Reliability and validity of angular measures through the software for postural assessment. Postural Assessment Software (original) (raw)
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Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, 2019
The postural evaluation software (SAPO) has been used as a valuable tool for the analysis of postural alterations, however, such a tool depends on palpation performed by the evaluator. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inter-and intra-examiner reliability of experienced and inexperienced examiners in measurements derived from the palpation method, and its possible influence on measurements obtained by SAPO. Nine evaluators participated in the study, which were divided into three groups according to experience with respect to palpation (GI: inexperienced group, GSE: semi-experienced group and GE: experienced group). Each evaluator performed the postural analysis of 10 volunteers, which were photographed in orthostatic position, following the SAPO recommendations. The intra-examiner reliability analysis indicated that all three groups had higher, good and moderate mean correlation values for each examiner than low correlations. In the inter-examiner reliability assessment, GE and GSE groups exhibited higher correlation values. The intra-class correlation coefficient, in the single-measure analysis, presented correlation coefficients <0.70 in 9 of the variables analyzed, indicating non-significant correlation. It was concluded that the measures analyzed by SAPO have high intra-examiner reliability. However, regarding inter-examiner reliability, the group composed of inexperienced evaluators presented lower values, suggesting that the experience time may have influenced the inter-examiner reliability regarding postural evaluation. Resumo-O Software de avaliação postural (SAPO) vem sendo utilizado como uma ferra-menta valiosa para a análise das alterações posturais, porém tal ferramenta depende da palpação realizada pelo examinador. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a fidedignidade inter e intraexaminadores experientes e inexperientes nas medidas derivadas do método de palpação, e sua possível influência sobre as medidas obtidas pelo SAPO. Participaram do estudo nove avaliadores, divididos em três grupos de acordo com a experiência com relação a palpação (GI: grupo inexperiente, GSE: grupo semi experiente e GE: grupo experiente). Cada avaliador re-alizou a análise postural de 10 voluntários, os quais foram fotografados em posição ortostática, seguindo as recomendações do SAPO. A análise da fidedignidade intraexaminadores indicou que os três grupos apresentaram valores de correlação em média mais altos, bons e moderados, do que correlações baixas. Na avaliação da fidedignidade interexaminadores os grupos GE e GSE exibiram valores de correlação mais altos. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse, na análise de medida única, apresentou índices de correlação <0,70 em 9 das variáveis analisadas, indicando correlação não considerável. Concluiu-se que as medidas analisadas pelo SAPO possuem uma alta fidedignidade intraexaminadores. No entanto, em relação a fidedignidade interexaminadores o grupo composto por examinadores inexperientes com relação a palpação apresentou valores mais baixos, sugerindo que o tempo de experiência dos examinadores pode ter influenciado na fidedignidade interexaminadores da avaliação postural.
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 2012
3371; No. of Pages 10 c o m p u t e r m e t h o d s a n d p r o g r a m s i n b i o m e d i c i n e x x x ( 2 0 1 2 ) xxx-xxx a b s t r a c t Objective: To investigate (1) the accuracy of the palpatory method to identify anatomical points by comparison with the X-ray exams, (2) the validity of classifying spinal posture in the frontal plane using Digital Image-Based Postural Assessment (DIPA) software by comparison with the X-ray exams and (3) the intra and inter-evaluator reproducibility of the DIPA software. Materials and methods: The postural assessment and X-ray examination of the spine, both in the frontal plane and standing position, were performed consecutively in 24 subjects. The postural assessment protocol consisted of: (1) palpation and the use of reflective markers containing lead to mark the spinous processes (SP) of the C7, T2, T4, T6, T8, T10, T12, L2, L4 and S2 vertebrae and; (2) acquisition of photographic records. First, the X-ray examinations were used to check the correlation between the palpated and marked SP and the true location of the SP of the vertebra in question, by assessing the distance between them. The spinal posture was classified based on the calculation of the scoliosis arrows in the DIPA (DIPA-SA). The X-ray examinations provided the scoliosis arrows (X-SA), the Cobb angles and the classification of spinal posture based on the Cobb angle. The results from the DIPA protocol were compared to those from the X-ray examination-based protocol. The statistical tests used were: (1) Kruskal-Wallis -differences in terms of the numerical distance between the markers and the anatomical landmarks, (2) Pearson's Correlation -DIPA-SA and Cobb angles, (3) Pearson's Correlation -X-SA and DIPA-SA; (4) Bland and Altman's graphic representation -X-SA and DIPA-SA, (5) Spearman's Correlation -classification of spinal posture obtained using the X-ray and DIPA protocols, (6) the intraclass correlation test (ICC) for the relationship between the DIPA-SA made by each evaluator (inter-evaluator), and independent t-test to compare the data from the two evaluation days (intra-evaluator), ˛ = 0.05.
Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance
The postural evaluation software (SAPO) has been used as a valuable tool for the analysis of postural alterations, however, such a tool depends on palpation performed by the evaluator. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inter- and intra-examiner reliability of experienced and inexperienced examiners in measurements derived from the palpation method, and its possible influence on measurements obtained by SAPO. Nine evaluators participated in the study, which were divided into three groups according to experience with respect to palpation (GI: inexperienced group, GSE: semi-experienced group and GE: experienced group). Each evaluator performed the postural analysis of 10 volunteers, which were photographed in orthostatic position, following the SAPO recommendations. The intra-examiner reliability analysis indicated that all three groups had higher, good and moderate mean correlation values for each examiner than low correlations. In the inter-examiner reliability assessm...
