Studies on the influence of mycorrhiza on the growth and physiology of Vigna unguiculata and Abelmoschus esculentus (original) (raw)
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Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Nutrient Status of Vigna unguiculata (L
Advances in Zoology and Botany, 2020
Since last three decades, the increased use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture undoubtedly increased the food grain production and helped the country in achieving self-sufficiency in food grains. However, it also produced many harmful effects like water supply contaminations, shortage of quality of agricultural products and decrease in the amount of soil fertility. The study was performed to evaluate whether Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) improved Growth and Nutrient status in some important annual leguminous crops using Cow pea (Vigna unguiculate L) as a study material. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important soil organisms belonging to phylum Glomeromycota and form symbiotic association with the roots of 70-90 % plant species. A pot experiment was conducted at Botanical Garden, School of Studies in Botany Jiwaji University Gwalior during the year 2019 to study the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi viz Glomus hoi and Acaulospora kentinensis on seed germination, growth and biochemical contents of cow pea Vigna unguiculata L. The Plants were raised in triplicates through the pot culture. The seeds were surface sterilized by hypochlorite solution before sowing. Pots were placed at a sunny place after the seed sowing. And after the seed germination, plants were irrigated when required. After germination the inoculated plants along with their controls was sampled. The results showed that Glomus hoi and Acaulospora kentinensis significantly increased growth parameters like root and shoot length, total leaf area, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots in Vigna unguiculata L. Inoculation of Glomus hoi and Acaulospora kentinensis significantly increases the biochemical constituents like chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, protein, carbohydrate, reducing sugar, non reducing sugar and total phenol. The present study pertains that AMF colonization improved positively the overall growth and development of cow Pea plant.
Plant Science Today
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are well known symbiotic microorganism found to improve the growth of host plant by mobilizing immobile nutrients, mainly phosphorus, from the soil. However, the effect of AM fungi on host plant growth depends on the percentage mycorrhizal colonization, whereas it is not clear that the percent mycorrhization impacts by AM fungal spore abundance of the inoculum. Therefore, the current investigation was conducted to know the effect of percent mycorrhization of Glomus intraradices on the growth of blackgram inoculated with varied numbers of AM fungal spores via seed biotization (1 to 10 AM fungal spores per seed). Percent mycorrhizal colonization and plant growth characteristics of blackgram were recorded after 10, 20 and 30 days of sowing (DOS). Our results are revealed that the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization significantly influenced based on the availability of AM fungal spore richness of the biotized seeds, which leads to altered crop growth...
Mycorrhiza: An Alliance for the Nutrient Management in Plants
2017
Mycorrhizal fungi are a wide ranging group of heterogeneous fungal taxa found to be allied with the roots of over 90% of all plant species. Among several types of mycorrhizal associations, two types are of high ecological and economic importance, i.e. arbuscular and ectotrophic mycorrhizal interactions. We have given a brief account on habitat, host specificity, and structural components of these mycorrhizal groups. An elaborated discussion on mineral absorption, different absorption pathways and the mechanisms involved has been presented in this chapter. Besides improving plant uptake of mineral nutrients already present in soil, many mycorrhizal fungi play a significant role in mobilizing nutrients either from organic substrate, mineral particles or rock surface. Mycorrhizal fungi take on several mechanisms to accomplish the function successfully, such as enhanced absorbing area of plant roots, release of biochemicals and consortium with other microorganisms. In addition to mobili...
