Biofilm formation by Propionibacterium acnes is a characteristic of invasive isolates (original) (raw)
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Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2007
Objectives: Propionibacterium acnes is increasingly recognized as a cause of delayed infection after spinal instrumentation or shunting for hydrocephalus. Biofilm development by this organism has recently been demonstrated. We therefore investigated the effect of two different courses of three antibiotics ( penicillin, rifampicin and linezolid) on mature P. acnes biofilms in vitro. Outcomes were eradication or regrowth after withdrawal of antibiotics, simulating successful treatment and relapse.
Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2015
Propionibacterium acnes is well known as a human skin commensal, but can also act as an invasive pathogen causing implant-associated infections. In order to resolve these types of P. acnes infections, implants must be removed due the presence of an established biofilm that is recalcitrant to antibiotic therapy. In order to identify those P. acnes proteins produced in vivo during a biofilm infection, we established a rabbit model of implant-associated infection with this pathogen. P. acnes biofilms were anaerobically grown on dextran beads that were then inoculated into the left tibia of rabbits. At four weeks post-inoculation, P. acnes infection was confirmed by radiograph, histology, culture, and PCR. In vivo-produced and immunogenic P. acnes proteins were detected on Western Blot using sera samples from infected rabbits with P. acnes after these bacterial proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Those proteins that bound host antibodies were then isolated an...
Propionibacterium acnes: from commensal to opportunistic biofilm-associated implant pathogen
Clinical microbiology reviews, 2014
Propionibacterium acnes is known primarily as a skin commensal. However, it can present as an opportunistic pathogen via bacterial seeding to cause invasive infections such as implant-associated infections. These infections have gained more attention due to improved diagnostic procedures, such as sonication of explanted foreign materials and prolonged cultivation time of up to 14 days for periprosthetic biopsy specimens, and improved molecular methods, such as broad-range 16S rRNA gene PCR. Implant-associated infections caused by P. acnes are most often described for shoulder prosthetic joint infections as well as cerebrovascular shunt infections, fibrosis of breast implants, and infections of cardiovascular devices. P. acnes causes disease through a number of virulence factors, such as biofilm formation. P. acnes is highly susceptible to a wide range of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, quinolones, clindamycin, and rifampin, although resistance to clindamycin is increasing. Trea...
Médecine et maladies infectieuses, 2014
Propionibacterium acnes colonizes the lipid-rich sebaceous glands of the skin. This preferential anaerobic bacterium is easily identified if cultures are prolonged. It is involved in the inflammation process of acne, but until recently, it was neglected in other clinical presentations. Despite a reported low virulence, the new genomic, transcriptomic, and phylogenetic studies have allowed better understanding of this pathogen's importance that causes many chronic and recurrent infections, including orthopedic and cardiac prosthetic, and breast or eye implant-infections. These infections, facilitated by the ability of P. acnes to produce a biofilm, require using anti-biofilm active antibiotics such as rifampicin. The antibiogram of P. acnes is not systematically performed in microbiology laboratories because of its susceptibility to a wide range of antibiotics. However, in the last 10 years, the rate of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has increased, especially for macrolides and te...
Antibiotics for the eradication of Propionibacterium acnes biofilms in surgical infection
Journal of …, 2007
Objectives: Propionibacterium acnes is increasingly recognized as a cause of delayed infection after spinal instrumentation or shunting for hydrocephalus. Biofilm development by this organism has recently been demonstrated. We therefore investigated the effect of two different courses of three antibiotics ( penicillin, rifampicin and linezolid) on mature P. acnes biofilms in vitro. Outcomes were eradication or regrowth after withdrawal of antibiotics, simulating successful treatment and relapse.
Propionibacterium acnes: An Underestimated Pathogen in Implant-Associated Infections
BioMed Research International, 2013
The role ofPropionibacterium acnesin acne and in a wide range of inflammatory diseases is well established. However,P. acnesis also responsible for infections involving implants. Prolonged aerobic and anaerobic agar cultures for 14 days and broth cultures increase the detection rate. In this paper, we review the pathogenic role of P. acnes in implant-associated infections such as prosthetic joints, cardiac devices, breast implants, intraocular lenses, neurosurgical devices, and spine implants. The management of severe infections caused byP. acnesinvolves a combination of antimicrobial and surgical treatment (often removal of the device). Intravenous penicillin G and ceftriaxone are the first choice for serious infections, with vancomycin and daptomycin as alternatives, and amoxicillin, rifampicin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and levofloxacin for oral treatment. Sonication of explanted prosthetic material improves the diagnosis of implant-associated infections. Molecular methods may f...