Digital Versus Classic Goniometry in Shoulder Motion Evaluation: An Agreement Pilot Study
2017
Purpose: Shoulder range of motion measurement is not only of diagnostic significance but is also relevant for monitoring response to therapeutic interventions. Smartphones incorporate accelerometers which enable easy multiaxial and multiangle measurements but their reliability compared to the classic goniometer remains to be established. The authors aim to ascertain the intra-rater reliability between manual and smartphone-based digital goniometry in measuring active flexion (AF) and external rotation (ER) in both standing (St) and supine (Su) positions. Methods : A convenience sample of 16 healthy volunteers was selected. Measures were taken by an independent rater at two different times, a week apart. We randomized both participant’s order and measurement sequence. The rater was trained according to a predetermined measurement protocol and blinded to intermediate measurements. We evaluated agreement between methods using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), visual inspect...
Biophotogrammetry: reliability of measurements obtained with a posture assessment software (SAPO)
Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, 2011
Photogrammetry is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and measurement of postural changes, but the lack of standardization of anatomical references and angular measures impairs the comparison between studies and compromises the reliability of the results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inter-and intraexaminer reliability of angular measures proposed by the SAPO posture assessment software (v. 0.68). Twenty-four subjects were photographed in the standing position according to the recommendations of the SAPO software. Three examiners (A, B and C) experienced in the use of the software analyzed the images and repeated the analysis after 7 days. Variance, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and t-test adopting a level of significance of 5% were applied. With respect to interexaminer reliability among the 20 angles measured, two were classified as unacceptable (A13: ICC = 0.623; A14: ICC = 0.568), one as acceptable (A19: ICC = 0.743), one as very good (A20: ICC = 0.860), and 16 as excellent (ICC ≥ 0.90). Evaluation of repeatability of the method by the same examiner showed that two angles measured by examiner A differed significantly between the two measurements (A11: p = 0.015; A12: p = 0.026), as did two angles measured by examiner B (A2: p = 0.019; A12: p = 0.015) and one angle measured by examiner C (A16, p = 0.011). In conclusion, comparison between different examiners showed that the angles proposed by the SAPO protocol are reliable for the measurement of body segments.
Inter-Rater and Intra-Rater Reliabiliy of Postural Analysis Software (Matlab 7.11 R2010B)
International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research, 2020
Introduction:Posture analysis software Matlab 7.11 R2010b is commonly used as a tool for postural assessment. It is easy to use. Nonetheless, reliability studies are lacking. Methods: The study sample consisted of 25 pictures from 25 subjects, and each subject was assessed (1 day interval) by 3 blinded raters and by 1 blind rater for 3 times. Photographs of subject were coded and two variables (Lumbar lordosis and Pelvic tilt) were analyzed. Inter-and intra-rater reliabilities were calculated using intra-class correlation coefficient. Results: The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. We found excellent inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability of Posture analysis software Matlab7.11 R2010b for both variables. Discussion: Observation posture analysis is easy but it is less reliable method. It cannot be used to measure progression of posture corrections and for research purpose. Photography method is most reliable method to evaluate posture. There are many softwares available for analysis of posture and Matlab 7.11 R2010b is one of them. In this study we found excellent inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability of the software. Conclusion:The postural assessment software Matlab 7.11 R2010b is having excellent inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability and should be considered as a reliable tool for postural assessment.
Journal of Orthopedic Research and Therapy, 2020
Background: Range of Motion (ROM) assessments of the lower extremity are an important measurement tool for assessing an individual's joint health and affects their ability to complete activities of daily living. Lower extremity ROM has been identified as a useful predictor for lower limb injuries in both the general population and sporting professionals. The advent of novel ROM assessment technology, such as the HALO © (model HG1, HALO © Medical Devices, Australia) Digital Goniometer (HDG), presents an avenue for research and potential application within clinical and surgical settings. The aim of the present study was to validate the HDG in terms of its validity, intra-and inter-rater reliability, for ROM assessment of the lower limb. Methods: The Universal Goniometer (UG) and the HDG were used as the acquisition system. The methodology for lower limb ROM assessment was carried out per the American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) guidelines. One hundred healthy subjects were recruited for the study and were split into two groups to be assessed by either physiotherapists or medical students. Results: There were high levels of agreement between the two devices with most motions having a mean difference < 2 o. Intrarater reliability was modest for all ranges of motion using the UG and for the HDG, with values between 0.368 and 0.663. In the physiotherapist cohort, inter-rater reliability was highest for hip flexion for both the UG and the HDG, with modest reliability at ICC values of 0.709 and 0.711, respectively. Reliability was poorest for ankle dorsiflexion for both devices, with ICCs of 0.409 and 0.436. In the medical student cohort, inter-rater reliability for all ROM was modest or good for the UG, ranging from 0.410 to 0.865 except for ankle dorsiflexion, which was poor with an ICC of 0.330. Inter-rater reliability was either modest or good for the HDG, with values between 0.468 and 0.889. Conclusions: The present validation study identified the HALO Digital Goniometer as a valid and reliable substitute for the universal goniometer, with moderate to high inter-rater agreement and consistency, along with moderate intra-rater reliability.
Geriatrics Gerontology and Aging
Objective: To evaluate intra- and inter-rater reliability, standard error of the measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the angles obtained with a Postural Assessment Software (SAPO) in older people. Methods: Postural evaluation of 32 older adults was performed using Postural Assessment Software (SAPO). Two raters performed the procedure independently, and one of the raters repeated the process 7 to 10 days later. Reliability was assessed through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and paired and independent t-tests. SEM and MDC95 values were calculated, and Bland-Altman plots were generated. Results: The inter-rater analysis showed that the raters were not different in any of the angles. Most angles achieved good to excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.34 – 0.81) and intrarater reliability (ICC = 0.33 – 0.88) and were not different between days. The SEM was lower than 10º in most angles. The MDC95 ranged from 2.88º to 18.49º. Bland-Altman analysis ...