Mobilization of Micronutrients by Mycorrhizal Fungi
Mycorrhiza - Function, Diversity, State of the Art, 2017
To determine effect of infected roots of seedless white currant grape with three species of Mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus fasiculatu, intraradices Glomus, and Glomus mosseae) and macro and micronutrients in leaves and roots under the water stress conditions, this factorial experiment in the randomized complete block design with four treatments. The results indicated that increase in drought stress led to reduction in the factors including shoot growth, number of leaves, leaf level, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi had a positive effect on the above-mentioned traits compared with control group; in this case, the highest positive effect was on the root phosphorus uptake, root dry weights and root zinc uptake among the fungal treatment traits. Intraradices Glomus fungi had the highest positive effect on the interaction between the fungi and water stress for copper in the root and the least amount of manganese. There was not any different treatment between irrigation levels of 25% and 50% under the water stress conditions.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in plant nutrition and health
Plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have co-evolved over a period of at least 450 million years. This fungal-plant association involves the transfer of carbon to the obligate biotropic fungus, in return for a wide range of beneficial functions. Although this is usually a mutualistic relationship, it can become parasitic to the plant under adverse conditions. Here, the research examining mechanisms by which mycorrhizal associations improve plant fitness is reviewed. Although there is strong evidence that a number of beneficial functions are performed by mycorrhizae, the mechanisms behind these are often not clear. There are numerous factors which influence these mechanisms and their outcomes, one or more of which can be affecting the association simultaneously. The knowledge we have on arbusular mycorrhizal associations with plants could be applied to various land management practices in order to improve soil degradation brought about by anthropogenic activities. These include erosion, drought, nutrient stress and salinization, and are often a result of poor land management. In order to use mycorrhizal fungi as a biomanagement tool, more research is required, particularly in mature field communities over long timescales. There is a need to invest in the development of sustainable agroecological management methods and to design future policy and legislation that encourages large organisations to incorporate more sustainable practices whilst protecting small-scale farmers.
Contribution of mycorrhizae to sustainable and ecological agriculture: a review
International Agrophysics
The aim of the paper is to discuss, on the basis of the recent scientific literature, the potential of mycorrhizae as an important biological factor supporting crop production. Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a multifunctional phenomenon, therefore it should play an important role in sustainable and organic agriculture, but it is still underused. The article focuses on the influence of mycorrhizae on nutrient uptake by plants, as well as exploring the importance of mycorrhizal fungi in promoting plant growth and improving yield quality. Mycorrhizal fungi are factors which limit plant stresses, thereby indirectly contributing to a reduction in the consumption of agrochemicals. The results of many studies show that mycorrhizal symbiosis plays an important role in essential ecosystem processes by regulating the microbiological relationships in the soil, thereby creating a permanent soil structure and protecting it from air and water erosion. The detailed functioning and regulation of these mycorrhizosphere processes and their significance for plants are widely described in the scientific literature, however, the use of mycorrhizae in agriculture is still insufficient. Particular attention should be paid to the potential benefits of mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture, as well as for ecological and safe plant production. K e y w o r d s: sustainable agriculture, mycorrhiza, ecology plant diseases, plant toxicity
International Journal of Bioassays, 2014
Green house pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal(AM) Fungi ( Funneliformis mosseae ) along with the dual inoculation of AM fungi ( Funneliformis mosseae ) with Rhizobium, Phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) and a triple inoculation of AM Fungi (Funneliformis mosseae) , Rhizobium , and PSB in Vigna unguiculata (L) Verdc. Growth parameters such as plant height, dry weight of root and shoot, spore number, per cent root colonization, number of nodules was recorded and P and N uptake were estimated at the intervals of 15, 30 and 45 days. Results revealed that inoculation of AM Fungi ( Funneliformis mosseae ) + Rhizobium + PSB showed an increase in all the growth parameters when compared with dual inoculation. The combined inoculation of bacteria and AM fungi evidence provide that these two organisms are synergistically involved in the beneficial effects of Vigna unguiculata (L) Verdc.
Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi belong to phylum Glomeromycota, which are main component of the soil microbiota in most agroecosystems and form symbiotic association with most of the plants. By forming an extended, intricate hyphal network, AM fungi can efficiently absorb mineral nutrients from the soil and deliver them to their host plants in exchange for carbohydrates. They facilitate nutrient uptake, particularly with respect to immobile nutrients, such as phosphorus and enhance tolerance to drought, disease resistance, building up a macroporous structure of soil that allows penetration of water and air and prevents erosion, enhance photosynthesis and reduce stresses during micropropagation. Thus the present review focuses on nutritional and non-nutritional benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems.