Judo combat: time-motion analysis and physiology (original) (raw)
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The Physiology of Judo-Specific Training Modalities
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2014
Franchini, E, Brito, CJ, Fukuda, DH, and Artioli, GG. The physiology of judo-specific training modalities. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2013-Understanding the physiological response to the most common judo training modalities may help to improve the prescription and monitoring of training programs. This review is based on search results using the following terms: "judo," "judo and training," "judo and physiology," "judo and specific exercises," and "judo and combat practice." Uchi-komi (repetitive technical training) is a specific judo exercise that can be used to improve aerobic and anaerobic fitness. Effort to pause ratio, total session duration, number and duration of individual sets, and the type of technique can be manipulated to emphasize specific components of metabolism. "Nage-komi" (repetitive throwing training) can also be used to improve aerobic and anaerobic fitness, depending on the format of the training session. "Randori" (combat or fight practice; sparring) is the training modality most closely related to actual judo matches. Despite the similarities, the physiological demands of randori practice are not as high as observed during real competitive matches. Heart rate has not shown to be an accurate measure of training intensity during any of the previously mentioned judo training modalities. High-volume, high-intensity training programs often lead judo athletes to experience overtraining-related symptoms, with immunosuppression being one of the most common. In conclusion, judo training and judo-specific exercise should be manipulated to maximize training response and competitive performance.
Acute Effect of A Judo Contest on Muscular Performance Parameters And Physiological Response
Background: It is necessary to know accurately the physical effects of judo contest on athletes in order to quantify how successive judo bouts impair muscular performance parameters and physiological response associated with the aim to create specific training programs that take the demands of judo bout into account. Purpose: The purpose of current study was to characterise the evolution of muscular performance parameters and physiological response during a judo contest. Methods: Twenty-nine men performed five 5-minute bouts with 15 minutes of passive rest. Immediately after the bouts, some muscular performance parameters and physiological variables were measured, in this order: Borg´s rate of perceived exertion (RPE), maximal dynamic strength in upper body (MDS), countermovement jump (CMJ), dominant (DHS) and non-dominant handgrip isometric strength (NDHS). Lactate (LAC) was measured 3 minutes after each bout and 1 minute before the next too). Heart rate (HR) was monitored during the contest. ANOVA to compare baseline test data and successive bouts was used. Results: ANOVA revealed significant differences in HRmean (p=0.045), LAC (p<0.001) and in RPE (p<0.001). A decrease in NDHS (p<0.001), DHS (p<0.001), MDS (p<0.001) was found. Some significant correlations were found between NDHS and DMPV (r=0.368, p=0.050), DMS (r=0.369, p=0.050) and DMXS (r=0.405, p=0.029); between DHS and DLACb (r=0.430, p=0.020), DMXS (r=0.379, p=0.043), DMP (r=0.369, p=0.050) and DRPE (r=0.456, p=0.013); between CMJ and DPM (r=0.381, p=0.041), DPMX (r=0.417, p=0.024), DFM (r=0.423, p=0.022) and DDHS (r=0.348, p=0.040). These results show a high decrease of muscular performance parameters and an increase of physiological parameters, specially between baseline test and postbout 5, but gradual between all bouts. Conclusion: Judo contest can be considered a high intensity exercise, due to high levels of physiological parameters and the decrease in force production obtained.
Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts, 2014
It is known, that an exertion of high intensity leads to fatigue of working muscles and to the deterioration their physical abilities. That phenomenon was especially noted during intensive and continues effort, for instant during Wingate test. At the end of that exertion lasting 30s the value of power output is always lower as compared to that recorded as peak power, reached few second after the start. That relative, percentage of power lost is expressed as fatigue index (FI). The study showed, that peak power and the maximal accumulated O (2) deficit were highly and significantly correlated and ability to maintain power output during a 30-s cycle sprint is related to anaerobic capacity . Furthermore, the lost of ma ximal power is fitted by an exponential curve [2]. Among power athletes mean FI reaches almost 49% with absolute peak power amounting over 1000 Watt, and over 12.0 W/kg after its normalization to body mass . Impairment of maximal power output has been found also in successive repeated "all-out" bouts, when the length of intermissions for rest is too small to reach full state of recovery prior to the next bout. In such cases the performance levels of consecutive exertions become more and more lower, even despite of previously loading by various pharmacological enhancers . Long since it has been evidenced, that rate of post-effort recovery of cellular phosphagens ( PCr, ATP) play a crucial role in a rise of ability to generate again maximal, initial power output, while the depletion of the phosphagens is responsible for temporary impairment of the power. Obviously, there are also the other metabolic and physiological factors contributing to voluntary post-effort state of fatigue and rate of recovery and to the equilibrium between those two processes. These issues are taken into consider, when scheduling interval training session . During intermittent exercises work-to-rest ratio influences 53 Summary Introduction. In a single full-time judo struggle played by a male player lasts 5 minutes of active work, with excluding total time of rest periods, when a referee aborts a struggle. Thus work-to-rest is the factor showing both judging and fighting style. The aim of this study was to confirm hypothesis, that severe muscle fatigue may shifts work-to-rest ratio toward a lower values.
