed during the collisional phase of the cascade of Ge and Si ions.

Temperature effect on damage generation mechanisms during ion implantation in Si. A classical molecular dynamics study

2012

We have studied the temperature effect on the damage generation mechanisms in silicon, suppressing the influence of dynamic annealing. We have done dedicated classical molecular dynamics simulations to determine how the ballistic mechanism and the thermal spikes are affected by temperature. We have quantified the minimum energy required to permanently displace an atom from its lattice position by a ballistic collision. We have found that the displacement energy threshold does not change appreciably with temperature. However, when subthreshold energy is simultaneously deposited in several neighboring particles in a finite volume, i.e. when thermal spikes occur, there is an enhancement of the generation of damage with increasing temperature. In high energy recoils both mechanisms are combined, and it results in an increase of the generated damage with temperature.

Ion-beam processing of silicon at keV energies: A molecular-dynamics study

Physical Review B, 1996

We discuss molecular-dynamics simulations of ion damage in silicon, with emphasis on the effects of ion mass and energy. We employ the Stillinger-Weber potential for silicon, suitably modified to account for high-energy collisions between dopant-silicon and silicon-silicon pairs. The computational cells contain up to 10 6 atoms and these are bombarded by B and As atoms at incident energies from 1 keV up to 15 keV. We show that the displacement cascade results in the production of amorphous pockets as well as isolated point defects and small clusters with populations which have a strong dependence on ion mass and a weaker relationship to the ion energy. We show that the total number of displaced atoms agrees with the predictions of binary collision calculations for low-mass ions, but is a factor of 2 larger for heavy-ion masses. We compare the simulations to experiments and show that our results provide a clear and consistent physical picture of damage production in silicon under ion bombardment. We studied the stability of the damage produced by heavy ions at different temperatures and the nature of the recrystallization mechanism. The inhomogeneous nature of the damage makes the characterization of the process through a single activation energy very difficult. An effective activation energy is found depending on the pocket size. We discuss our results considering the Spaepen-Turnbull recrystallization model for an amorphous-crystalline planar interface.

Microscopic Description of the Irradiation-Induced Amorphization in Silicon

Physical Review Letters, 2003

We have investigated the atomistic mechanism behind the irradiation-induced amorphization in Si using molecular dynamics simulation techniques. The microscopic description of the process is based on the defect known as bond defect or IV pair. IV pairs recombine very fast when isolated, but if they interact to each other they survive longer times and thus accumulate giving rise to amorphization. This fact accounts for the superlinear behavior of the accumulated damage with dose and the different activation energies for recrystallization observed in the experiments. The molecular dynamics results have been used to define an atomistic model for amorphization and recrystallization which has been implemented in a kinetic Monte Carlo code. The model is able to reproduce quantitatively the dependence of the critical crystal-amorphous transition on the irradiation parameters.