Temperament and character profiles in bipolar I, bipolar II and major depressive disorder: Impact over illness course, comorbidity pattern and psychopathological features of depression (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2011
Although some core personality variables are known to be characteristic of unipolar or bipolar depression, few studies have compared the personality profile between these two disorders.Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was employed to assess the personality of 36 depressed patients with bipolar II disorder (BPII), 90 patients with unipolar major depressive disorder (UP), and 306 healthy controls. The TCI was administered during the depressive episode in BPII and UP patients so that the results can be applied in a clinical setting.Significantly higher scores in harm avoidance (p < 0.0001) and lower scores in self-directedness (p < 0.0001) and cooperativeness (p < 0.05) were observed in both BPII and UP patients compared to controls. Lower novelty seeking in UP patients compared to BPII patients and controls was observed in females (p < 0.0001, p < 0.01, respectively). A significant difference in self-transcendence score was observed between BPII and UP patients in females (p < 0.0005), with higher scores in BPII (p = 0.009) and lower scores in UP (p = 0.046) patients compared to controls. A logistic regression model predicted BPII in depressed females based on novelty seeking and self-transcendence scores with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 73%, but did not accurately predict BPII in males.Patients in our study were limited to those receiving outpatient treatments, and bipolar patients were limited to those with BPII.Novelty seeking and self-transcendence scores of TCI might be useful in the differentiation of UP and BPII in female patients.
Comparison of Temperament and Character in Major Depressive Disorder Versus Bipolar II Disorder
Objective: The aim was to determine how personality of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients is different from that of bipolar II disorder (BIID) patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, two groups of patients with MDD (47 patients) and BIID (45 patients) between 18 and 55 years old were included and compared. The research instrument that subjects answered to was Temperament and Characteristic Inventory-125-R. Results: Among temperament dimensions, novelty seeking, and reward-dependently in contrast with other traits such as harm avoidance and persistence showed a significant difference between the two studied groups. Among characteristic dimensions, self-direction and self-transcendence demonstrated a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Patients suffering from BIID are sensation seeker and are motivated by stimulates more often than MDD patients are. They feel euphoria more and, find the world more stimulating. Declaration of interest: None. Citation: Bensaeed S, Ghanbari Jolfaei A, Jomehri F, Moradi A. Comparison of temperament and character in major depressive disorder versus bipolar II disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci 2014; 8(3): 28-32.
Iranian journal of psychiatry, 2017
Objective: This study was conducted to compare the profile of temperament and character dimensions in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar mood disorder with a control group. Method: In this causal-comparative study, the population consisted of 2 clinical groups (major depressive disorder and bipolar mood disorder) and a non-clinical group. The sample was 193 individuals (77 patients with major depressive disorder, 86 patients with bipolar mood disorder, and 30 controls), with an age range of 18 to 65 years and the mean age of 40.1. They were selected from Roozbeh psychiatric hospital using available sampling method. Tools used in this research included Temperament and Character Inventory-140 and General Health Questionnaire-28. Collected data were analyzed by independent t test and one-way analysis of variance using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences-22 software. Results: The results revealed a significant difference among groups in dimensions of novelty see...
Temperament and character dimensions in bipolar I disorder: A comparison to healthy controls
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2008
This study examined whether comorbid personality disorders and other clinical factors were predictive of functional morbidity in bipolar I disorder. Fifty-one participants with a diagnosis of bipolar I were assessed for personality disorders and administered measures of symptomatic and functional outcomes approximately 1 year after a psychiatric hospitalization. Forty-five percent of the sample met criteria for at least one personality disorder, and patients with a personality disorder reported higher levels of residual symptoms at the time of assessment. Two thirds of participants displayed compromised functional outcomes. The three outcome domains examined (i.e., occupational, residential, social/leisure) were related to a range of clinical characteristics, and for all three, either the presence of a personality disorder diagnosis or maladaptive trait scores was associated with impaired functioning. These relationships, however, were not independent of mood symptoms according to multivariate analysis. Residual depression predicted poorer residential and social/leisure outcomes independent of personality disorders or maladaptive traits.