Physiological and Technical-tactical Analysis in Brazilian Jiu-jitsu Competition
Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 2013
Purpose: The present study aims at investigating the physiological response and technical-tactical parameters in Brazilian jiujitsu competition. Methods: The study included 35 male Brazilian jiujitsu athletes (adult category, body mass: 80.2 ± 13.0 kg), graded from white to brown belt, during combats fought at regional level. Twenty-two fights were analyzed in terms of technique and time structure. Blood glucose, lactate and maximal isometric grip strength were determined before and after the fights. The rate of perceived exertion was also assessed after the fight, using the 6-20 Borg rating. The fights were recorded and the following variables were determined: the exertion/pause ratio and subjective intensity of actions, categorized between low and high intensity. Results: The results indicated that during Brazilian jiujitsu fights, the glycolytic pathway is only moderately activated (lactate before: 4.4 (4.0-4.6) mmol/L, after: 10.1 (8.0-11.3) mmol/L; glucose before: 112.4 ± 22.3 mg/dL, after: 130.5 ± 31.0 mg/dL). The exertion during the fight resulted in significant reductions in handgrip strength (right hand grip before: 45.9 ± 10.3 kgf, after: 40.1 ± 9.5 kgf; left hand grip before: 44.2 ± 11.1 kgf, after: 37.0 ± 10.2 kgf). The athletes rated the fight as hard: 15 (13-15). Effort/pause ratio was 6:1, while high-intensity actions lasted approximately 4 s, resulting in a low/high intensity? ratio of 8:1. Conclusions: It is recommended that coaches direct the training loads to simulate the energy demand imposed by the competitive matches, activating moderately the glycolytic pathway. Moreover, the time structure of combats can be used to prescribe both physical and technical-tactical training.
Motriz: Revista de Educação Física
To compare two different randori structure (high volume and short pauses-TRAD training vs low volume with long pauses-COMP training) in the neuromuscular and metabolic responses of elite judo athletes. Methods: The first situation (TRAD) consisted of 12 randoris of 5 minutes with 45 seconds rest, and the other situation (COMP), consisted of 6 randoris of 5 minutes with 10 minutes between them. Physiological (Blood Lactate and Creatine Kinase), neuromuscular (Countermovement Jump and Medicine Ball Throws) and perceptive variables (Rating Perceived Exertion) were measured before and at the end of the sessions. Results: The subjective perception of effort at the end of the training was significantly higher in the TRAD training type (TRADpost: 8.1 ± 0.9 AU; COMPpost: 6.6 ± 1.5 AU, p <0.001). Blood lactate concentration (TRADpost: 6.4 ± 2.2 mmol/L; COMPpost: 8.1 ± 2.9 mmol/L; p <0.001), CMJ height (TRADpost: 36.2 ± 4.6 cm; COMPpost: 35.9 ± 4.3 cm, p = 0.012) and upper limb power performance (TRADpost: 6.4 ± 0.9 m; COMPpost: 6.3 ± 0.9 m p = 0.03) were significantly higher at the end of the two training sessions compared to their start, but there are no group effect. There is group effect in CK (TRADpost: 490.7 ± 273.5 U\L; COMPpost: 357.4 ± 203.8 U\L; p <0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that TRAD and COMP Judo training induced similar physical demands, and both seem to not be enough to reach higher intensities, which made them distant methods of competitive reality.