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2014
Propionibacterium acnes and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are opportunistic pathogens implicated in prosthetic joint and fracture fixation device-related infections. The purpose of this study was to determine whether P. acnes and the CoNS species Staphylococcus lugdunensis, isolated from an "aseptically failed" prosthetic hip joint and a united intramedullary nail-fixed tibial fracture, respectively, could cause osteomyelitis in an established implant-related osteomyelitis model in rabbits in the absence of wear debris from the implant material. The histological features of P. acnes infection in the in vivo rabbit model were consistent with localized pyogenic osteomyelitis, and a biofilm was present on all explanted intramedullary (IM) nails. The animals displayed no outward signs of infection, such as swelling, lameness, weight loss, or elevated white blood cell count. In contrast, infection with S. lugdunensis resulted in histological features consistent with both pyogenic osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, and all S. lugdunensis-infected animals displayed weight loss and an elevated white blood cell count despite biofilm detection in only two out of six rabbits. The differences in the histological and bacteriological profiles of the two species in this rabbit model of infection are reflective of their different clinical presentations: low-grade infection in the case of P. acnes and acute infection for S. lugdunensis. These results are especially important in light of the growing recognition of chronic P. acnes biofilm infections in prosthetic joint failure and nonunion of fracture fixations, which may be currently reported as "aseptic" failure.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2012
Propionibacterium acnes is an important cause of orthopedic-implant-associated infections, for which the optimal treatment has not yet been determined. We investigated the activity of rifampin, alone and in combination, against planktonic and biofilm P. acnes in vitro and in a foreign-body infection model. The MIC and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 0.007 and 4 g/ml for rifampin, 1 and 4 g/ml for daptomycin, 1 and 8 g/ml for vancomycin, 1 and 2 g/ml for levofloxacin, 0.03 and 16 g/ml for penicillin G, 0.125 and 512 g/ml for clindamycin, and 0.25 and 32 g/ml for ceftriaxone. The P. acnes minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was 16 g/ml for rifampin; 32 g/ml for penicillin G; 64 g/ml for daptomycin and ceftriaxone; and >128 g/ml for levofloxacin, vancomycin, and clindamycin. In the animal model, implants were infected by injection of 10 9 CFU P. acnes in cages. Antimicrobial activity on P. acnes was investigated in the cage fluid (planktonic form) and on explanted cages (biofilm form). The cure rates were 4% for daptomycin, 17% for vancomycin, 0% for levofloxacin, and 36% for rifampin. Rifampin cured 63% of the infected cages in combination with daptomycin, 46% with vancomycin, and 25% with levofloxacin. While all tested antimicrobials showed good activity against planktonic P. acnes, for eradication of biofilms, rifampin was needed. In combination with rifampin, daptomycin showed higher cure rates than with vancomycin in this foreign-body infection model.
Letters in applied microbiology, 2016
The human opportunistic pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii, has the propensity to form biofilms and frequently causes medical device-related infections in hospitals. However, the physio-chemical properties of medical surfaces, in addition to bacterial surface properties, will affect colonization and biofilm development. The objective of this study was to compare the ability of A. baumannii to form biofilms on six different materials common to the hospital environment: glass, porcelain, stainless steel, rubber, polycarbonate plastic and polypropylene plastic. Biofilms were developed on material coupons in a CDC biofilm reactor. Biofilms were visualized and quantified using fluorescent staining and imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and by direct viable cell counts. Image analysis of CLSM stacks indicated that the mean biomass values for biofilms grown on glass, rubber, porcelain, polypropylene, stainless steel and polycarbonate were 0.04, 0.26, 0.62, 1.00, 2.08 and...
European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Acinetobacter baumannii is a member of the ESKAPE pathogens, notorious for causing multidrug resistant nosocomial infections worldwide. Biofilm has an important role in its persistence and spread in hospital environment, as well as its multidrug resistance potential. The present study was aimed at finding out whether the strength of Biofilm formation varies with infection of different organs / system. A total of 136 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were taken from a variety of samples. Strength of Biofilm formation, determined by Tissue culture plate method, was graded according to OD value in ELISA reader as nil, moderate and strong. It was seen that association between variations in biofilm forming capacity depending on different sites of infection was statistically significant. We suggest biofilm typing by this method for this pathogen, as a potentially feasible alternative in countries with cost restrained healthcare set ups. Moreover, biofilm typing report would be more m...