[Temperament and character personality dimensions in patients with bipolar I disorder]
Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry
Objectives: To compare Cloninger's dimensions of temperament and character in patients with bipolar I disorder (BP-I) and healthy controls from the general population. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study included 96 BP-I patients (according to DSM-IV-TR criteria) that were admitted to a psychiatric hospital in Iran due to an acute episode of mania or depression, or a mixed episode during 2011. Following stabilization of the acute phase, the patients completed the 125-item Temperament and Character Inventory-Persian Version of (TCI-125-PV). The scale's 7 dimensions of temperament and character were compared between the bipolar group and 1212 healthy controls via independent samples t-test. Moreover, the correlation between temperament and character scores, and age, duration of disorder, and mood variables (depression and mania scores) were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The bipolar patients had significantly higher harm avoidance (P = 0.001), and lower reward dependency (P = 0.001), persistence (P = 0.044), cooperativeness (P = 0.001), self-directedness (P = 0.001), and self-transcendence (P = 0.004) scores than the controls. Female patienta had lower reward dependency (P = 0.001), self-directedness (P = 0.001), and cooperativeness (P = 0.001) scores than male patients In addition, TCI-125-PV scores were not strongly correlated with depression or mania scores, duration of disorder, or marital status. Conclusion: The personality profiles of the BP-I patients differed from those of the controls. Lower self-directedness and cooperativeness scores in the bipolar group appeared to be associated with more immature personality traits.
Temperament and character influence on depression treatment outcome
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2019
Background: personality features have been repeatedly associated with depression treatment outcome in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), however conclusive results are still lacking. Moreover, as for Bipolar Disorder (BD), results are only few and preliminary. Aim: the aim of the present study was to perform an exploratory investigation of the influence of personality traits as assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), on principal depression treatment outcomes (non remission, non response and resistance). Methods: 743 mood disorders patients (455 MDD (61.24%) and 288 BD (38.76%)) were recruited in the context of 6 European studies. Generalized logit models were performed to test the effects of TCI dimensions on treatment outcomes, considering possible confounders such as age, gender and education. Positive results were controlled for comorbidities (anxiety and substance use disorders) as well. Results: MDD Non-Remitters showed high Harm Avoidance (HA) and Self Transcendence (ST) (p=0.0004, d=0.40; p=0.007, d=0.36 respectively) and low Persistence (P) and Self Directedness (SD) (p=0.05; d=0.18; p=0.002, d=0.40, respectively); MDD Non-Responders showed a slightly different profile with high HA and low Reward Dependence (RD) and SD; finally, MDD Resistants showed low RD, P and Cooperativeness (C). In BD patients, only higher HA in non response was observed. Limitations: the retrospective cross-sectional design, the TCI assessment regardless of the mood state and the small number of bipolar patients represent the main limitations. Conclusion: specific TCI personality traits are associated with depression treatment outcome in MDD patients. The inclusion of such personality traits, together with other socio-demographic and clinical predictors, could ameliorate the accuracy of the prediction models available to date.
Psychiatria Danubina, 2017
Suicide and mood disorders (especially major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar affective disorder (BD)) represent a significant global health burden. Major depressive disorder and bipolar affective disorder have been associated with increased risk for suicide. Some specific suicide risk factors might be found in underlying individual personality traits. Specific personality features may predispose an individual to mood disorders (MDD or BD) hence increased suicide risk. The specificity of this research is in the assessment of personality features during the acute phase of illness immediately after suicide attempt which resulted in psychiatric inpatient treatment. The study included 119 unrelated Caucasian participants with MDD-severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms (MDD) and BD-severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms (BD-sDE). Both groups of patients with MDD and BD-sDE were divided into the suicide attempters and non-suicidal group. The diagnoses of t...
Measures of temperament and character are differentially impacted on by depression severity
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2010
Background: Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a widely used measure of personality. Two scales of the TCI, harm avoidance (HA) and self directedness (SD), have been shown to be influenced by depressed mood. We examined how the seven TCI scales and their subscales are correlated with depression severity before and after treatment. We also examined whether changes in personality measures could be attributed to changes in depression severity. Methods: Two clinical samples of depressed outpatients were recruited for trials to examine predictors of treatment response to antidepressants (N = 195) and psychotherapies (N = 177). Assessment included the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scales (MADRS), Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) and TCI at baseline and after treatment. Results: After treatment, in both samples, depression severity correlated significantly with HA and negatively with SD. Multiple regression analysis revealed that changes in SD and HA over treatment were related to improvement in depression. In the psychotherapy trial baseline MADRS scores correlated with low SD and high HA. Limitations: The trial results are applicable to mild-moderately depressed outpatients. Conclusions: Depression severity influences the total scales and most of the subscale measures of HA and SD. Some personality traits, as measured by the TCI, were not impacted upon by mood. Clinically mood should be taken into account when assessing personality measures of negative affect using the TCI.