Fifth Through Eighth Grade Longitudinal Predictors of Tobacco Use Among a Racially Diverse Cohort: CATCH (original) (raw)
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Tobacco Use and Smoking Intentions Among U.S. Fifth-Grade Students
Journal of Adolescent Health, 2014
Purpose: To identify the risk and protective factors for cigarette smoking and future intentions among racially/ethnically diverse preadolescent children. Methods: We analyzed data from 5,119 fifth-grade children and their parents living in three U.S. metropolitan areas. Using the multivariate logistic regression models, we examined how cigarette smoking and intentions to smoke within 1 year are associated with (1) number of friends who smoke, (2) parental disapproval of smoking, (3) parental communication about not smoking, (4) performance in school, and (5) educational aspirations. Results: Twenty-nine percent of the children were black, 44% were Hispanic, 22% were white, and 5% were of another race/ethnicity. Mean age was 11.1 years. The prevalence of ever smoking a cigarette among black, Hispanic, and white children was 9.8%, 5.6%, and 4.9%, respectively. In adjusted analyses, children were more likely to have smoked a cigarette if their friends smoked (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.8e6.9), they frequently had trouble with schoolwork (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5e3.1), or their parents were not college graduates (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2e3.5 for high school graduate). They were less likely to have smoked cigarettes if their parents disapproved of smoking (aOR .3, 95% CI .1e.6). Parental communication (aOR .1, 95% CI .0e.6) and disapproval (aOR .2, 95% CI .1e.7) had protective associations for future intentions among children who had ever and had never smoked, respectively. Conclusions: Fifth-graders share many of the same risk factors for smoking identified in older adolescents, some of which are modifiable. Antismoking policies and programs should be designed for preadolescents as well as adolescents, and campaigns targeting parents should place greater emphasis on communication and expressed disapproval of smoking.
The patterns and predictors of smokeless tobacco onset among urban public school teenagers
American journal of preventive medicine
This study describes the patterns and predictors of smokeless tobacco (ST) use in a large sample of urban public school students in Los Angeles and San Diego. The use of ST is more common among men than women and among Caucasians than African Americans, Hispanics, and others. Approximately 20% of the male respondents and 5% of the female respondents reported use of ST at least once, and 10.1% of male students and 3.1% of female students who had never tried ST by seventh grade started to use it by eighth grade. Among Caucasians, about 30% of boys reported trying ST at least once and 13.7% of those who had never used ST by seventh grade initiated experimentation by eighth grade. These data are used to examine the family, peer, and intrapersonal predictors of ST onset. The family risk factors for ST onset include living with a single parent, parent-child conflicts, and parental alcohol use. The peer risk factors for ST use include peer drug use and activities with friends, such as part...
The tobacco-related behavioral risks of a nationally representative sample of adolescents
2004
The study'spurpose was to determine which factors were the strongest predictors of tobacco smokingbehaviors among U.S. adolescents. The population includeda nationally representative sample of6,504 adolescents residing in the U.S. Data were collected in respondents 'homes using trained interviewers. Weightedpopulation estimates showedthat over half(55.6%) of adolescents had "ever tried smoking, " nearly half of whom (48.2%) reported "regular smoking. " Those whose closestfriends smoked were twice as likely to "ever smoke "fO R = 2.24, p<.001), twice as likely to be a "regular smoker" (OK = 2.28, p <.OO1), andmore likely (b = 5. i5p <.OO1) to have smoked daily than those whosefriends do not smoke. Results show the very stronginfluenceoffriendships on tobacco initiation and continuance amongthis nationalsample of adolescents. Recommendations forprimary andsecondaryprevention are noted.
Ethnic variation in socioenvironmental factors that influence adolescent smoking
Journal of Adolescent Health, 2005
Purpose: To compare black, Hispanic and white adolescent smokers on socioenvironmental factors associated with smoking. Methods: The study uses a cross-sectional design. A needs assessment of 1305 current, former and never adolescent smokers from four ethnically and geographically diverse sites in the United States was conducted in 1999. Two sites were selected because they represented urban cities in the Northeast and Midwest with a high proportion of black and Hispanic residents. Two additional sites were selected to recruit rural and suburban adolescents. From this larger sample, 181 subjects from three focal ethnic groups (white n ϭ 138; black n ϭ 24; Hispanic n ϭ 19) who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and were current smokers (smoked in the past 30 days) were included. The three ethnic groups were compared on the following variables of interest: peer and family influences on smoking, situational factors associated with smoking, places that were likely sites for smoking and perceptions of friends and family as potential support persons for quitting smoking. All data were analyzed with Chi-square analysis. Results: Almost all (96%) of the black adolescents lived with another smoker compared to 68% of Hispanic and 60% of whites (p ϭ .004). Black teens were more likely to smoke with family members (50%) than Hispanics (5%) or whites (25%) (p ϭ .003). In addition, 50% of black teens compared to 5% of Hispanics and 12% of white teens, reported smoking to fit in (p Ͻ .0001). Black teens in this study emphasized the familial and social pressures of smoking. Higher rates of acceptance of smoking by family members, role modeling by household members, more prevalent beliefs that smoking is a way to achieve belonging, and lack of perceived support for quitting by friends appear to influence cigarette smoking more for black than white or Hispanic youth. Conclusions: These preliminary results indicate that familial and household norms play a critical role in influencing cigarette smoking among black teens.
