Community in voice? A reconsideration of the social context Danish royal charters functioned in the 11th century (original) (raw)
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The Danish Constitutial charter of 1282
THE DANISH CONSTITUTIONAL CHARTER OF 29 JULY 1282, 2023
In 1282, the kingdom of Denmark received its first constitutional charter. The charter laid down the boundaries of the king’s power, and established the governmental role for the ‘best men’ in the kingdom: i.e., the most prominent members of the elite, secular as well as ecclesiastical. The charter was the culmination of a long period of political conflicts between the king’s and the magnates, about the king’s right to legislate, judge and levy taxes and dues. In the charter, the king promised to rule together with the parliament, and that their consent was needed to new legislation, taxes and dues. The freedom of the church was secured, and a number of legal guaranties were given, for instance against arbitrary imprisonment and sentences.
2007
It has been long thought that one hundred years from the middle of the 11th century when Cnut’s empire collapsed to the year 1157 when Valdemar the Great became Danish king was a transitory age in Danish history. Some historians considered these years as an age of shift from the pagan Viking Age to the Christian Middle Ages.1 However we have to pay more attention to the century to deeply understand that various innovative shifts were progressing politically, economically, socially and culturally. My paper aims to make clear one aspect of these shifts, that is the background of the transformation of property confirmation in Denmark at the gate of the early Middle Ages. The central concern exists in how and why Denmark, non-successor state of the Roman empire, adopted the way of property confirmation through written documents into its own system of land management.
A Fragment of Norwegian Charters from ca. 1205: A Diplomatic Edition and Analysis
Opuscula, 2018
I n 2015 a parchment fragment was found at the Arnamagnaean Institute in Copenhagen, inside the original binding of a late fifteenth-century Danish law codex, AM 22 4to. The fragment was certainly not known to Árni Magnússon, the first documented owner of AM 22 4to, nor to anyone else for that matter until it was discovered. The present paper provides a diplomatic edition of the new fragment, including an analysis of the physical document, its writing and language, and finally of the historical context of its production, as far as this is possible given the fragmentary state of the text.
“Per Clerum et Populum”? Legal Terminology and Episcopal Appointments in Denmark 1059–1225
Traditio, 2016
The phrase per clerum et populum (“by clergy and people”) was traditionally used to describe how the election of a bishop had been or should be undertaken. Over the course of the twelfth century this changed. Ecclesiastical legislation was step by step revised and codified. The aim of the reformers was to safeguard the autonomy of the Church and to reduce lay influence. The purposes of this article are, first, to examine legal terminology in the context of episcopal appointments from 1059 to 1215, with special reference to the formula per clerum et populum and the role of cathedral chapters as electoral bodies; second, to examine how episcopal appointments were actually undertaken and what terminology was used in the kingdom of Denmark until circa 1225; and, third, to share some ideas about the development of canon law in the context of “cathedral culture.” My conclusions are, first, that the mode of election per clerum et populum was gradually replaced and eventually became invalid...
2010
ASGER THRUGOTSEN is the first Scandinavian prelate for whom it is possible to construct a biographical sketch based on a dossier of documents rather than relying on the evidence of literary biographies and hagiographies. Asger of Lund -the first archbishop in Scandinavia -stands out and allows us a small glimpse of his personality and policy. His long career was focused on the diocese of Lund, whose bishop he was 1089-1137, and covers a long period of relative stability in the Danish kingdom, which ended with the battle at Fotevik in 1134 where six of Denmark's bishops died after Asger's unexpected switch of allegiance from the royal party to that of the pretender Erik II Emune on the eve of battle.
Two texts by Eneas Silvius Piccolomini on Denmark.pdf
Umisteligt – Festskrift til Erland Kolding Nielsen. Edited by John T. Lauridsen and Olaf Olsen, 2007
Two texts of Eneas Silvius Piccolomini on Denmark are presented. One is the chapter on the Danish king, Eric VII of Pomerania, from De Viris Illustribus, and the other is the chapter on Denmark and the other Scandinavian realms from De Europa. The two texts form the basis of a picture of Denmark as held by an international European personality towards the middle of the 15th century.