Bilosomes Based Drug Delivery System (original) (raw)
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Journal of Functional Biomaterials
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) environment has an intricate and complex nature, limiting drugs’ stability, oral bioavailability, and adsorption. Additionally, due to the drugs’ toxicity and side effects, renders are continuously seeking novel delivery systems. Lipid-based drug delivery vesicles have shown various loading capacities and high stability levels within the GIT. Indeed, most vesicular platforms fail to efficiently deliver drugs toward this route. Notably, the stability of vesicular constructs is different based on the different ingredients added. A low GIT stability of liposomes and niosomes and a low loading capacity of exosomes in drug delivery have been described in the literature. Bilosomes are nonionic, amphiphilic, flexible surfactant vehicles that contain bile salts for the improvement of drug and vaccine delivery. The bilosomes’ stability and plasticity in the GIT facilitate the efficient carriage of drugs (such as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and antifungal dr...
BILOSOMES: A NOVEL VESICULAR CARRIER FOR DRUG DELIVERY -A REVIEW
Vesicular drug delivery systems are promising agents with diverse applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals and cosmetics. Bilosomes are bilayered vesicles of non-ionic surfactants and bile salts which are similar to niosomes. Bile salts are endogenous surfactants which act as a double-edged sword by increasing the aqueous solubility and permeability of active pharmaceutical ingredient. These vesicular structures increase the solubility of lipophilic drugs and increase the stability of the formulation in the gastrointestinal tract. Bilosomes are ultradeformable flexible structures which increases the stratum corneum permeability. Thus these have applications in both oral and transdermal drug delivery. These vesicles are utilised for topical drug delivery like ocular and intranasal drug delivery. In addition, bile salt integrated nanomedicines like probilosomes, surface engineered bilosomes and non-oral bilosomes have been surveyed. Tremendous research in the last decade has made bilosomes a potential carrier system. The extensive search has been presented related to the formulation and characterisation of bilosomes. Bilosomal systems have profound application in biological therapeutics and vaccine delivery. This review offers a comprehensive and informative data focusing on the great potential of bile acid and their salts for therapeutic application. In conclusion, bilosomes are superior to other conventional vesicular carriers (liposome and niosome) with regards to the stability, low toxicity and bioavailability.
A REVIEW ON BILOSOMES: ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine (IJPSM), 2023
Bilosomes are bilayer vesicles that transport lipids incorporating non-ionic surfactants and bile salts. The current review was based on the properties, materials used in the preparation, various methods of formulation, characterization parameters and various pharmaceutical and clinical applications. They are spherical, uni-lamellar, and 5-200 nm-sized and vesicles with many membranes. Under normal conditions, bile acids exist as ionised bile salts after being synthesised in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. They have a steroid nucleus that is both hydrophilic. Materials used in bilosomes comprise of lipids, non-ionic surfactants and bile salts. Bilosomes are prepared by various methods including Reverse phase evaporation, Thin Film Hydration and Hot Homogenization. Bilosomes are characterized in terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, ultracentrifugation, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug release and stability. Bilosomes have wide range of applications i.e., oral drug candidates, improved hypoglycaemic activity, oral immunization against tetanus, in ocular and transdermal drug delivery. For immunologists, the formulation of a reliable oral delivery mechanism for mucosal vaccines presents a considerable problem. In this regard, bilosomes and other lipid-based delivery methods have been investigated and developed for oral immunisation. Due to the tremendous potential of bilosomes, which include biocompatibility, stability, and specificity as carriers for targeted administration in immunisation. Currently, it is crucial for clinical researchers to use their knowledge of bilosomes for safe and effective trials in human patients and to identify the precise immunological mechanism triggered by bilosome oral administration.
With the advent of novel vesicular drug delivery systems especially bilosomes, for large molecular weight proteins and peptides, their oral administration seems a viable approach. These nano-vesicles have shown promising results for the effective delivery of insulin and other therapeutics, perhaps due to their structural composition. The present review has elaborated the biopharmaceutical challenges for the oral delivery of therapeutic proteins and peptides as well as presented a novel approach to deliver the essential macromolecules through oral route as bilosomes. The extensive search has been presented related to the formulation, evaluation and in vivo performance of bilosomes. Some of the crucial findings related to bilosomes have corroborated them superior to other colloidal carriers. The successful drug delivery through bilosomes requires significant justifications related to their interaction with the biological membranes. The other aspects such as absolute absorption, safety and toxicity of bilosome drug delivery should also be equally considered.
