Apego y consumo de sustancias en la adolescencia: Una revisión de aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos= Attachment and substance use in adolescence: A review of conceptual and methodological aspects (original) (raw)
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Las experiencias de abuso en los adolescentes y los tipos de apego
2012
Introduction. The fact that emotional and social experiences in early childhood period within the family influence the experiences in adolescence and adulthood (communication skills, interpersonal relations) is not a new case. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the relationship between childhood abuse and attachment styles. Method. The sample of this study consists of 490 freshmen studying at different faculties of Selcuk University. In this study, while collecting necessary data, Relationships Scale Questionnaire and Childhood Trauma Scale. In order to establish a positive or negative relationship between the childhood abuse experiences of adolescents and the attachment styles, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Technique is applied. Results. When the findings are taken into consideration, it is observed that there is a negative significant relationship between secure attachment style and emotional abuse (p<0.05); a positive significant relationship between preoccupied attachment style and physical abuse (p<0.01) and a positive significant relationship between dismissing attachment style and emotional abuse (p<0.05) as well as a positive significant relationship fearful attachment style and physical abuse (p<0.05). Studies carried out highlight that traumas experienced during the childhood develop insecure attachment style. Individuals exposed to abuse in their families, especially the ones exposed to emotional and physical abuse, cannot develop a secure attachment style is coherent with the main assumption of attachment theory.
Comportamento Antissocial Na Infância e Adolescência
International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology Revista INFAD de psicología, 2016
The family, as a central role in the socialization of children and adolescents, has been considered a decisive factor in the development of juvenile delinquency. Since the end nineteenth century, the family and delinquent behavior has aroused the interest of specialists in humanities (education, psychology, psychiatry, social work, sociology, criminology). These professionals propose that the way to interact appropriately with significant adults and peer group is important for the development of child and adolescent. This article is a literature review, whose main purpose is to synthesize some of the studies, to understanding and explaining the factors that contribute to occurrence antisocial behavior in children and adolescent. Keywords: antisocial behavior; risk factors; protective factors RESUMO A família, como papel central na socialização das crianças e adolescentes, tem sido considerada um factor decisivo no desenvolvimento da delinquência juvenil. Desde o final do século XIX, a temática família e conduta delinquente tem despertado o interesse dos especialistas em ciências humanas (educação, psicologia, psiquiatria, serviço social, sociologia, criminologia). Estes profissionais indicam que a forma de interagir adequadamente com os adultos significativos e grupo de pares é relevante para o desenvolvimento da criança e do adolescente. Este artigo assenta na revisão da literatura, cujo objectivo consiste sintetizar alguns dos estudos realizados, para a compreensão e explicação dos factores que contribuem para a ocorrência de comportamento antissocial da criança e do adolescente. Palavras-chave: comportamento antissocial; factores de risco; factores de protecção
Revista Chilena de Pediatría, 2019
La evidencia de las últimas décadas ha demostrado que el apego temprano es un proceso vital para la comprensión, prevención e intervención de la salud mental y física de las personas. Sin embargo, es escasa la información sobre el comportamiento del sistema de apego en la realidad chilena.Objetivo: Describir la distribución de los estilos de apego en poblaciones de niños bajo diferentes tipos de cuidado.Sujetos y Método: A través de un método descriptivo retrospectivo, se evaluaron 714 díadas madre-bebé (de 1 a 36 meses) seleccionadas al azar y de modo intencionado, a través de los procedimientos de la Situación Extraña, Escala de Apego durante Stress (ADS), y la Escala de Relación Profesor-Alumno. Las muestras provinieron de familias normativas seleccionadas al azar, infantes de salas de cuna y jardines infantiles JUNJI, e infantes de los centros CONIN y en condiciones de privación de libertad junto a sus madres.Resultados: Las 6 muestras provenientes de 6 estudios demuestran el es...
Universitas Psychologica, 2021
El objetivo de este estudio es la revisión de la evidencia actual sobre la relación entre la vivencia de experiencias adversas en la infancia y el posterior uso de drogas en la adolescencia y adultez, y sus características. La metodología utilizada fue una revisión sistemática de publicaciones científicas, entre el periodo 2013-2017, disponibles en la base de datos Scopus sobre experiencias adversas en la infancia y el uso de drogas en la adolescencia y adultez que arrojó un total de 69 publicaciones incluidas en el estudio. Las experiencias adversas en la infancia presentan una elevada relación con el uso y/o abuso de drogas en la adolescencia y adultez. El consumo de drogas en adolescentes y adultos expuestos a experiencias traumáticas en la infancia se da principalmente en hombres. Las drogas mayormente usadas son alcohol, tabaco, cannabis y fármacos no recetados y, en menor medida, opioides, cocaína y anfetaminas. Las drogas, en este sentido, cumplen el rol de barrera química pa...
