Dynamic MRI of tumours in head and neck with a contrast-enhanced FLASH-2D sequence (original) (raw)
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Magnetic resonance imaging in head and neck radiodiagnosis: An overview
Journal of Medicine, Radiology, Pathology and Surgery, 2015
"Necessity is the mother of invention"... so goes the age old adage. The insight into the human body has always fascinated man. When diseases and disorders went beyond comprehension, man invented imaging to learn more about the internal architecture of the body. The zeal to gain more information about the underlying disease process compelled researchers, to seek out for the better imaging modalities could help eliminate the drawbacks of conventional imaging and at the same time provide accurate visualization of the internal body structure. With the introduction of high field magnets, advancements in operational procedures through the evolution of hardware and software and the ability to image hyperpolarized nuclei of He 3 and Xe 129 in addition to H atoms, the arrival of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the early 1970's has been revolutionary. An increased knowledge base over the years has provided a better understanding of how it can best be utilized, either alone or in conjunction with other techniques, in order to maximize diagnostic certainty. Although its application was initially limited to the neuro-axis, it has now widened to cover all the regions of the body including the head and neck. The advantages of being a non-ionizing technique and at the same time providing excellent soft tissue resolution earmarks this imaging technique to particular situations in head and neck radiodiagnosis. Inflammatory and neoplastic pathologies affecting the salivary glands, nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, lymph nodes, orbits, and intracranial structures are particularly amenable to MRI studies. Furthermore, such pathologies affecting the temporomandibular joint and its soft tissue counterparts are unambiguous candidates for a detailed MRI examination. In this backdrop, this paper aims at reviewing the various applications of MRI in the head and neck region. Actual MRI images of head and neck pathologies shall be presented accompanying the literature.
Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal, 2013
Despite advances in technology, the radiologic assessment of certain head and neck lesions may still pose difficulties because of the complex anatomy of this region, the small and mobile structures that this region harbors, and the apposition of mucosal surfaces in the neutral position. Certain maneuvers have been described in the literature to overcome these difficulties. We review the use of the Valsalva and the modified Valsalva maneuver, the puffed-cheek technique, phonation, and inspiration, with possible applications in head and neck imaging.
Different imaging techniques in the head and neck: Assets and drawbacks
World journal of radiology, 2010
In this review, the gold standard imaging techniques for the head and neck and the latest upcoming techniques are presented, by comparing computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-CT, as well as ultrasound, depending on the examined area. The advantages and disadvantages of each examination protocol are presented. This article illustrates the connection between the imaging technique and the examined area. Therefore, the head and neck area is divided into different sections such as bony structures, nervous system, mucous membranes and squamous epithelium, glandular tissue, and lymphatic tissue and vessels. Finally, the latest techniques in the field of head and neck imaging such as multidetector CT, dual-energy CT, flash CT, magnetic resonance angiography, spectroscopy, and diffusion tensor tractography using 3 tesla magnetic resonance are discussed.
New directions in head and neck imaging
Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2008
Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and the hybrid modality of PET/CT are sensitive and reliable tools for detection and staging of head and neck cancers. This article describes the role of PET/CT in initial staging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the utility of CT/MR perfusion imaging in qualitative analysis of tumor tissue, and the usefulness of diffusion weighted MR and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in head and neck oncological imaging.
Journal of Surgical Oncology 2008;97:644–648 New Directions in Head and Neck Imaging
2016
Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and the hybrid modality of PET/CT are sensitive and reliable tools for detection and staging of head and neck cancers. This article describes the role of PET/CT in initial staging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the utility of CT/MR perfusion imaging in qualitative analysis of tumor tissue, and the usefulness of diffusion weighted MR and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in head and neck oncological imaging. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:644–648. 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Head and neck imaging: The role of CT and MRI
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2007
High-resolution computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have become indispensable tools for the evaluation of conditions involving the head and neck. Complex anatomic structures and regions, such as the orbit, skull base, paranasal sinuses, deep spaces of the neck, larynx, and lymph nodes, require that the radiologist be familiar with the imaging modalities available and their appropriate applications. The purpose of this article is to review the techniques of CT and MRI and the roles they play in clinical practice, including head and neck disorders.
MRI Sequences in Head & Neck Radiology - State of the Art
RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin, 2017
Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an essential imaging modality for the evaluation of head & neck pathologies. However, the diagnostic power of MRI is strongly related to the appropriate selection and interpretation of imaging protocols and sequences. The aim of this article is to review state-of-the-art sequences for the clinical routine in head & neck MRI and to describe the evidence for which medical question these sequences and techniques are useful. Method Literature review of state-of-the-art sequences in head & neck MRI. Results and Conclusion Basic sequences (T1w, T2w, T1wC+) and fat suppression techniques (TIRM/STIR, Dixon, Spectral Fat sat) are important tools in the diagnostic workup of inflammation, congenital lesions and tumors including staging. Additional sequences (SSFP (CISS, FIESTA), SPACE, VISTA, 3D-FLAIR) are used for pathologies of the cranial nerves, labyrinth and evaluation of endolymphatic hydrops in Menière's disease. Vessel and perf...
Magnetization transfer contrast MR in lesions of the head and neck
AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 1996
To compare lesion-to-background contrast with and without magnetization transfer (MT) in lesions of the head and neck. Twenty lesions (16 malignant, 4 benign) were evaluated in 17 patients (11 men, 6 women; mean age, 58 years; age range, 39-76 years). In 13 patients, MR imaging was performed at 0.1 T with continuous-wave, off-resonance MT; in 4 patients, MR imaging was performed at 1.5 T with on-resonance, binomial MT prepulses. Fifteen sequences were conducted before the administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine; 13 were conducted after the administration of that contrast material. The ratio of signal intensity with the MT pulses (Ms) to signal intensity without the MT pulses (Mo) was calculated, as were the lesion-to-background contrast and the contrast-to-noise ratios. Ms/Mo showed both wide variability and considerable overlap among different lesion types. Images from MT sequences showed better contrast than those from non-MT sequences in 23 of 28 lesions (12 of 15 before and ...
Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, 2012
The aim of the study was to verify the concordance of contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) and MRI evaluation among four radiologists in detecting metastatic cervical lymph nodes of oral cancer patients. Methods: Ten patients underwent clinical and imaging examinations (CECT and MRI). Four radiologists, two oral and maxillofacial radiologists (OMRs) and two medical radiologists (MRs), independently analysed the images twice. Cohen's kappa index and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to verify the concordance between all analyses. Results: Regarding the interobserver agreement, the OMRs presented excellent kappa values for determining the regional lymph nodes (N-stage) in both CECT and MRI. The MRs presented moderate agreement for CECT evaluation at the first reading, but no concordance was found for the other analyses. When each imaging modality was analysed separately, kappa values were higher between all examiners. Greater variability was demonstrated between Nstage evaluation using different examinations. All radiologists were able to identify a greater number of metastatic lymph nodes in CECT than in MRI, except one MR, but no significant difference was found for all readers. The differences between the number of metastatic lymph nodes among all radiologists were not statistically significant. Moderate intraobserver agreement was observed for CECT and MRI evaluation, except for one MR. Conclusions: The differences found between the N-stage performed by OMRs and MRs support the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in the imaging evaluation of metastatic nodes. Further studies are necessary to confirm which imaging modality should be employed when evaluating neck areas.