Physiological Profiles of Elite Judo Athletes
Sports Medicine, 2011
To be successful in international competitions, judo athletes must achieve an excellent level of physical fitness and physical condition during training. This article reviews the physiological profiles of elite judo athletes from different sex, age and weight categories. Body fat is generally low for these athletes, except for the heavyweight competitors. In general, elite judo athletes presented higher upper body anaerobic power and capacity than nonelite athletes. Lower body dynamic strength seems to provide a distinction between elite and recreational judo players, but not high-level judo players competing for a spot on national teams. Even maximal isometric strength is not a discriminant variable among judo players. However, more studies focusing on isometric strength endurance are warranted. Although aerobic power and capacity are considered relevant to judo performance, the available data do not present differences among judo athletes from different competitive levels. Typical maximal oxygen uptake values are around 50-55 mL/kg/min for male and 40-45 mL/kg/min for female judo athletes. As for other variables, heavyweight competitors presented lower aerobic power values. The typical differences commonly observed between males
Physiological Responses During Female Judo Combats
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2019
Physiological responses during female judo combats: impact of combat area size and effort to pause ratio variations. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-This study investigated the effect of area size (4 3 4, 6 3 6, and 8 3 8 m) and effort-pause ratio (free combat, 2:1 and 3:1) on the physiological and perceptive responses during female judo combats. Twelve female judo athletes (mean 6 SD: age: 17.1 6 0.4 years; height: 160 6 7 cm; body mass: 59.8 6 11.5 kg; body fat: 25.7 6 5.5%; and judo experience: 8.4 6 0.5 years) volunteered to perform nine 4-minute randoris randomly determined. Blood lactate [La] before and after combats, heart rate before combat (HRpre), mean HR (HRmean), peak HR (HRpeak), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) immediately after the combats were assessed for each condition. Results showed that [La] pre and HR values did not differ according to time structure and area sizes (p. 0.05). However, [La] post was higher on free randori compared with 3:1 ratio (p 5 0.006) and in the 4 3 4-m area compared with 6 3 6-m (p , 0.001) and 8 3 8-m (p 5 0.036) areas. Moreover, RPE was higher in the 4 3 4 m compared with 8 3 8 m (p 5 0.038). In conclusion, combining time structure and area sizes may alter physiological and perceptual responses during female judo randori. Moreover, combat-based exercises may be effective in preparing athletes to cope with physiological and technical demands of the combat by stressing properly the energy systems solicited during official competitions.
Blood lactate and rate of perceived exertion in Brazilian jiu-jitsu and Submission combats
Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts, 2014
Nowadays, the combat sports have gained great popularity in society. Among the modalities that have been highlighted given the Brazilian jiujitsu , modality which aims to dominate the opponent and takes him to withdraw from the joint use of chokes and joint keys. When not occur submission the combat is decided by points coming from specific techniques (take down, sweep, passing the guard, knee on the belly, mount and back control) [1]. Brazilian jiujitsu is originally practiced with the use of gi. However, there are many competitions that are played without the use of gi. Recently the International Federation of Brazilian jiujitsu implemented Brazilian jiujitsu no-gi competitions [1]. In addition, prior to World Brazilian jiujitsu no-gi be created existed competitions of no-gi (known as submission) who kept the rules of Brazilian jiujitsu or adopted some changes, like the case of the biggest event of clawed fights of the world, the Abu Dahbi Combat Club, event founded by Arab sheiks. Thus, it is common for athletes Brazilian jiujitsu compete and be successful in both competitions, with and without the use of gi. However, it is unclear whether there are physiological differences between the two styles. In the Brazilian jiujitsu can be stated that the combats promote moderate activation of the glycolytic pathway, given the concentrations of blood lactate [Lac] observed in simulated combat and [2-4] and in real competitions [5,6]. Furthermore, Brazilian jiujitsu athletes rated the fights as "somewhat hard" on simulations of 10 minutes [3] and as "light or somewhat hard" on real competition [5]. However, as yet there are no informations about the physiological and perceptual responses in Submission combats. The lack of knowledge results in an empirical character of the specific training prescription and planning. Thereby, it is common that data obtained in similar modalities (judo and Olympic wresting) are used by coaches [7]. However, it is necessary that studies be conducted directly with the Brazilian jiujitsu and Submission, because there are differences in the dynamics of the fights which can generate peculiarities, as time structure of a Brazilian jiujitsu fight (117 s of fighting for 33 s recovery) [5] that is different from Judo and Wrestling, considering that in Judo, the time structure of fights is 30 ± 33 s of fighting for a 12 ± 4 s pause [8] while in Wrestling it is 37 ± 10 s of fighting for a 14 ± 6 s pause [9]. Considering the previous information, this study aimed to determine whether there differences in [Lac] and rate of per-7