Disponibilidad, accesibilidad a las drogas y su incidencia en el consumo de sustancias
2018
The objective of this research was to analyze the connection between availability/accessibility of illegal drugs with the development of consumption levels among youngsters of 12 to 18 years of age in different communities of the Argentine Republic. Data was collected through interviews and an anonymous survey, voluntary and self- administered in different cities of the country. The result of this survey showed that the increase of consumption of illegal drugs is due to many factors, considering the offer of drugs in our country nowadays and the easy access to them one of the most important of these. Social tolerance and anomie are added, leading many youngsters to start consuming at early ages. Besides, the general objective proposed, to analyze availability/accessibility to illegal drugs, led to the connection with the development of the levels of consumption among the population and the most usual ways to access to such consumptions were identified. Thus it is confirmed that the ...
2011
Drugs use in adolescence is an important issue to be discussed, due to the early damage it causes. This study investigated adolescent drugs use, ranging from the first trial to perceptions about treatment adherence. Based on qualitative research, the researchers aimed to understand the problem from the subjects viewpoint. Data were analyzed through thematic categorization. Fourteen teenagers were interviewed: mostly males, 14 to 19 years old and low education. Marijuana was the most used drug upon the first trial. Friends, free time and "parties" favored drugs use. Teenagers also used drugs to escape from conflicts and feelings. Different intrinsic and extrinsic factors were reported as favorable to treatment adherence and dropout. The findings can contribute to establish therapeutic intervention proposals for adolescent drug users.El uso de drogas en la adolescencia es una cuestión importante a ser debatida por los perjuicios ocasionados precozmente. El estudio objetivó c...
Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental Online, 2019
Objetivo: Conhecer as vivências de um grupo de adolescentes no convívio com usuários de drogas à Luz do Modelo Bioecológico de Bronfenbrenner. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, descritivo-exploratória, desenvolvida de março de 2014 a agosto de 2015, com 30 adolescentes que participam de um Programa de Oficinas Educativas de uma Organização Não-Governamental, em Santa Catarina. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e a interpretação ocorreu conforme a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Identificaram-se duas categorias: Adolescentes convivendo com usuários de drogas no sistema familiar e Adolescentes convivendo com usuários de drogas no contexto social. Observou-se que microssistema, exossistema, mesossistema, macrossistema e cronossistema influenciam e são influenciados pelo mundo das drogas. Conclusão: É necessário pensar em estratégias de intervenção em saúde, que considerem os sistemas bioecológicos em que os adolescentes estão inseridos. Este estudo pode contribuir para a refl...
VULNERABILIDAD AL ABUSO SEXUAL INFANTIL: HERRAMIENTA NOABS
Quaderns de Psicologia, 2023
Abstract Background:The prevalence of child sexual abuse shows a result of 19% in females and 8% in males. Objective:The main aim of this study, is to identify the level of vulnerability and risk of sexual abuse in children between 6 to 13 years old with the NOABS tool. Participants and Setting: 684 children between the ages 6 and 13 from the Simón Araujo school in Sucre, Colombia. Methodology:The methodology used in this study has a descriptive approach and data was analyzed with a quantitative strategy. Results:After analyzing the data, it shows a 5.3 % high vulnerability (VA), (VA) female (F) 4.3 %, 6.5 % male (M), (VA) family context 16.1 %, social 14.9 %, school 8.2 %. Conclusions:Other researches allow to compare these results in order to have a clear idea about the levels of vulnerability and risk of abuse validating the NOABS game. Keywords:Child Sexual Abuse;Prevention Resumen Antecedentes:La prevalencia de abuso sexual infantil muestra un resultado de 19% en el sexo femenino y 8% en el masculino. Objetivo:El objetivo principal de este estudio, es identificar el nivel de vulnerabilidad y riesgo de abuso sexual en niños de 6 a 13 años con la herramienta NOABS. Participantes y Ámbito:684 niños de 6 a 13 años del colegio Simón Araujo de Sucre, Colombia. Metodología:Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y los datos fueron analizados con una estrategia cuantitativa. Resultados:Tras el análisis de los datos, se muestra una alta vulnerabilidad (VA) 5,3 %, (VA) femenino (F) 4,3 %, masculino (M) 6,5 %, (VA) en el contexto familiar 16,1 %, social 14,9 % y escolar 8,2 %. Conclusiones:Otras investigaciones permiten comparar estos resultados para tener una idea clara sobre los niveles de vulnerabilidad y riesgo de abuso validando el juego NOABS.Palabras clave: Abuso Sexual Infantil; Prevención