Bilosome: A Bile Salt Based Novel Carrier System Gaining Interest in Pharmaceutical Research
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2017
The human body has long provided pharmaceutical science with biomaterials of interesting applications. Bile salts (BSs) are biomaterials reminiscent of traditional surfactants with peculiar structure and self-assembled topologies. Most of the new drugs, biological therapeutics (proteins/peptides) and vaccines have poor performance after oral administration due to poor solubility or degradation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Though, vesicular carriers exemplified by liposomes or niosomes can protect the entrapped agent to a certain extent from degradation. Nevertheless, the harsh GIT environment i.e, low pH, the presence of bile salts and enzymes limits their capabilities by destabilizing them. In response to that, more resistant bile salts-containing vesicles (BSvesicles) were developed by the inclusion of bile salts into lipid bilayers constructs. Tremendous research in the last decade has made bilosomesa potential carrier system. Bilosomes with its name derived from bile salts (which is one of its major constituents), is a 'niosome-like' colloidal carrier. Here, we focus on different aspects of bile salt based drug delivery systems including their composition, developmental techniques, characterization, comparative advantages of BS-integrated nanomedicines over conventional nanocarriers, stability, transitional modifications and scale-upemphasizing their biomedical potential in oral immunization against various diseases and delivery of peptide drugs. Bile acid-based amphiphiles, in the form of mixed micelles, bilosomes, drug conjugates and hybrid lipid-polymer nanoparticles are critically discussed as delivery systems for anticancer drugs, antimicrobial agents and therapeutic peptides/proteins, including vaccines. Current pitfalls, future perspectives, and opinions have also been outlined. Bile acid-based nanoparticles are a growing research area therefore, multifaceted pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of bile salts are to be expected in the near future.
Development of a solid dosage platform for the oral delivery of bilayer vesicles
European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017
Within this work, we develop vesicles incorporating sub-unit antigens as solid dosage forms suitable for the oral delivery of vaccines. Using a combination of trehalose, dextran and mannitol, freeze-dried oral disintegrating tablets were formed which upon rehydration release bilayer vesicles incorporating antigen. Initial studies focused on the optimisation of the freeze-dry cycle and subsequently excipient content was optimised by testing tablet hardness, disintegration time and moisture content. The use of 10% mannitol and 10% dextran produced durable tablets which offered strong resistance to mechanical damage yet appropriate disintegration times and dispersed to release niosomes-entrapping antigen. From these studies, we have formulated a bilayer vesicle vaccine delivery system as rapid disintegrating tablets and capsules.
Liposomes as a Novel Drug Delivery System
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology
Liposomes and liposome-derived nanovesicles including archaeosomes and virosomes have turn out to be essential service structures in vaccine improvement and the hobby for liposome-primarily primarily based totally absolutely sincerely vaccines has markedly increased. A key gain of liposomes, archaeosomes and virosomes. In general, and liposome-primarily based totally sincerely vaccine transport structures in particular, is their versatility and plasticity. Liposome composition and training may be selected to attain preferred capabilities including choice of lipid, charge, length, length distribution, entrapment and region of antigens or adjuvants. Depending on the chemical properties, water- soluble antigens (proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, haptens) are entrapped withinside the aqueous inner region of liposomes, at the equal time as lipophilic compounds (lipopeptides, antigens, adjuvants, linker molecules) are intercalated into the lipid bilayer and antigens or adj...
Topical and mucosal liposomes for vaccine delivery
Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology
Mucosal (and in minor extent transcutanous) stimulation can induce local or distant mucosa secretory IgA. Liposomes and other vesicles as mucosal and transcutaneous adjuvants are attractive alternatives to parenteral vaccination. Liposomes can be massively produced under good manufacturing practices and stored for long periods, at high antigen/vesicle mass ratios. However, their uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APC) at the inductive sites remains as a major challenge. As neurotoxicity is a major concern in intranasal delivery, complexes between archaeosomes and calcium as well as cationic liposomes complexed with plasmids encoding for antigenic proteins could safely elicit secretory and systemic antigen-specific immune responses. Oral bilosomes generate intense immune responses that remain to be tested against challenge, but the admixing with toxins or derivatives is mandatory to reduce the amount of antigen. Most of the current experimental designs, however, underestimate the mu...
Liposome: a carrier for effective drug delivery
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research, 2020
Liposomes are the spherical vesicles containing one or more phospholipid bilayer, which was first described in the middle of 60s by Bangham. The bilayer vesicles are considered as an efficient carrier for drug delivery, diagnostic agents, and also an effective tool for vaccine delivery. Liposome has been used as a potential carrier for several diseases from cardiovascular disease to bacterial infection and also it has the ability to reducing the toxicity of highly potent drugs and simultaneously utilized to improve pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy. A liposome is a formulation which has the capacity to overcome with the limitation of conventional therapies. For the delivery of liposome ocular and inhalation route are some advanced technology. In poorly water soluble substance pulmonary delivery is very much useful. However liposome based vaccines have been demonstrated in clinical trials and further progress in human trails. This review discusses the mechanism of action, Method of preparation, evaluation, application of liposomal drug delivery system along with the recent developments some of the commercially available products.