Cigarette Smoking among Adolescents in Northwest Ohio: Correlates of Prevalence and Age at Onset
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2008
This study examined the prevalence and correlates of smoking initiation among adolescents. We have used data from adolescents (n=5,392) ages 10-18 who participated in the 2003 Tobacco Survey, a representative sample of adolescents in Northwest Ohio. A selfreport of cigarette smoking was obtained using a questionnaire administered in classrooms. Data were analyzed using weighted chi-square and multiple logistic regressions in SAS that accounted for the survey design. The prevalence rates for adolescents that ever tried smoking were 7.4% in elementary (grades 4-5); 17.7% in middle (grades 6-8), and 41.4% in high (grades 9-12) schools, respectively. The highest prevalence rate was among Hispanics. Having a close friend that smoked and a smoker at home correlated significantly with both initiation of smoking and smoking at an earlier age. Smoking was correlated with low academic achievement among adolescents in all grades. Students who reported smoking by parents or siblings were significantly more likely to start smoking at an earlier age, compared to other students living in a non-smoking home environment. Smoking prevention program should include components focused on adolescents' home environment and should start as early as the 4 th grade.
The influence of the social environment on youth smoking status
Preventive Medicine, 2015
Objective-Youth smoking is complex with multilevel influences. While much is known about certain levels of influence on youth smoking, the lack of focus on institutional influences is notable. This study evaluated the effects of ambient smoking attitudes and behaviors in schools on individual youth smoking. Method-Data from the 2012 Florida Youth Tobacco Survey (n=67,460) were analyzed. Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate individual and aggregated school-level factors that were associated with a youth being classified as a "susceptible nonsmoker" (SN) or "current smoker" (CS) relative to a "non-susceptible nonsmoker" (NN). Results-The aggregated percentage of regular smokers at a school, ambient school level positive smoking perceptions, and the standardized difference between individual and school-level positive smoking perceptions were statistically significant in the fully adjusted model. We also found an increased risk of being a SN relative to a NN for Hispanic youth. Moreover, our approach to modeling institutional-level factors raised the pseudo r-squared from 0.05 to 0.14. Conclusion-These findings suggest the importance of ambient smoking attitudes and behaviors on youth smoking. Prevention efforts affecting ambient smoking attitudes may be beneficial.
Factors Associated With Smoking Onset: 3-Year Cohort Study of Schoolchildren
Archivos de Bronconeumología ((English Edition)), 2004
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the predictors of smoking onset among schoolchildren. METHODS: A cohort study of 1056 children starting in first year secondary school at 44 schools in Barcelona was carried out. Participating children were invited to answer a lifestyle questionnaire every year for 4 years. Each questionnaire carried a personal code to allow the 4 questionnaires to be matched. Matching questionnaires were found for 729 children, 70% of the initial sample. RESULTS: Over the study period, the prevalence of regular smokers increased from 1.7% to 22% among boys and from 1.6% to 38.2% among girls. The predictors of smoking onset among boys were scoring high on the pro-smoking attitudes index (odds ratio [OR]=1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.3), intention to smoke in the future (OR=2.2; 95% CI, 1.0-4.9), low self-efficacy in resisting pressures to smoke (OR=0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99), having siblings that smoke (OR=2.5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.4), and spending some free time in bars (OR=2.4; CI, 1.1-4.9). Among girls, the predictors were having low self-esteem (OR=0.94; 95% CI, 0.88-0.99), scoring low on the anti-tobacco attitudes index (OR=0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.97), having siblings who smoke (OR=2.5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.5), spending some free time in discotheques (OR=4.5; 95% CI, 1.9-11.8), and living in high socioeconomic-status neighborhoods (OR=3.1; 95% CI, 1.4-10.9). CONCLUSIONS: The results show the importance of cognitive variables as well as a variety of environmental variables, particularly the pattern of free time use and the influence of sibling models. Prevention programs must take into account smoking onset risk factors as a whole.
International Journal of Education and Research, 2022
Smoking is one of the biggest public health concerns in the world, yet factors influencing smoking amongst adolescents has received little research attention. The purpose of this study was to show the influence of educational cues and environmental modifiers on smoking behavior among adolescents as conceptualized by the Health Belief Model. Use was made of a subset of the secondary data from Wave I National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health, 1994-2008) in the USA. A saturated sample of 6518 participants were included in the study. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Whereas a weak association was found between educational cues and smoking behaviour, findings indicated that there was a strong association between some environmental modifiers and smoking behaviour. In particular, the relationship between learning about smoking in class and smoking behaviour of adolescents was statistically significant (χ 2 =5.906; Cramer V=.05, p=.01). However, the relationship was weak. Parents smoking behaviour was also significantly related to children's smoking behaviour. In particular, the relationship between mothers' and fathers' smoking behaviour were significantly related to their adolescent children's smoking behaviour (χ 2 =1143.9; Cramer V=0.69, p=.00 for mothers and χ 2 =16.39; Cramer V=.10, p=.00 for fathers). However, the study revealed a strong relationship between mothers who smoked and their adolescent child's subsequent choice to smoke, with a Cramer V score of 0.69 (p=.00) with an odds ratio of 10.85 for adolescents who opted to smoke and had mothers who smoked versus those who did not have mothers who smoked. This was significantly higher when compared to an odds ratio of 1.1 for adolescents who opted to smoke and had fathers who smoked. It is concluded that offering educational cues to adolescents about the risks of smoking, and mothers' smoking behaviour in particular, are important factors in modelling adolescents' smoking behaviour. The study further recommends that health intervention designers should be cognizant of the wider social and environmental effects of cues and modifiers in their design as suggested in the HBM, with some modifiers being particularly powerful in determining behaviour than others; affective and physical proximity of modifiers being relevant considerations.