Austerity and Welfare Reform in South-Western Europe: A Farewell to Corporatism in Italy, Spain and Portugal? (original) (raw)

Goodbye to Competitive Corporatism in Spain? Social Pacting and Conflict in the Economic Crisis

Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 2014

The economic crisis has placed the corporatist framework in Spain under significant strain. Labour unrest has also intensified, shifting to the political arena and threatening to overwhelm existing institutional channels. This article evaluates the tendencies toward consensus and conflict in democratic Spain, examining the theoretical debate on the competitive reorientation of national models of corporatism in Southern Europe within the context of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). In addition, it examines the symptoms of erosion in the Spanish corporatist experience within a scenario of economic crisis. The article emphasizes the underlying continuity in the political exchange between government and social partners and concludes that, despite the deterioration of social dialogue, the mechanisms for the production of social pacts in Spain have not completely fractured, and there are possibilities for their reactivation.

Crisis-Induced Social Conflicts in the European Union – Trade Union Perspectives: The Emergence of ‘Crisis Corporatism’ or the Failure of Corporatist Arrangements?

Global Labour Journal, 2014

This paper aims to explore the role of labour and trade unions in the repeated shifts of crisis phenomena over the past years. It addresses the question why, confronted with the very profoundness of the crisis, they have failed to develop politically relevant and socially progressive strategies so far. The presented argument not only refers to structural power relations but in particular to the political struggles and processes in which more far-reaching ambitions have been knocked into shape. In that context, the focus is above all on economic stimulus packages, financial market regulation, and current budget consolidation. The paper will be organised as follows: It will start with some general problems of trade unions in generating sufficient power and organisational capacities against the background of the unfolding crisis within the European Union (EU). The next section empirically highlights these developments by discussing the cases of Germany, France, and Spain. The paper then concludes highlighting common challenges and chances, but also the difficulties to form new progressive European alliances.

(with Bieling, H.-J.): Crisis-induced social conflicts in the European Union – trade union perspectives: the emergence of 'crisis corporatism' or the failure of corporatist arrangements

Global Labour Journal, 2014

This paper aims to explore the role of labour and trade unions in the repeated shifts of crisis phenomena over the past years. It addresses the question why, confronted with the very profoundness of the crisis, they have failed to develop politically relevant and socially progressive strategies so far. The presented argument not only refers to structural power relations but in particular to the political struggles and processes in which more far-reaching ambitions have been knocked into shape. In that context, the focus is above all on economic stimulus packages, financial market regulation, and current budget consolidation. The paper will be organised as follows: It will start with some general problems of trade unions in generating sufficient power and organisational capacities against the background of the unfolding crisis within the European Union (EU). The next section empirically highlights these developments by discussing the cases of Germany, France, and Spain. The paper then concludes highlighting common challenges and chances, but also the difficulties to form new progressive European alliances.

European economic government and the corporatist quid pro quo

Industrial Relations Journal, 2003

This article examines the effect which the evolving system of European Economic government is having on national corporatist type deals. This is done by first outlining the institutional formation of European Economic government and second examining two case studies-one from Finland and one from Ireland.

Political exchange, crisis of representation and trade union strategies in a time of austerity: trade unions and 15M in Spain

This article analyses the strategy of major Spanish trade unions in the context of economic crisis through the theoretical framework of political exchange. It focuses on a frequently ignored dimension of political exchange, namely the relationship between union leaders and the rank-and-file, which, under certain circumstances, can lead to a crisis of representation. Based on document analysis and semi-structured interviews, this article explores the strategic behaviour of Spanish trade unions and their relationship with the so-called 15M movement. It concludes that the ambiguous strategy of the major unions can be explained, not only as a result of their effort to preserve their institutional power and their political influence in the public sphere, but also as a response to the emergence of the 15M movement, which has made these organizations confront the threat of a crisis of representation. Ré sumé Cet article analyse la stratégie des grands syndicats espagnols dans le contexte de la crise e ´conomique au travers du cadre théorique de l'e ´change politique. Il se focalise sur une dimension souvent ignorée de l'e ´change politique, a ` savoir la relation entre les leaders syndicaux et la base, qui dans certaines circonstances, peut conduire a ` une crise de la représentation. Sur la base d'une analyse de documents et d'interviews partiellement structurées, l'article explore le comportement stratégique des syndicats espagnols et leurs relations avec le mouvement dit 15M. Il conclut que la

Beyond de-centralization: The erosion of collective bargaining in Spain during the Great Recession

Stato e Mercato, 2014

Social partners in Spain have since the early 1980s worked to consolidate strong collective coordination capacities. Particularly important in this regard have been the efforts since the mid 1990s to strengthen collective bargaining at sectoral level to consolidate a top-down mechanism of organized de-centralization. Peak bi-partite agreements on collective bargaining, conflict resolution and lifelong learning have also contributed to these goals. The article first of all shows the difficulties to develop autonomous coordination mechanisms in a context of significant statutory regulation of industrial relations and permanent threat of unilateral state regulation. Moreover, it is also argued how in the case of Spain, the state does not only supplement the coordination deficit of social partners but very often substitutes them. The reform trajectory since the 1990s is accordingly characterized by the lack of institutionalized social dialogue and hence the discretionary intervention of the state in critical junctures as developments in the Great Recession shows. Social partners, in a Sisyphus like process, have to rebuild their self-regulatory capacities and adapt to the new framework imposed by the state.

The Renaissance of National Corporatism: unintended side-effect of European Economic and Monetary Union or calculated response to the absence of European Social Policy?

Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 1999

The “death certificate” issued to macro-corporatist concertation in Europe in the 1980s seems to have been premature - just as the “(re)-birth certificate” given it in the mid-1970s proved short-lived. At the very moment that academics first started using the concept to analyse trends in advanced capitalist societies, the practice had already peaked and it continued to decline thereafter. Then, just as many observers had announced its extinction, corporatism has risen again and now seems to be carrying its twin burdens of interest associability and policy-making to new heights during the 1990s. The primary “growth potential” for contemporary macro-corporatists at the national level lies in the feverish efforts of their governments and associations to adapt to EU directives, product and professional standards, verdicts of the ECJ and the convergence criteria for EMU. Trade unions may not be as directly involved in this process as they were in the past, but they have a great deal at s...

Neoliberal trends in collective bargaining and employment regulation in Spain, Italy and the UK: From institutional forms to institutional outcomes

European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2018

This article discusses the effect of neoliberal trends in employment regulation during the 2008 recession. Liberalization in employment institutions is a long-term trend reinforced by the implementation of austerity policies. I use EU-SILC panel data to discuss these trends in Spain, Italy and the UK in three periods: before the crisis (2004–2007), during the crisis (2007–2010) and under austerity (2010–2013). Although liberalization reforms interacted with the existing institutional architectures, I find a common trend towards greater employer discretion. Crucially, this trend in institutional outcomes appears in countries with different formal institutional characteristics in employment and collective bargaining.